Head and Neck Neoplasms – Pubmed

The purpose of this study was to distinguish physiological uptakes from pathological uptakes of the palatine tonsil (PT) in patients with lymphoma using positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) parameters, including standardized uptake value (SUV), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and carotid-tonsil SUVmax difference and ratio. We also aimed to investigate cutoff values for tonsillar lymphoma (TL), which was confirmed histopathologically. Medical...

It is important to identify the origin of ultrasonographic punctate echogenic foci (PEF), which represent microcalcifications, in cervical lymph nodes (LNs). This study aimed to explore the malignancy rate of LNs with PEF and investigate its association with their presence in primary thyroid cancer. This retrospective study included 315 LNs of patients who underwent US-guided fine-needle aspiration at a tertiary hospital in 2019. The LN with PEF group showed a significant association between PEF...

Polyphenolic stilbenes are plant-derived compounds that have attracted increasing interest for their potential anticancer properties. Among them, resveratrol is the most extensively investigated molecule. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents a major global health challenge due to its aggressive biological behavior, frequent late diagnosis, and limited improvement in survival outcomes despite advances in treatment. This review aims to summarize current experimental evidence on the...

CONCLUSIONS: Structured, pathology-informed GAN augmentation improved CNN classification of PNSTs, particularly for the morphologically heterogeneous perineurioma class. Intra-phenotypic expansion primarily improved rare-class sensitivity, whereas inter-phenotypic interpolation improved multiclass agreement and global robustness. These findings support morphology-driven synthetic enrichment as a clinically meaningful strategy to improve AI performance in underrepresented tumor entities and...

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) represents the most aggressive thyroid malignancy, characterized by rapid progression, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis. Conventional treatments remain largely ineffective, highlighting the need for novel therapies. Metabolic reprogramming, particularly the Warburg effect (WE), has emerged as a promising area of investigation. This review synthesizes current evidence on the role of WE in ATC and PDTC, integrating data from molecular profiling,...

Head and neck cancer (HNC), particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), remains a major clinical challenge due to its aggressive behavior, high recurrence rates, and frequent resistance to conventional therapies. Natural compounds, especially curcumin and its derivatives, have gained increasing attention as potential anticancer agents due to their ability to target multiple molecular pathways involved in tumor progression. This review critically evaluates the current preclinical and...

Objectives: The response to radioiodine therapy (RAI) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients is one of the most important factors that determines the treatment outcome and overall prognosis. The objective of this study is to determine the correlation between BRAF^(V600E) and TERT promoter (TERTp) mutation in tumor samples of DTC patients with the response to RAI as well as correlation with clinical and pathohistological features. Methods: Samples of 110 DTC patients (80 with...

Background and Objectives: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a biologically heterogeneous malignancy with variable clinical behavior and prognosis. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tumors represent a distinct subgroup; however, data from Eastern European populations remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association between HPV DNA status and nodal involvement in a Bulgarian HNSCC cohort and to explore whether HPV genotype distribution is related to nodal...

CONCLUSION: Tumor volume change rate is an independent prognostic factor in patients with ESCC treated with NICRT. Undergoing curative surgery six weeks after completion of neoadjuvant therapy may be associated with a better prognosis. However, given the limited sample size, this finding warrants further validation in large-scale prospective studies.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is characterized by aggressive progression, frequent metastasis, and heterogeneous therapeutic responses. Through integrated bulk transcriptomic datasets, single-cell analysis, clinical specimens, and NPC cell lines, we identified SLC44A4, a member of the choline transporter-like family, as a significantly downregulated gene in NPC. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that SLC44A4 expression was negatively associated with oxidative phosphorylation-related genes, DNA...

CONCLUSIONS: The model's overall predictive performance was above-average;however, the calibration was suboptimal. Therefore, recalibration using a Canadian dataset is warranted. Further studies are required to refine the model for Canadian populations.

Hidrocystomas are benign cystic skin tumours of sweat gland origin which often involve the eyelids but are usually solitary. We report the case of a middle-aged man with multiple bilateral eyelid hidrocystomas, palmoplantar keratoderma, hypodontia and nail dystrophy, in keeping with a diagnosis of Schöpf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome, an exceedingly rare ectodermal dysplasia. Hyperprolactinaemia was found on testing, and radiology revealed an incidental prolactinoma. Raised serum prolactin has not...

