Spine – Pubmed Results

An 8-year-old male patient with bilateral Sprengel deformity, characterized by a right-sided bony omovertebral bar and a left-sided fibrous band, in the context of Klippel-Feil syndrome is presented in this case report. The patient had limited shoulder movement, a short neck, and considerable cosmetic issues. The radiological evaluation showed the omovertebral structures to be asymmetrical and a cervical fusion at C2-C3. The patient underwent 2 separate surgical procedures: the right side was...

Background and Objectives: The thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) has been implicated in low back pain, but imaging-based characterization in degenerative lumbar disorders, particularly in surgical cohorts, remains limited. To describe MRI-derived and US-derived TLF thickness estimates in a heterogeneous degenerative lumbar surgical cohort and explore preliminary imaging patterns and associations with selected clinical variables. Materials and Methods: In this prospective single-center cohort, adults...

Background: Congenital spinal deformities associated with multiple vertebral anomalies often require surgical correction during growth; however, the relationship between age at initial surgery and cumulative treatment burden remains insufficiently characterized. Objective: To evaluate whether age at first surgery is associated with surgical burden and radiographic outcomes in children with congenital spinal deformity treated with conventional posterior instrumented fusion. Methods: In this...

Background and Objectives: Percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation is a standard treatment for posterior pelvic ring instability and sacral insufficiency fractures. However, conventional transsacral S1 screw fixation is associated with notable complication rates, most commonly implant loosening; dysmorphic sacral anatomy increases the risk of iatrogenic L5 or S1 nerve root injury. This study presents a modified S1 trajectory to engage the high-density bone of the anterior and cranial S1 vertebral...

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), as a common spinal disorder, is closely associated with intervertebral disc cell senescence in its pathogenesis. Cellular senescence leads to alterations in the biomechanical properties of intervertebral discs and causes clinical symptoms including chronic pain and functional impairment. Current research demonstrates that telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular metabolic reprogramming constitute the core molecular mechanisms...

Angiogenesis represents a key pathological basis for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and discogenic low back pain (LBP), yet its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that mechanical stress induces disc vascularization by activating Hippo signaling and inducing Yes-associated protein (YAP) degradation in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. This finding was corroborated in NP-specific Yap conditional knockout mice, which exhibited enhanced disc vascularization. Mechanistically, YAP...

A 55-year-old patient presented with persistent back pain after a lifting injury. Later, buttock pain and hypaesthesia of the left knee developed. MRI revealed a lesion at lumbar vertebral body L3, histologically confirmed as a conventional chordoma. Chordomas are rare, locally aggressive tumors of notochordal origin with a high recurrence rate and require specialized treatment. A two-stage en-bloc spondylectomy with dorsal decompression and anterior cage implantation was performed on the...

CONCLUSIONS: In this young adult CT cohort without apparent cervical spinal pathology, cervical central canal and neural foraminal dimensions demonstrated no strong correlations across levels. These findings suggest that central canal dimensions should not be used as a surrogate for neural foraminal dimensions in quantitative morphometric assessment.

CONCLUSIONS: The automated assessment of vertebral trabecular HU from routine FDG PET/CT provides a reliable and highly efficient method for screening low bone density without additional radiation exposure or cost.

Spinal bone metastases often lead to vertebral fractures and other skeletal events that severely affect patients' quality of life. Predicting structural failure is essential for guiding treatment and preventing complications. However, conventional assessment tools have limited predictive power, highlighting the need for computational methods capable of simulating disease progression and its mechanical consequences. This study aimed to develop a fully automated, patient-specific methodology to...

CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, the AI model exhibited substantial agreement with human observers for CVM staging and skeletal assessment, demonstrating its potential viability as a clinical decision-support tool.

Sacral epidural cavernous hemangioma involving the intervertebral foramen is exceptionally rare and may closely mimic more common benign nerve sheath tumors on magnetic resonance imaging. We report the case of a woman in her mid-50s who presented with a 1-month history of nocturnal left lower-extremity pain and mild weakness. Contrast-enhanced lumbar magnetic resonance imaging revealed a strongly enhancing nodular lesion in the left S2 foraminal region, and schwannoma was considered...

