Radiology/Diagnostics – Pubmed Results

Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is widely used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening; however, its ability to predict clinically significant pathology may vary across patient populations. This study aimed to evaluate colonoscopy outcomes in FOBT-positive patients and to identify clinical factors associated with clinically significant colonoscopic findings. This retrospective single-center cohort study included 216 adult patients with positive FOBT results who underwent colonoscopy between 2018 and...

CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of adolescents meeting pediatric Rome IV criteria for IBS reported symptoms confined to menstruation, demonstrating a clinically relevant diagnostic overlap between dysmenorrhea and IBS. Because the Rome IV pediatric algorithm does not distinguish menstrual-only pain from chronic abdominal pain, menstrual-associated gastrointestinal symptoms may resemble those of IBS and complicate diagnostic decision-making. Further studies are needed to clarify whether...

Distinguishing complicated from uncomplicated acute appendicitis before surgery can support perioperative risk stratification among adults selected for appendectomy. We conducted an observational cohort study using de-identified data from an ongoing doctoral research program at a tertiary hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Adults with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT)-confirmed acute appendicitis who were selected for surgery and subsequently underwent appendectomy were included. In...

BACKGROUND: The San Diego Consensus for Laryngopharyngeal Symptoms (LPS) and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease (LRPD) describes a broad-based multidisciplinary management paradigm that focuses on mechanisms underlying symptoms to improve treatment outcomes.

Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is a chronic and frequently underrecognized complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. It represents a clinically significant manifestation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy and arises from a complex interplay of sustained hyperglycemia, oxidative and nitrosative stress, advanced glycation end-product accumulation, impaired insulin/IGF-1 signaling, lipid dysmetabolism, and inflammatory...

CONCLUSION: Clinical and technical success were not significantly different between EBD, ESP, and endoscopic stricturotomy for Crohn's disease-related strictures. However, adverse events and repeat procedures were higher in ESP and endoscopic stricturotomy when compared with EBD.

CONCLUSION: MRI-based radiomics demonstrates good diagnostic accuracy for predicting pCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer, although methodological heterogeneity and limited prospective validation remain challenges.

CONCLUSION: Our approach, integrating a Platelet Mitochondrial Depolarization Assay with ELISA, demonstrates how detection of platelet apoptosis and platelet-targeting antibodies, can complement clinical investigation in bleeding disorders that involve severe platelet dysfunction and thrombocytopenia.

CONCLUSION: Serum Ferritin could be a useful addition to CRC staging, showing a numerically higher AUC than current markers. Adding it to clinical practice may help refine stage assessment and guide treatment decisions. This study supports its potential as a supplementary tool for stage assessment in CRC management.

CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to integrate MRI findings with clinical factors in evaluating recurrence risk. Some measures of low muscle mass (sarcopenia), an enterocele or cul-de-sac hernia, and diabetes mellitus may be associated with recurrence. Diabetic control and sarcopenia are potentially modifiable through lifestyle interventions, highlighting opportunities for preoperative optimization. Larger-scale studies are warranted to validate these predictors and guide risk-stratified...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of cancer-related death, yet the benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors are limited to a small subset of patients, particularly those with microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient tumors. Most patients with microsatellite-stable disease derive little benefit, and even responsive subgroups show substantial heterogeneity and acquired resistance. These challenges highlight the need for biomarkers and therapeutic frameworks that can...

CONCLUSIONS: This AI-based framework provides objective and reproducible tissue-level quantification of CD histopathology and may complement routine pathologic assessment. By integrating structured quantitative outputs with heatmap-based visual review, it offers a practical pathologist-supervised approach for standardizing histologic evaluation in CD.

Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that causes amebic colitis, a leading cause of severe diarrheal disease worldwide, and amebic liver abscess, the most common extraintestinal manifestation of infection. The disease burden is highest in resource-limited settings but remains clinically important in travelers and men who have sex with men in non-endemic regions. Although most infections are asymptomatic, severe and fulminant disease is associated with high mortality, particularly among...

CONCLUSIONS: IBS severity identifies a clinically more severe FM phenotype with small fibre pathology. These findings are consistent with a possible interaction between gastrointestinal dysfunction and peripheral nerve involvement in FM, although mechanistic pathways require further investigation.

CONCLUSION: ACCESS demonstrates the feasibility of community-based FIT outreach outside traditional primary care pathways and provides insight into screening outcomes, follow-up challenges, and financial considerations within an urban safety-net health system.

CONCLUSION: A neonatal and paediatric FEES service can be safely implemented in a UK tertiary hospital using a joint SLT and ENT model. Simultaneous upper airway examination alongside FEES provided clinically meaningful information that frequently changed management. Findings support further multicentre work to establish national paediatric FEES pathways.

