Reproduction/Infertility

Pakistan has one of South Asia's highest maternal mortality ratios, a problem exacerbated by cultural sensitivities that influence health professions education (HPE) in obstetrics and gynecology (O&G) clerkships. These factors may ultimately affect women's health outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate gender-based differences in health professions education during O&G clerkships in Pakistan. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed examination records of 1572 medical students (795...

CONCLUSIONS: A mobile, stepwise competency checklist provides a structured framework for clinical training and enables real time documentation and feedback. Completion data may serve as a curriculum diagnostic tool by highlighting stable competencies and potential gaps.

Most individuals with hereditary cancer syndromes remain undiagnosed and cannot benefit from cancer mitigation strategies. Mainstreaming, or the process of integrating genetic testing into routine care, can expand access, but implementation in primary care settings has proven challenging. In a quality improvement initiative, stakeholder feedback guided the development of care algorithms, patient/provider resources, and streamlined lab workflows for mainstreaming in an urban, diverse,...

Patient embarrassment represents a significant yet often underrecognized barrier to effective gynecological care. This review integrates multidisciplinary evidence from Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library (2000-2025) to examine the relationship between embarrassment, shame, and modesty and their impact on care-seeking behaviors, clinical outcomes, and healthcare utilization. Available data indicate that embarrassment is consistently associated with reduced participation in...

BackgroundHigh-quality obstetrical and gynaecological care is vital for physical, psychological, and sexual health. However, research has documented widespread patterns of dehumanized and discriminatory care, with marginalized groups disproportionately impacted. Such care can cause lasting harm, underscoring the need for a trauma-informed and person-centred research to better understand and address these experiences.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to: (1) identify profiles of recent...

CONCLUSION: Structured autonomy, workplace exposure and personal motivation can support personalized learning in CBME. Personalization requires intentional design, supportive structures, trust towards residents, and coaching attuned to the individual learner.

In the United States and globally, the negative effects of climate change, such as extremes of heat, wildfire smoke, and air pollution, are associated with early pregnancy loss, preterm birth, preeclampsia, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and stillbirth. Climate change amplifies existing gender-based disparities, which include elevated risks of infectious diseases, malnutrition, sexual violence, mental health disorders, lack of reproductive control, negative obstetric outcomes, and death,...

This study aimed to evaluate global research trends in robotic surgery in andrology using a bibliometric approach. A comprehensive search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection using predefined keywords related to robotic-assisted techniques and andrological procedures. Publications between 2003 and 2025 were included. After applying eligibility criteria, 69 studies (37 articles and 32 reviews) were analyzed. Bibliometric analyses were performed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer to...

The nature of medical practice involves both technical dimension of pathology and treatment and the socio-cultural dimension in terms of doctor-patient interaction, as a core components of the human health protection system. The gynecological and pediatric treatment narratives in the Class Compilation of Ancient and Modern Medical Cases of China (Zhong Guo Gu Jin Yi An Hui Bian) in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China is believed to provide a typical sample for exploring...

CONCLUSION: The systematic othering of women and inequitable rural resourcing together produce health and power inequities for rural South Australians with uteruses, denying their experiences and bodily autonomy.

BACKGROUND: Pelvic examination is a core, yet anxiety-provoking, clinical skill in undergraduate medical education. Traditional teaching approaches-often opportunistic or reliant on simulation-have been criticised for disembodying technical skill from relational and ethical practice. Gynaecology Teaching Associates (GTAs), trained educators who use their own bodies to teach and provide embodied feedback, have emerged as an alternative model. This scoping review aimed to map what is known about...

INTRODUCTION: Delivering bad news has ethical, social, and medicolegal obligations for medical professionals. The way bad news is delivered directly affects patients' understanding and satisfaction with their medical care, with poor communication skills and emotional strain contributing to patient dissatisfaction and provider stress. Obstetrics and gynecology residents are often responsible for breaking bad news to patients, but there are few formal training programs focused on developing this...

