Gestastional Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication associated with adverse health outcomes. Health risks are reduced when GDM is well-controlled. Education and social support are key to optimal management; yet support people are rarely included in education. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 healthcare providers (i.e., physicians, dieticians) to understand their perspectives on a) the role of support people in self-management, and b) including support people...

CONCLUSION: Mid-pregnancy maternal serum RANKL levels are associated with an increased risk of SGA. Serum RANKL may serve as a potential indicator for risk assessment of adverse birth outcomes. These findings provide new clues for understanding the aetiology of adverse birth outcomes.

Placenta-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, serve as key mediators that influence metabolic programming in offspring under adverse early nutritional conditions, such as maternal obesity or gestational diabetes. They respond to maternal nutritional disturbances-such as obesity or gestational diabetes-by altering the composition of the miRNAs and proteins they carry. Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies suggests that these modified EVs influence offspring metabolic...

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) adversely affects offspring neurobehavioral outcomes, yet evidence regarding continuous markers of maternal glucose metabolism remains limited. Although polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to affect associations between glucose metabolism and respiratory outcomes, their effects on children's emotional and behavioral problems remain unclear. This study investigated the association between maternal glucose metabolism and emotional and...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as one of the most common metabolic disorders occurring during pregnancy, represents a significant public health concern due to its rising prevalence and the numerous complications that can affect both the mother and the foetus. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of omics technologies, such as metabolomics and proteomics, in research on the pathogenesis and early detection of GDM. The aim of this paper was to summarise the current...

Intellectual disability (ID) and global developmental delay (GDD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that place significant lifelong burdens on affected individuals and families. However, modifiable perinatal risk factors remain underexplored in multicenter Chinese populations. In this multicenter, frequency-matched case-control study, we aimed to identify independent familial and perinatal risk factors for ID/GDD and to standardize terminology for language impairment-related comorbidities. We...

CONCLUSION: GDM is highly prevalent among pregnant women attending tertiary care facilities in Bangladesh. Advanced maternal age, positive family history of diabetes, and PCOS are important independent predictors. Early risk-based screening and preventive interventions may help reduce maternal and fetal complications associated with GDM.

CONCLUSION: Elevated liver enzymes, especially GGT and HSI, are associated with increased GDM risk at a population level. However, high heterogeneity and very low certainty of evidence limit current clinical applicability, warranting further prospective validation.

CONCLUSION: Indoor artificial light exposure and electronic device use are significant independent risk factors for GDM, demonstrating clear dose-response relationships and a synergistic effect. Outdoor protective measures can effectively reduce GDM risk. These findings suggest that reducing prolonged screen time and indoor artificial light exposure, as well as adopting outdoor protective measures, may be associated with lower odds of GDM. Intervention studies are needed to evaluate whether...

CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of NHR and UHR in early pregnancy are positively correlated with the development of GDM. They constitute independent risk factors for its onset and possess a certain degree of predictive value, thereby providing a reference for the early clinical prevention and management of GDM.

Pregnancy and diabetes increase the risk of developing pathologies in the oral cavity. Saliva biomarkers can be used as diagnostic markers in the monitoring of dental diseases. The study aimed to evaluate hard dental tissue health in pregnant women with two forms of diabetes and salivary antioxidant activity to identify optimal non-invasive caries risk factors. The study involved 104 pregnant women: 35 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 30 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and...

CONCLUSIONS: hsa_circ_0003218 improves trophoblast function in GDM by blocking the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB cascade and preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

CONCLUSION: TSP-4 knockdown promotes proliferation, migration, glucose uptake, reduces inflammation, and regulates the expression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in trophoblast cell lines under HG conditions, suggesting a potential role for TSP-4 in the pathophysiology of GDM.