To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) in the treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH). PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for clinical studies investigating UBE for rLDH published up to November 29, 2025. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were independently performed by two reviewers. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis...

CONCLUSION: In older US adults, the lumbar spine-total hip T-score difference was associated with all-cause mortality in women but not in men, while total hip T-score remained the strongest single-site predictor in both sexes. These findings are consistent with the clinical emphasis on hip measurements when interpreting DXA results in older adults. ΔT_LS - TH may identify a higher-risk pattern of site-specific discordance at the population level, but it should not be used for individual...

CONCLUSION: Research on lumbar spondylolysis is increasingly characterized by multimodality and multidisciplinary integration, with a growing convergence in research priorities within the global academic community. However, China continues to trail behind leading international efforts in this domain. Moving forward, priorities should include conducting high-quality prospective cohort studies, multicenter comparative trials, and multimodal cross-disciplinary research to enhance evidence-based...

CONCLUSIONS: SAPHO and AS show similar BME characteristics on MRI. SAPHO patients have a smaller extent of BME in spine and sacroiliac joints, whereas spinal BME may have a stronger correlation with their physical function. In SAPHO patients with axial involvement, the treatment experience of SPA may have certain reference value.

Exercise is a key non-pharmacological component of therapy in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Evidence for yoga as a mind-body intervention remains limited. This study aimed to assess the effects of an 8-week yoga program on mobility, function, disease activity, activity-related competences, and psychological outcomes in axSpA compared with physiotherapy and healthy individuals. We conducted a prospective, non-randomized, study (University Hospital Erlangen, May 2021-January 2024). AxSpA...

CONCLUSION: Single-incision UNSES has the advantages of small trauma, high safety, flexible operation, and extensive decompression, which can effectively complete the removal of two adjacent segments herniated disc, and the effectiveness is satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings support a genetically determined microbiota-inflammation axis in DLSD. Furthermore, they identify circulating inflammatory proteins as mediators to prioritize mechanistic studies and guide translational follow-up research.

CONCLUSION: Chiropractic and massage, unlike acupuncture, elicited detectable biomechanical changes, while chiropractic also enhanced disability outcomes. HKD detected no microstructural changes.

CONCLUSIONS: Enoxaparin is cost-effective for PLF of 7-12 segments but not for PLF of fewer than 7 segments. Lower drug costs or higher treatment costs could make prophylaxis cost-effective for PLF of fewer segments.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing elective CDR, more patients with higher ASA classification hadhigher physical function scores at short-term follow-up and lower arm pain at longer term follow-up. These findings suggest thathigher ASA score does not necessarily correlate with worse postoperative outcomes in elective CDR.

CONCLUSIONS: PROMs commonly utilized in cervical spine surgery demonstrated few statistically significant moderate-strength correlations with patient-perceived changes in health. These findings suggest that commonly used PROMs may not adequately assess changes in health that are relevant to patients undergoing cervical spine surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: In plated ACDF, adding a central cavity to BGS-7 spacers confers no measurable advantage over the solid design. Solid spacers inherently preserve maximum endplate contact area for optimal load-sharing and surface-mediated fusion. Eliminating the cavity and supplemental grafts avoids logical redundancy, donor-site morbidity, and unnecessary healthcare costs.

CONCLUSIONS: While there is a significant incidence of spinal cord injury after a cervical SW, there is a very low incidence of cervical spine instability requiring spinal fixation. The routine application of cervical collar following a SW to the neck is unnecessary.

Although they are rare, pediatric cervical spine injuries can be severe and life-threatening. To detect these injuries while avoiding further harm, emergency clinicians must recognize high-risk signs and mechanisms and consider physiology based on patient age. This review presents evidence-based recommendations for prehospital management, imaging decisions, and emergency department management of pediatric cervical spine injuries.

CONCLUSION: Longer weekly work hours were associated with higher odds of cervical spine dysfunction among VDT workers. This association may be partly explained through indirect pathways involving occupational stress and sleep quality, supporting prevention strategies integrating working-time management with ergonomic/posture interventions, stress reduction, and sleep health promotion.