Given the current severe global shortage of nursing staff, nurse burnout has become a hidden risk threatening patient safety. Alleviating nurse burnout and ensuring patient safety are therefore the core tasks of current clinical nursing management. To address the inadequacies of existing nursing interventions, which are mostly one-dimensional and lack an integrated framework, this study integrates the core logic of the Conservation of Resources Theory, Job Demands-Resources Model, Effort-Reward...

This article reconstructs Roman gynecology based on Latin medical texts, in the absence of any autonomous gynecological treatise in Latin. Drawing on a fragmentary corpus, it examines disorders of the female genital system and certain sexual dysfunctions, mainly through descriptions based on symptoms. The study shows that these conditions are relatively few in numbers, often described indirectly, and largely subordinated to reproductive function. The reserve of the authors - all sources being...

CONCLUSIONS: The AI‑assisted CBL+FC instructional model significantly enhances theoretical knowledge, clinical decision‑making skills, and learner engagement among reproductive medicine residents. This blended learning model offers an efficacious and generalizable methodology for training practitioners to address the evolving clinical requirements within contemporary fertility care.

The growing global interest in complementary and traditional medicine has over time extended into the field of reproductive health. Across Africa and Asia, traditional healing systems, herbal remedies, and indigenous birth practices continue to play major roles in maternal and reproductive health care delivery. In many low-and middle-income countries, these approaches are not merely alternatives to modern medicine, they are often the first and most accessible forms of care available to women and...

INTRODUCTION: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and persons with other gender identities (LGBTQ+) report difficulties in accessing and receiving health care, extending into OB/GYN care, with patients frequently being seen in this setting for nuanced, sensitive concerns. Up to 90% of OB/GYN residents desire more education on caring for the LGBTQ+ community. We explored the impact of a simulation-based learning experience (SBLE) designed around effective communication and the health care...

CONCLUSIONS: A core set of Kampo formulas commonly recommended by OB/GYNs was identified, providing a practical foundation for clinical education and the implementation of Kampo medicine by general clinicians managing female-specific conditions.

The inaugural session of the Asian Society of Young Gynecologic Oncologists (ASYGO), held during Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology 2025, focused on training pathways and learning curves in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for young gynecologic oncologists. Country reports from Japan, South Korea, China, Thailand, and Indonesia highlighted the rapid expansion of MIS alongside persistent disparities in training infrastructure, mentorship access, and competency assessment. While digital...

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: More than 3 years after Dobbs, the OBGYN workforce is under tremendous strain. OBGYN practitioners are essential providers of abortion care, maternal health, contraception, and complex gynecological conditions, and it is critical to understand how the post-Dobbs abortion policy environment continues to impact the OBGYN workforce and, by extension, patients.

Recent reforms in Japan's medical education, particularly the revision of the Model Core Curriculum, have emphasized hands-on clinical training to improve student competencies. Despite growing awareness, implementation varies across institutions, and clinical education remains largely observational with limited procedural experience. In contrast, Germany's medical education, rooted in practical training since the Meiji period influence, integrates structured clinical experience throughout the...

"From Congress to Clinic: Relevant Trials Presented at European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) 2026" summarizes the most clinically relevant studies presented at the 27th Congress of European Society of Gynaecological Oncology, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, from February 26 to 28, 2026. The meeting gathered more than 3000 attendees from over 100 countries and featured more than 100 international speakers, over 1200 abstracts, and more than 200 scientific lectures highlighting advances...

CONCLUSION: Most patients undergoing genetic testing did not carry an inherited mutation; however, over one-third of those without a mutation had lifetime breast cancer risk ≥20% based on Tyrer-Cuzick and/or CRS. These findings underscore the importance of routine HCRA and individualised management based on comprehensive risk assessment.