CONCLUSION: The available evidence suggests that combined aerobic and resistance exercise is associated with enhanced glycemic control and improved lipid metabolism in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus, and the incidence of certain adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes may be reduced. However, given the substantial heterogeneity observed among the included studies, the interpretation of pooled estimates warrants caution. Further validation through additional high-quality randomized...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasingly recognized as a complex pathology rooted in systemic and organelle-level dysfunction, specifically involving chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI), mitochondrial impairment, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Central to this pathophysiology is mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by reduced respiration, impaired metabolic flexibility, and dysregulated fission/fusion machinery, which fuels a self-perpetuating cycle of reactive oxygen...

Background/Objectives: Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring; however, its long-term effects on brain aging remain unclear. This study investigated whether maternal hyperglycemia induces persistent molecular and behavioral alterations in aged male offspring and whether maternal palmitoleic acid supplementation exerts protective effects. Methods: The pregnant rats were divided into four groups: PCM, PDM, PDM/CPA, and PDM/TPA. Male offspring...

Background/Objectives: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) involves metabolic alterations that may affect breast milk composition. Imbalances in protein and fatty acid (FA) profiles have been reported in mature milk from mothers with GDM. However, evidence for colostrum and transitional milk is limited, despite the key role of ω-3 and ω-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in neonatal neurodevelopment. This study compared ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs and protein concentrations in colostrum and...

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) continues to rise, necessitating reliable and effective self-management strategies to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, current self-management models face challenges, including insufficient data monitoring and analysis, delayed modifications to treatment protocols, and excessive reliance on manual processes. With the expanding application of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, its potential value in the self-management...

CONCLUSION: We found no consistent evidence of an association between residential proximity to active oil and gas development at conception and the risk of gestational diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS: As a WeChat-delivered, behavior change wheel-informed intervention, WeMNT successfully reduced 2hPG, HbA1c, and GWG in GDM management. Its integrated self-management model yields robust evidence, validating this patient-centered tool as a viable option for clinical adoption.

CONCLUSIONS: In individuals with prior GDM, fructosamine captured adverse glycemic patterns, especially variability and provided information complementary to HbA1c, supporting its use as a practical adjunct where CGM is unavailable.

CONCLUSION: The results could assist policymakers and healthcare providers in designing guidelines and strategies to implement lifestyle interventions for GDM management to enhance the QOL of pregnant women with GDM.

CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D assessment and individualized supplementation should be integrated into routine prenatal care. Obstetricians should implement screening protocols particularly for high-risk pregnant women.

CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with IGT rarely receive targeted interventions during pregnancy or delivery hospitalization. This innovative study demonstrates that individuals with IGT have high rates of uptake for postpartum SMS text messaging support, which tripled completion rates of HbA1c screening within 1 year postpartum and doubled the scheduling rate for PCP visits by 12 weeks postpartum. While attendance at scheduled PCP visits was very high, <60% of PCP visits included IGT counseling,...

CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of starvation ketosis in pregnancy involves aggressive caloric replacement through dextrose infusions and insulin supplementation. Early intervention and maintaining a high index of clinical suspicion are crucial to prevent adverse complications for both mother and fetus.

CONCLUSIONS: GDM subtypes defined by insulin resistance and β-cell function exhibit marked heterogeneity in glycometabolic profiles and pregnancy outcomes. The combined defect subtype (GDM-M) carries the highest risk of adverse maternal-neonatal events and may warrant the most intensive monitoring. These findings support pathophysiological subtyping for risk stratification, but causal inference is limited by the observational, single-center design; validation in multicenter, multi-ethnic...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major contributor to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although the involvement of ferroptosis in GDM pathogenesis has been recognized, the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study is aimed at investigating the potential regulatory effects of metformin (Met) on ferroptosis in GDM. Patients with GDM were stratified into four groups: diet-controlled (Group 1), nonmedicated (Group 2), Met-treated (Group Met), insulin-treated (Group Ins),...

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with GDM showed an unbalanced dietary intake pattern, which was more pronounced in the group with higher exposure to UPFs. However, prenatal UPF exposure did not significantly affect the patients' oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. Nonetheless, excessive UPF consumption during pregnancy may increase the risk of cesarean section.