Endolymphatic sac tumors are rare neoplasms arising from the posterior aspect of the petrous temporal bone and are characterized by locally aggressive behavior with significant bone destruction. Although they may occur sporadically, a well-established association with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease has been reported. This study aimed to characterize the clinical features, management, and long-term outcomes of a consecutive series of seven patients treated at a tertiary referral center,...

CONCLUSION: Post-radiotherapy xerostomia is highly prevalent and independently associated with clinically meaningful OHRQoL impairment, underscoring the need for optimized counselling and structured supportive care. Management was dominated by low-threshold behavioural strategies, while prescription sialogogues were used by only a minority of respondents and were rated less effective in terms of perceived benefit.

Background and Objectives: Head and neck cancers are heterogeneous malignancies with variable biological behavior and treatment response, contributing to high morbidity and mortality. Conventional imaging techniques are limited in their ability to capture tumor biology, highlighting the need for advanced functional imaging. This review aims to evaluate the role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in characterizing the tumor microenvironment. Materials and Methods: A narrative...

Background and Objectives: Sinonasal carcinomas are heterogeneous malignancies often associated with poor prognosis because of the locally advanced stage at presentation and high recurrence rates. Easily accessible prognostic biomarkers are therefore of increasing clinical interest. Systemic inflammatory blood markers have shown prognostic value in several solid tumors, but their role in sinonasal carcinomas remains unclear. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was performed according to...

CONCLUSIONS: AI shows potential to support histopathologic detection and grading of OED, but current evidence remains insufficient for clinical implementation. Future studies require standardized reference standards, transparent reporting, patient-level validation, external multicenter testing, and prospective evaluation in real diagnostic workflows.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCA) represents one of the most common aggressive malignancies worldwide. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), a typical member of the IGF superfamily, is closely linked to adverse prognosis in numerous cancers. Up to now, little is known about its functional relevance to cell migration and tumor progression in ESCA. This work focuses on clarifying the relationship between IGFBP1 expression and the progression and migratory...

The long non-coding RNA Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is implicated in cancer progression, yet its precise mechanism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), particularly its interaction with microRNAs and its role in regulating autophagy, remains to be fully elucidated. We analyzed MALAT1 and miR-28-5p expression in NPC clinical tissues and assessed their correlation with autophagy markers. The direct binding between MALAT1 and miR-28-5p, and between miR-28-5p and...

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequently develops within chronically injured oral mucosa and may be preceded by clinically recognizable oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which provide an important window for cancer interception. This review examines how etiological exposures, persistent inflammation, and lesion-specific epithelial-stromal-immune interactions cooperate during the transition from mucosal injury to dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive OSCC. Major...

CONCLUSION: Daily intraoral PBM therapy using an LED-based device was safe, well tolerated, and significantly reduced the incidence of severe OM and associated complications in HNC patients undergoing IMRT with or without concurrent chemotherapy. These findings align with guidelines recommending daily intraoral PBM therapy for preventing cancer therapy-related OM, a dose-limiting toxicity for which effective preventive interventions are needed.

The thyroid gland is particularly vulnerable to the effects of environmental pollutants, due to its high vascularization, dependence on iodine uptake, and intrinsic oxidative environment required for hormone biosynthesis. Therefore, environmental exposure to heavy metals (HMs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has emerged as a potential contributor to thyroid dysfunction and carcinogenesis. Despite increasing interest, the clinical relevance of these exposures remains incompletely...

We report a 68-year-old man with anti-Yo/Purkinje cytoplasmic autoantibody type 1 (PCA-1)-associated rapidly progressive cerebellar syndrome in the underlying oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The patient developed subacute cerebellar ataxia, and brain MRI demonstrated progressive cerebellar atrophy. Anti-Yo/PCA-1 antibodies were detected by immunoblotting, and IgG reactivity against cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2 (CDR2) and 2-like (CDR2L) was identified using a...