ObjectiveThoracolumbar fractures (T11-L2) are common spinal injuries, and accurate classification is essential for treatment planning. However, diagnosis remains challenging because of complex fracture morphology and variability in clinical experience. This study evaluated the feasibility of a deep learning framework for automated classification of thoracolumbar fractures using CT images.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using CT images from 596 patients with thoracolumbar fractures. A...

CONCLUSION: One- and two-level lumbar fusion procedures demonstrated high durability with an overall revision surgery rate of 15%. The most common indications for revision surgery are adjacent segment disease and nonunion. These findings may inform surgical planning, guide preoperative counseling, and support future quality-improvement efforts.

Lumbosacral instability (LSI) in cats is an important condition which may precede development of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS). Pain in the lumbosacral region often causes discomfort, changes in physical activity, behavioral disturbances, and defecation problems. The disease may be missed in its early stages in both two- and three-dimensional static examinations. Dynamic radiographic examination may reveal excessive mobility of the lumbosacral junction (LSJ) but is rarely used in...

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) often leads to persistent impairment in motor function and activities of daily living (ADL) even after surgical decompression. Although postoperative rehabilitation is widely implemented, factors associated with ADL outcomes during the convalescent rehabilitation phase remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate ADL outcomes and their associated factors in postoperative patients with CSM admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward. This retrospective...

CONCLUSION: Despite their rarity, potential cervical spine injury in children requires accurate diagnosis. Clinical examinations can be challenging, especially in children with compromised consciousness. Increased radiation exposure from X-rays and computer tomography (CT) scans must be considered, particularly as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) availability is sometimes limited and often requires more resources as sedation or anesthesia in younger children. The introduced algorithm uses...

Understanding normal growth patterns is essential for identifying early pathological deviations such as idiopathic scoliosis (IS). School scoliosis screening programs (SSSP), alongside clinical data, provide large-scale population datasets that enable the study of anthropometric and developmental differences between healthy children and those with IS. These data contribute significantly to understanding the epidemiology, natural history, and early pathogenesis of the condition. This study...

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity that can affect dynamic movement and postural stability. Gait analysis research in AIS typically involves pooling group data, which may obscure clinically meaningful inter-individual differences in kinematic responses. This study examined the effect of walking speed on multi-segment spine coordination in adolescents with AIS using a multiple single-subject analysis approach incorporating coordination profiling and vector coding...

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) requires repeated radiographic monitoring, accumulating ionizing radiation during a radiosensitive developmental period. This prospective pilot study compared sagittal thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis measurements obtained via three-dimensional ultrasonography (Scolioscan), electromechanical surface topography (Spinal Mouse), and standing lateral radiography in 19 AIS patients (mean age 15.95 ± 3.67 years; Cobb angle >10°). Paired-samples t-tests,...

Non-specific neck pain (NSNP) remains a leading cause of disability worldwide, yet prevailing etiologic models incompletely account for time-dependent mechanical exposures during sleep. Existing frameworks emphasize structural and psychosocial factors, central sensitization, and altered sensorimotor control, while sleep disturbance is primarily considered through systemic or central mechanisms. This paper integrates sleep physiology, cervical biomechanics, and tissue-specific mechanobiology to...

Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) remains the leading cause of disability worldwide, yet prevailing etiologic models incompletely account for time-dependent mechanical exposure during sleep. Existing frameworks emphasize structural, psychosocial, and neurophysiological contributors, while sleep disturbance is primarily interpreted through central or systemic mechanisms. An underrecognized gap remains: the mechanical environment of the lumbar spine and pelvis during sleep. Sleep is the longest...

Thoracic scoliosis is commonly associated with rib cage deformity and impaired respiratory mechanics. Derotational breathing exercises aim to correct three-dimensional trunk asymmetry by selectively expanding the concave hemithorax. This prospective quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of a 4-week supervised Schroth-based rotational angular breathing (RAB) program on intercostal distance (ICD), vertebral axial rotation, and Cobb angle in 20 female adolescents (age 14.30 ± 1.84...

