Gastroenterology

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Clinical Knowledge Summaries- Gastrointestinal Topics

COVID-19 – PubMed search results

The nasal mucosa plays key roles in protecting against airborne pathogens as the major barrier to the airway. Catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic, recent studies focusing on nasal immunity have begun to elucidate how epithelial and immune cells work in concert to fight viral infection, reduce spread to the lower airways, and limit onward transmission. Technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing and air-liquid interface models are enabling high-resolution views of the cell states and responses...
CONCLUSION: The global burden of AH remains poorly characterized. Existing population-based estimates are highly heterogeneous, reflecting differences in case definitions as well as probable true epidemiological variation across countries, and collectively suggest an increasing trend over the past 25 years. These findings underscore the urgent need for prospective studies employing standardized and harmonized methodologies to more accurately define the burden of this condition.
COVID-19 infection is associated with multi-system complications other than primary pulmonary disease. It is well-documented that it causes an inflammatory response, which in severe cases can lead to pathologies in other organ systems. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations are common and includes anorexia, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. An uncommon GI manifestation in COVID-19 infection is GI bleeding (GIB). Angioectasia is one of the rare causes of GIB, not very common,...
CONCLUSIONS: New-onset AIH can occur following both SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Although these events remain rare, recognition of this association is essential for timely diagnosis and management.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings may provide insights into novel targeted strategies for the management of intestinal disorders.
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, with potentially enhanced immune evasion and transmissibility, pose a serious challenge to public health. This study provides a systematic characterization of the virological features of JN.1 descendant subvariants, including LP.8.1.1, KP.3, XEC.25.1, XFG, and NB.1.8.1, focusing on their infectivity, receptor binding, membrane fusion, and immune evasion capacity. Multiple JN.1 descendant variants exhibited reduced infectivity across various human cell lines, whereas...
CONCLUSIONS: This multisite study identified multiple ways that imposter or fraudulent participants can pose a significant and evolving threat to the integrity of qualitative and mixed methods. These types of fraudulent actors can distort data and undermine research credibility. Lessons learned highlight the importance of real-time recruitment and enrollment analysis and the need for transparent reporting. Addressing this issue will require a comprehensive approach to prevent and address...
CONCLUSION: HRCT Thorax is a valuable diagnostic tool in cancer patients suspected of COVID-19 infection, demonstrating both typical findings (bilateral subpleural GGOs, lower lobe predilection) and atypical findings (consolidation, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, fibrotic changes) more prevalent in oncological patients. A CT severity score >8 in oncological patients can serve as a severity predictor to guide hospitalization and management decisions.
The remarkable success of mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNP) vaccines during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have highlighted the critical role of this cutting-edge technology as a cornerstone for contemporary vaccine innovation. Efforts to enhance mRNA-LNP vaccine efficacy have driven specific interest in optimizing nanoparticle design to improve immune cell transfection. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms driving immune responses, including cell identity and their activation states within immune and...

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