The Zheng's in Kunshan, a respected family for Gynecology, has lasted for twenty-nine generations. Its earliest medical work can be traced back to the South Song Dynasty. Its important physicians at the beginning stage in the South Song Dynasty were Xue Jiangshi, Xue Xuan and Zheng Chunfu. However, the origins and lineage of the Zheng's in Kunshan are indistinct, with inconsistencies in genealogical records and conflicting authorship attributions. This paper examined and analysed its relevant...

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This updated glossary provides a global reference for standardized terminology, supporting clinical care, research, international comparisons, policy making, patient communication, and reproductive health literacy. Periodic updates will be required as scientific and societal contexts evolve.

CONCLUSION: Overall, negative laparoscopy rates are low compared to previously reported data. The discrepancy between the healthcare sectors likely relates to patient factors, surgical training, and clinician bias. Peritoneal biopsy for symptomatic patients undergoing laparoscopy should be considered due to the potential to miss superficial disease.

CONCLUSION: Patients demonstrated considerable understanding of systemic constraints. Yet, delays, reduced relational continuity and lack of clarity had significant emotional impact. In times of scarcity, appropriate care is defined not only by clinical feasibility but by the quality of engagement, information, and emotional support.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature addressing diagnoses and conditions that intersect pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) and complex benign gynecology (CBG) to inform which patients should make the transition from PAG to CBG care, as well as when and how that transition should occur.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of a generative AI-simulated patient significantly enhanced the information completeness and organizational quality of gynecological history taking among medical students. AI-based simulation appears to be an effective and scalable adjunct to traditional standardized patients, offering educational benefits for reinforcing systematic clinical inquiry. However, these findings are preliminary as a single-center study with a limited sample size. Further large-scale, multi-center...

CONCLUSION: Research interest in PDT for gynecological diseases continues to rise, with HPV infection and PDT treatment as core directions. The efficient, safe evidence-based data extracted from the literature further consolidates PDT's potential as a preferred non-invasive treatment. Future research should strengthen international cooperation and clinical translation.

A number of key misidentification risk points occur during an in vitro fertilization cycle in the laboratory that require robust witnessing. Witnessing protocols, both manual and electronic, are described. In the event of a protocol deviation, guidance for grading, reporting, and risk mitigation is provided.

BACKGROUND: Regional and hierarchical disparities in gynecological care may compromise equity and quality in China. Assessing structural resources, clinical processes, and outcomes is critical to guide system improvement. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey of 376 public hospitals across 31 provinces, stratified by region (Eastern, Central, and Western) and hospital level (county vs. non-county). Participants included 3,094 gynecological physicians and 24,126 patients....

Current strategies for the assessment and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss are discussed. This replaces the previous document, titled, ‟Evaluation and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion," last published in 2012.

CONCLUSION: In this sample of obstetrics and gynecology journals, substantial differences were observed in journal policies and in the implementation of clinical trial registration and CONSORT-related reporting practices between Chinese- and English-language publications. These findings highlight the association between journal policies and reporting transparency, while underscoring the need for continued efforts to strengthen trial registration and reporting standards within the field.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of obstetrics and gynecology medical staff concerning enhanced recovery after cesarean section (ERAC).

BACKGROUND: E-learning has been widely adopted in medical education for its flexibility and ability to extend learning into resource-limited settings. However, uptake remains low in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with infrastructure and skill gaps limiting use. This study assessed e-learning utilization among Ethiopian obstetrics and gynecology specialists. METHODS: We conducted a multi-center cross-sectional survey of 316 Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) residents and...

Among the many symbols that appear in the medical literature, few have received as much attention as the letter 'P'. It is printed in almost every table, discussed in every result section and often treated as the final word in the interpretation of scientific findings. In reality, the P-value is neither over-rated nor under-rated. It is simply misunderstood. It is an important tool, but it is not the main factor that determines the value of a study. What matters is not the number itself, but how...

CONCLUSIONS: Applicants rely on a diverse constellation of resources, each offering distinct contributions to the decision-making process. Program websites emerged as the most frequently utilized resource, while residency fairs have limited use. This may underscore the desire of applicants for asynchronous resources and can guide programs to focus their efforts on more utilized platforms.