CONCLUSIONS: In older adults, lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and clustered sacral dysmorphic morphology are strongly associated with absence or critical narrowing of the S1 transsacral corridor, whereas S2 corridors remain consistently preserved. These findings highlight the importance of systematic preoperative CT-based corridor assessment and caution against assuming S1 feasibility without individualized anatomical evaluation.

CONCLUSION: AI-assisted pedicle screw trajectory planning combined with robotic guidance improves screw placement accuracy, preserves intervertebral space height, accelerates bone graft fusion, and enhances clinical outcomes in patients with LDD and low bone mass.

In this study, network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and experimental validation were used to investigate the pharmacological basis and potential molecular mechanisms of Yi Qi Huo Xue Decoction (YQHXD) in lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). A total of 678 active compound-related targets of YQHXD and 296 potential LDD-associated therapeutic targets were identified. Protein-protein interaction network analysis and topological analysis identified several candidate...

CONCLUSION: Single-level ACDF does not significantly reduce cervical ROM from baseline. In multilevel fusions, a discrepancy exists: radiographs show modest reductions, while dynamic motion analyses suggest that baseline ROM is preserved. Dynamic motion analyses provide a more clinically accurate representation of mobility changes following single-level and multilevel fusions.

Objective: To investigate the cervical reasonable range of motion (ROM) after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), so that the intradiscal pressure (IDP) in adjacent segments of the fusion segments did not increase compared with normal cervical spine. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model of intact cervical spine (C(0)-C(7)) was established based on CT data from a healthy adult female cervical spine, and its effectiveness was verified. ACDF surgery was simulated at the...

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between vertebral rotation (VR), curve magnitude, and age in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is not yet fully understood. Although VR represents a defining feature of scoliotic deformity, it remains unclear whether rotational progression is age-related or curve magnitude-related. It has been suggested that in early scoliosis the intervertebral disc is initially deformed or wedged, driving the formation of the Cobb angle, with secondary vertebral and...

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, with a prevalence of approximately 5%-6% among school-aged children (5-11 years). The relationship between spinal deformities and DCD has been explored in various studies, indicating a notable correlation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between DCD and spinal malalignment. A literature review was conducted in electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google...

CONCLUSIONS: SNs at L1-L2 and higher SFI were the factors most strongly associated with a history of THA. These findings highlight distinct morphological features in the hip-spine population, though the nature of these interrelationships remains to be elucidated. Prospective longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify the temporal dynamics of hip-spine interactions.

CONCLUSION: The proposed workflow improves trajectory-following accuracy and depth control while preserving intuitive surgeon interaction. These results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating AI-based planning, intraoperative tracking, and collaborative robotics for cervical spine surgery.

A common problem in long spinal fusions is caudal end fixation failure. To address sacral screw loosening, fixation may be extended to the pelvis using iliac screws. Iliac screws provide strong anchor strength, but loosening is common due to high strain. A novel 'Eiffel Tower' (E-T) construct is introduced to reduce iliac screw strain. A saw-bone spine model was instrumented with pedicle screws and rods from T9 to S1 as native fixation. L5 and S1 screw strain was measured with application of...

CONCLUSION: The biomechanical performance of posterior trans-iliac plate fixation is influenced by the Denis fracture pattern. Fracture micromotion associated with the non-reinforced TPO construct evaluated in this study decreased as the fracture line approached the sacral midline, indicating improved mechanical compatibility in more medially located fracture patterns. These findings provide biomechanical reference data for understanding fracture pattern-dependent fixation compatibility of TPO...

CONCLUSIONS: Under controlled in vitro conditions and with intact cortical bone, spinal radiofrequency ablation led to limited heat propagation beyond the vertebral body and pedicle. Temperature levels commonly associated with irreversible neural injury were not reached or were exceeded only briefly. These findings suggest a low risk of clinically relevant thermal injury to adjacent neural structures when spinal RFA is performed with appropriate probe placement and preserved osseous integrity....