CONCLUSION: Although the three scores are correlated, clinically meaningful categorical discordance exists. Single-score assessment may therefore be misleading. Combined use of multiple validated continence scores with objective functional assessment is recommended for comprehensive ARM follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: Our real-life study confirmed the short-term effectiveness and safety of MIRI in patients with UC especially in relieving bowel urgency. The flexible induction schedule allows an additional gain in response and remission.

CONCLUSIONS: Five years after the release of the 2020 USMSTF guidelines, adherence to recommended colonoscopy follow-up surveillance guidelines remains suboptimal. These findings highlight persistent gaps in guideline implementation.

CONCLUSIONS: Older age, hematochezia, vomitus, recurrence intussusception, small-intestinal intussusception, thrombocytocrit and ascites are independent predictors of PLPs and may aid in risk stratification and guide the decision for surgical intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic landscape of AIG is diverse and evolves with disease progression. The high prevalence of BE, particularly its association with disease stage, challenges the conventional acid-reflux pathogenesis and suggests a role for duodenogastric reflux in the context of achlorhydria. While no single endoscopic feature can definitively stage AIG, a multimodal assessment combining WLE and ME-NBI provides valuable insights for diagnosis and stratification.

CONCLUSION: Multiplex PCR testing revealed a diverse, age-dependent spectrum of gastrointestinal pathogens with a substantial burden of co-infections. These findings highlight the importance of age-specific interpretation and careful clinical correlation of multiplex PCR results.

CONCLUSIONS: Constipation and bloating are common GI symptoms; however, bloating is a relatively nonspecific symptom with a complex pathophysiology. While specifically treating constipation may also improve bloating, this strategy does not improve bloating in all patients. There is a need for additional research to further understand the physiology of bloating. In an era when personalized medicine is becoming increasingly emphasized, understanding the pathophysiology of bloating for an...

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by late-stage diagnosis and a lack of reliable non-invasive biomarkers. This study aims to investigate the plasma bile acid (BA) profile to enhance the understanding of GC metabolism and identify potential diagnostic and prognostic tools. Methods: In a case-control design, 62 GC patients (stages I III) and 70 matched controls were recruited. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the concentrations of 48 metabolites in...

CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review provides a comprehensive cross-domain mapping of evidence on Cryptosporidium in Southeast Asia. The findings are expected to identify structural gaps in the regional evidence base, characterize diagnostic heterogeneity and its implications for surveillance utility, and support the development of integrated One Health surveillance strategies in the region.

CONCLUSION: Surgical resection of giant retroperitoneal tumors is feasible and can be performed safely with acceptable short-term outcomes when guided by careful preoperative planning and individualized operative strategy. Given the heterogeneity of tumor subtypes and limited follow-up, this case series should be interpreted as a demonstration of surgical feasibility and perioperative safety rather than oncologic efficacy. Tumor size and anatomical complexity remain the primary determinants of...

Hepatocellular carcinoma with duodenal involvement is a rare clinical entity with limited treatment options. Here, we report a case of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumor thrombus with metastatic involvement of the duodenum that resulted in a recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a 64-year-old male. Following comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, including endoscopy, imaging, and histopathological biopsy, the patient was managed with a multimodal approach that consisted of...

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is uncommon in children overall, but secondary MN is relatively common in younger children. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be complicated by kidney disease, but IBD complicated by MN is rarely reported. A 3-year-old boy diagnosed with very early onset IBD (VEO-IBD) a year earlier was incidentally found to have proteinuria via urine screening system. Laboratory tests revealed nephrotic syndrome with microscopic hematuria and signs of ongoing inflammation...

CONCLUSION: Post-stroke AP remains a significant complication, with a notable mortality rate. A lower GCS score independently predicted mortality, whereas ICU admission was significant only in the univariate analysis. The overall incidence of AP in our study was lower than rates reported in other populations, possibly reflecting differences in clinical practices, patient characteristics, or variability in diagnostic ascertainment rather than a true reduction in incidence.

CONCLUSIONS: This multicenter-validated nomogram may improve recurrence risk prediction in non-gastric GIST and may provide a useful reference for risk-adapted adjuvant therapy planning.

CONCLUSIONS: LCI-based VCE provides a neoplastic yield comparable to traditional DCE in patients with long-standing colonic IBD undergoing surveillance colonoscopy. As with other VCE modalities, LCI may be adopted as an alternative to DCE for dysplasia surveillance in IBD.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Pneumonia risk in hospitalized geriatric patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia arises from the accumulation of functional swallowing impairments rather than isolated endoscopic findings. A transparent, exclusively FEES-based multifeature score provides a pragmatic framework for risk stratification.

CONCLUSION: Sleep quality was not associated with the risk of dysphagia in older adults admitted to intensive care units.

CONCLUSIONS: FOCUS-MUSE DWI demonstrated higher image quality and T-staging accuracy than SS-EPI DWI in gastric cancer.