Obstetric and gynecological ultrasound has become one of the most important first-line diagnostic modalities in contemporary clinical practice, playing a central role in antenatal care, prenatal screening and gynecological diagnostics. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of obstetric and gynecological ultrasound in Hungary, its current national guideline framework and its integration into international standards, with particular emphasis on...

CONCLUSIONS: There is a growing population of women seeking care for conditions associated with menopause, and a persistent gap in quality care provided to patients with menopausal concerns. Midlife Services began operating in 2018. Similar programs have been created around the United States yet there is a paucity of studies describing the population of women accessing these services, the symptoms that drive them to seek care, and the treatments they are prescribed. The healthcare professionals...

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising biological agent in reproductive medicine, with validated efficacy in managing endometrial disorders and improving pregnancy outcomes in recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Specifically, PRP modulates uterine Natural Killer (uNK) cell cytotoxicity, drives macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype through the AMPK signaling pathway, and fine-tunes T cell subset balance and function. These coordinated immunomodulatory...

CONCLUSIONS: An SLOE was submitted by most applicants to OBGYN residency programs. Iterative modification of the SLOE based on PD, applicant, and faculty advisor feedback is needed to assess its utility in the application process.

CONCLUSION: EP management, even within a country with a homogeneous healthcare system, may demonstrate considerable heterogeneity, strongly influenced by institutional size. These findings highlight the need for national guidelines to ensure standardized and evidence-based care.

Gender disparities in physician-industry relationships remain poorly characterized in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. We analyzed the Open Payments database data (2018-2024) for United States obstetricians and gynecologists (OBGYNs). Gender was inferred using Social Security Administration datasets. Among 44 939 OBGYNs receiving 1 777 781 payments totalling $240 001 147, 59.3% were female. Female physicians received significantly lower cash payments per transaction (-$227.7). Among top 100 earners,...

Breast and pelvic examinations and participation in labour and delivery are essential yet challenging components of medical training. Simulation-based training (SBT) helps students acquire these sensitive skills. This study evaluated the effect of SBT on self-reported knowledge, confidence, and preparedness among 81 medical students during their Obstetrics and Gynecology clerkship. Pre- and post-training surveys assessed students' knowledge, confidence in performing labour and gynecologic...

Empathy is recognized as a critical factor in shaping attitudes toward organ donation among healthcare professionals. Given the continuous patient interaction and decision-making roles of obstetrics and gynecology specialists, the limited number of studies examining the link between empathy levels and attitudes toward postmortem organ donation represents a significant gap in literature. This study aims to investigate the relationship between empathy levels and attitudes toward postmortem organ...

BACKGROUND: Equity content is increasingly included in medical education, yet learners report difficulty translating these concepts into clinical practice. Obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) — given its legacy of reproductive inequity — offers a critical lens to examine current approaches to equity training. Thus, we ask how medical students and community advocates experience current efforts to teach equity and person-centered care in the Ob/Gyn undergraduate curriculum. We also ask for...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess current practices, perceptions, and perceived effectiveness of ChatGPT among gynecologic oncology professionals in academic and clinical settings. METHODS: A 23-item, international online survey was conducted between July and September 2025. Gynecologic oncology professionals were recruited via social media and snowball sampling. We evaluated demographics, awareness, utilization, and perceptions of ChatGPT-3.5 across different domains. RESULTS: Our respondents(n =...

CONCLUSIONS: A structured, longitudinal multimodal educational intervention significantly improved obstetrics and gynecology residents' preparedness to provide gender-affirming care. These findings support the integration of a formal transgender and gender-diverse health education curriculum into graduate medical education to enhance clinical competency and promote equitable health care.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated trust mediated the relationship between PCC and informational support. The results also indicated that pregnancy-related uncertainty functioned as a boundary condition, moderating the strength of the associations between PCC and trust and between trust and informational support, underscoring the importance of considering uncertainty in prenatal communication.