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid progression, early metastasis, and extremely poor survival outcomes. Effective therapeutic options remain limited, highlighting the need for efficient and biologically relevant preclinical drug-discovery platforms. In this study, high-throughput compound screening using human ATC cell lines identified ANC-3 as a potential anticancer candidate. Its antitumor activity was evaluated through...

CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence supports surgical feasibility after neoadjuvant immunotherapy and immunochemotherapy in HNSCC but does not establish a universally validated optimal interval. For many PD-1-based immunochemotherapy regimens, avoiding unnecessary delay beyond 3 weeks after treatment completion appears evidence-aligned when toxicity recovery, wound-healing considerations, and operative logistics permit, but this position remains provisional and requires prospective validation....

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, largely due to therapeutic resistance and the limited availability of effective targeted therapies. Aloperine (ALO), a natural alkaloid derived from Sophora alopecuroides L., exhibits anti-cancer properties in various tumor types; however, its therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism in ESCC remain unclear. Here, we report that ALO inhibited ESCC cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-...

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the need for a targeted, cancer-specific approach to address delays, with a focus on strengthening diagnostic services and improving system efficiency within the healthcare infrastructure. Implementing multi-pronged strategies for early detection, timely care, and prevention is crucial in reducing the cancer burden in this high-risk region.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that, in Bangladeshi patients, specific dietary and lifestyle factors, rather than HPV infection or TERT promoter mutations, contribute significantly to OSCC development. Targeted public health strategies emphasizing nutritional awareness and cessation of betel-quid use are recommended.

CONCLUSION: The essential oil of Salvia palaestina demonstrates promising anti cancer activity, characterized by concentration dependent cytotoxicity and a favorable safety index, supporting its potential as a selective anticancer agent.

CONCLUSION: Together, these data suggest that mucin genes, specifically MUC16 and MUC5B, are important for oral carcinogenesis in the absence of tobacco and alcohol. These results are relevant given the increasing clinical utility of mucins as druggable targets in cancer, particularly MUC16.

CONCLUSION: In this most comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of HNC, we demonstrate profound racial and ethnic disparities in tumor sites, treatments, and survival. This study provides critical evidence to guide health policy, resource allocation, and clinical practice aimed at closing longstanding equity gaps in head and neck cancer care.

Esophageal cancer surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and anastomotic leakage remains a critical determinant of outcomes. Although thoracic inlet size has been linked to complications in retrosternal reconstruction, its role in posterior mediastinal reconstruction is unclear. In this retrospective study, 67 patients who underwent esophagectomy with posterior mediastinal reconstruction were analyzed. Thoracic inlet measurements were obtained from preoperative computed...

Advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction (gastric/GOJ) adenocarcinomas have poor outcomes, and the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) remains limited. Bavituximab is a phosphatidylserine-targeting monoclonal antibody that modulates the immune and vascular tumour microenvironment. This Phase 2, open-label, multinational study evaluated bavituximab plus pembrolizumab in previously treated advanced gastric/GOJ. Patients were stratified into CPI-naïve (n = 61) and CPI-relapse (n =...

CONCLUSIONS: Advanced RAI-R TC candidates for systemic therapy often harbor gene alterations. An adequate result was less frequently achieved in cases of RNA-based NGS than in DNA-based NGS, especially if the interval between tissue collection and molecular analysis was longer; nevertheless, the limited cohort size precludes definitive conclusions.

Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) frequently causes severe pain and treatment interruptions in patients with head and neck cancer. While earlier guidelines suggested zinc supplementation, updated MASCC/ISOO guidelines downgraded it to 'No Guideline Possible' due to highly conflicting evidence. This study aims to resolve these inconsistencies by evaluating zinc's prophylactic efficacy and investigating whether the route of administration determines its clinical benefit. Following PRISMA...

CONCLUSIONS: MRI-based radiomics and AI show preliminary promise for prognostic stratification in OTSCC, particularly recurrence-related risk refinement, but current evidence remains limited by retrospective design, heterogeneity, sparse external validation, and low certainty.