Data scarcity, inter-institutional stain variability, and privacy constraints are major challenges impeding the development of generalizable artificial intelligence models in digital pathology. Although recent generative adversarial network (GAN)-based synthesis approaches show promise, they struggle to preserve fine-grained nuclear morphology or maintain class-specific histological diversity. Moreover, existing diffusion-based studies have not sufficiently addressed class-conditional synthesis...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in its development. In the study, we examine the variation in gut microbial community composition among individuals diagnosed with CRC based on human fecal samples. A systematic search of online databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus up to March 2026, following the requirements outlined in the PRISMA guideline. The search strategy was based...

CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal capillariasis is an underrecognized foodborne infection with a consistent clinical and laboratory profile across study designs. Early diagnosis through repeated stool examination and timely treatment with benzimidazoles is critical to improving outcomes. Strengthening food safety practices and enhancing surveillance are essential to reduce disease burden.

Prognostic factors play a critical role in determining the outcome of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Despite being a high-risk population for GC, there is a lack of previous studies on personalized predictive models for prognosis in women with advanced GC. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the prognosis of women with advanced GC and to utilize these factors to establish a nomogram model for individualized prognosis prediction. Clinical data from 418 female patients with...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy, but ranks second in cancer-related mortality. CRC screening has been shown to decrease the incidence of CRC. However, screening methods are only effective if they are done. This is an analytical cross-sectional study done via a web-based questionnaire that was distributed in person and online. Convenient sampling methods were used to collect responses from adult males and females willing to participate in this study. The study included...

The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is increasing worldwide, and CRC survivors may have an elevated risk of second primary cancer (SPC). This retrospective study analyzed 13,302 CRC patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2018 at a Chinese high-volume cancer center, including 635 (4.77%) who developed SPC after CRC. Patients were stratified by age at CRC diagnosis (<50, 50-69, and ≥70 years) to identify risk factors, cancer types, and prognostic significance of SPC. Multivariable...

Anorectal melanoma (ARM) is one of the rarest and most aggressive subtypes of melanoma, representing less than 1% of all melanomas and 0.1-0.4% of anorectal malignancies. As a mucosal melanoma arising in sun-shielded sites, ARM exhibits distinct molecular features compared with cutaneous melanoma, including low tumor mutational burden, absent ultraviolet signatures, frequent KIT proto-oncogene Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (KIT) mutations (15-25%), and lower immunogenicity. These biological...

CONCLUSION: DG appears to be a clinically relevant but potentially underrecognized complication of T2D. Poor glycemic control, obesity, and longer duration of diabetes are associated with delayed gastric emptying. Limited agreement between symptom severity and objectively measured gastric emptying supports the continued role of gastric emptying scintigraphy as the diagnostic reference standard.

RATIONALE: Gastritis cystica profunda (GCP) is a rare gastric submucosal lesion without typical clinical symptoms. Its pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated, and there is no consensus regarding its treatment, which primarily includes surgical and endoscopic methods. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory liver condition characterized by elevated serum immunoglobulin G levels and multiple autoantibodies. Patients with AIH typically require long-term oral immunosuppressive therapy....

CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis in a child with severe IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy and asthma during ongoing omalizumab treatment and prolonged unsupervised reintroduction of cow's milk products. Causal inferences cannot be made, the case highlights the need to consider EoE in highly atopic patients who develop persistent upper gastrointestinal symptoms during dietary liberalization.

CONCLUSION: In MRI-defined high-risk patients, nICRT was associated with a higher pCR rate than nCRT. These findings suggest that pretreatment MRI-based stratification may help identify clinically relevant subgroups with different response patterns to intensified neoadjuvant treatment. However, the results should be considered exploratory and require prospective validation before clinical application.

CONCLUSION: Short-term online continuing education on GERD can effectively improve the cognitive level of physicians in medical consortiums, especially for physicians in primary hospitals and general practitioners.

CONCLUSIONS: This article reports a rare case of C. difficile infection in an infant presenting with persistent diarrhea and severe metabolic acidosis, which was initially diagnosed as Norovirus, despite the absence of obvious immune deficiency. This case emphasizes the importance of considering C. difficile infection in the differential diagnosis of unexplained diarrhea when routine tests are inconclusive.

CONCLUSION: ML may have potential value in supporting HSCR diagnosis, particularly when combined with imaging and clinical data. In histopathology, ML appears more likely to serve as an assistive tool to improve efficiency and potentially enhance diagnostic performance rather than replace expert interpretation. Further prospective multicenter studies are needed before routine clinical implementation.

CONCLUSION: In this cohort of Japanese children with acute appendicitis, the pelvic position was the most common appendiceal location. The retrocecal position was associated with lower ultrasonographic identification rates and a longer surgical duration, indicating greater diagnostic and technical challenges.

ObjectiveInflammation and immunohematological biomarkers are recognized as contributing factors in the progression of solid tumors. This study aimed to develop nomograms incorporating inflammatory and immunohematological biomarkers to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 432 patients with colorectal cancer at Yunnan Cancer Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022. Clinicopathologic data and blood samples were obtained at initial diagnosis before any...