The prognostic value of post-radiotherapy (RT) lymphocyte recovery remains unclear in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and tools to predict recovery are lacking. This study evaluated lymphocyte recovery as a survival predictor and developed a prediction model. We analyzed 233 patients (2019-2024; training:validation = 7:3). Lymphocyte recovery was assessed at 1 and 3 months post-RT (ΔALC(1) > 0.41 and ΔALC(3) > 0.25 × 10⁹/L, calculated as ALC at each time point minus...

CONCLUSION: The prognostic prediction model based on the influencing factors had high predictive value. The immune-related genes were correlated with the abundance of immune cell infiltration; the above correlation has been partially validated in the TCGA database.

CONCLUSION: Nutritional deterioration is common during chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment, together with objective indices such as the Nutritional Risk Index, may help identify patients requiring timely nutritional intervention and swallowing support during treatment.

Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of chemoresistance in esophageal cancer (EC). In this study, we examined the role of the lncRNA XIST in tumor progression and cisplatin resistance. Transcriptomic profiling of parental (KYSE140) and cisplatin-resistant (CISR) EC cell lines identified XIST as a key regulator associated with the resistant phenotype. Clinical evaluation of EC specimens further revealed significant upregulation of XIST in tumor...

CONCLUSION: Microcalcifications, irregular margins, a taller-than-wide morphology, and internal vascularity were increasingly observed during follow-up and may be associated with malignancy, warranting closer surveillance. The C-TIRADS demonstrates diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of the Kwak TI-RADS, thereby reinforcing its clinical utility in the management of thyroid nodules.

CONCLUSION: Universal incorporation of staging laparoscopy into treatment algorithms for operable gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma is challenging in many settings due to resource and economic constraints. While established guidelines endorse SL in selected scenarios, our findings suggest that, in addition to these proven indications, the consideration of SL in patients with linitis plastica morphology, tumour thickness >15 mm, signet ring cell carcinoma histology, and even mild ascites can further...

This topical Collection presents a series of studies that examine molecular mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies relevant to oral cancer. The included investigations explore topics ranging from metastasis-associated pathways and immune evasion to emerging detection technologies such as deep learning-based impedance spectroscopy and volatile organic compound analysis. Together, these studies reflect the growing convergence of molecular oncology, digital diagnostics, and...

CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that GAS8-AS1 may function as a tumor suppressor in DTCs, with its downregulation associated with disease progression and metastasis. The consistent loss of GAS8-AS1 expression and its functional impact on tumor progression suggest that it may serve as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in DTCs.

CONCLUSION: Behavioural realignment of endogenous melatonin rhythms was associated with sustained reductions in systemic inflammation and fewer adverse events in oesophageal-cancer survivors. Routine circadian-hygiene counselling combined with simple salivary monitoring may help support long-term oncologic and cardiometabolic health.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy, and inflammation and immune dysregulation contribute to its pathogenesis. Interleukin (IL)17A's role has been demonstrated in PTC. Genetic variants in IL17A may affect susceptibility and progression; however, their impact in the Chinese population remains insufficiently understood. This hospital-based case-control study included 272 patients with PTC and 250 age/sex-matched controls. Four IL17A single-nucleotide...

CONCLUSION: Integrated assessment of nodule size, Doppler vascularity, American Thyroid Association risk stratification, and strain elastography significantly enhances the predictive accuracy for malignancy in nodules with indeterminate cytology. These multiparametric indices provide essential guidance for optimizing surgical indications and clinical management in cases of diagnostic uncertainty.

ObjectivesShort video platforms have become the main channel for the public to obtain information about cancer. In recent years, TikTok has gradually become an important source of health information for Chinese patients. This study aims to assess the content, quality and reliability of videos related to tongue cancer on the Tiktok platform.MethodsFrom November 11 to 12, 2025, we searched for "tongue cancer" on TikTok platform. Based on the filtering criteria, collect information for the videos...

CONCLUSIONS: Analyses of recent data from the Medicare and MarketScan databases showed that most treated patients with HER2-negative advanced G/GEJC received standard chemotherapy in the 1L setting. Treatment of advanced G/GEJC remains associated with poor rwOS and high economic burden, suggesting significant remaining unmet need.

PURPOSE: To explore the preirradiation dental screening experiences of patients with head and neck cancer and how this understanding can contribute to the enhancement of nursing practice.