CONCLUSION: this study reveals marked disparities between public and private sectors in the management of GDM in Morocco, largely influenced by economic resources. Strengthening public sector capacity is necessary to enhance the equity and efficiency of care.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that integrating multimodal data improved the assessment of fetal lung development in GDM and PE. By linking imaging features with molecular and histopathological alterations, the proposed framework provides new methodological and biological insights and suggests a potential non-invasive strategy for monitoring fetal lung development in high-risk pregnancies.

CONCLUSION: Clinically healthy term infants born to diabetic mothers exhibit measurable impairments in RFTs at birth, accompanied by altered cord blood adipokine profiles, suggesting a potential role for adipokines as early biomarkers of respiratory vulnerability.

CONCLUSION: A higher FT3/FT4 ratio in early and mid-pregnancy was associated with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and was positively associated with GDM risk, suggesting its potential role as a supplementary marker for early risk stratification of GDM.

CONCLUSION: First-trimester hematological inflammatory indices, including the novel IIC and MCVL, are associated with subsequent development of GDM. Furthermore, these indices offer moderate predictive accuracy when derived from routine antenatal blood tests. The clinical usefulness of these findings necessitates prospective validation in larger, multicenter cohorts.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder of pregnancy associated with maternal metabolic disturbances, placental dysfunction, and adverse fetal outcomes. However, data on placental histopathological and apoptotic alterations in experimental models remain limited. This study evaluated the protective effects of an ethanolic extract of propolis on metabolic, hematological, oxidative, and placental structural changes in a rat model of diabetes induced during gestation using...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects ~14% of pregnancies and increases maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. The GenDiP Consortium presents trans-generational, multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analyses of GDM and pregnancy glycemic traits in up to 38,305 GDM cases and 776,145 controls. We identify 37 GDM-associated loci (7 novel) and five novel loci for pregnancy glycemic traits, all operating through the maternal genome. We classify 12 GDM variants with stronger...

CONCLUSIONS: In women undergoing OGTT because of risk factors or clinical suspicion of GDM, pre-pregnancy BMI, fasting glucose measured at the time of OGTT, and 2-hour post-load glucose demonstrate distinct patterns of association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. These findings suggest heterogeneous patterns of dysglycemia-related risk, alongside the independent contribution of BMI, in a risk-based screening population.

Exposure to environmental pollutants intricately contributes to the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), thus it is imperative to identify the key contaminants which may induce GDM risk in humans. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on a total of 112 epidemiological studies to clarify the environmental risk factors for GDM occurrence. A total of 10 air pollutants, 26 metal elements, and 8 categories of organic compounds were examined. Fixed- and random-effect...

CONCLUSION: Both GDM and HDP independently increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and their coexistence exerts a synergistic effect that amplifies maternal and neonatal risk. The nonlinear dose-response pattern between SBP and adverse outcomes highlights that even mild elevations in blood pressure can have detrimental effects.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support adopting region-specific GWG standards for twin pregnancies in Asian populations.

According to recent meta-analyses of clinical studies, certain plants and spices improve glycemic control. This article presents several spices with clinically significant hypoglycemic effects that have been studied outside of pregnancy: ginger, psyllium, black cumin, nettle, cinnamon, fenugreek, aloe vera, and bitter melon. Regarding pregnancy, a pilot study conducted at the CHUV evaluated the feasibility of integrating some of these spices in women with gestational diabetes. Adherence was...

CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy can serve as a "teachable moment" for dietary behaviour change, but sustainable behaviour change requires the use of person-centred care, access to credible education, early initiation, continuous reinforcement and shared social support.

CONCLUSION: These findings point to leptin, adiponectin, FLI, and LAR as possible metabolic indicators of GDM-linked insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation. Higher maternal leptin, LAR, and FLI, alongside stable sLeptinR, signal leptin resistance, which disrupts placental nutrient transport and links maternal metabolic stress to fetal anthropometric measures. Tracking these markers could guide postnatal steps to cut long-term metabolic risks across the next generations.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent metabolic disease during pregnancy which has long-term effects on maternal and child health. Although per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are related to metabolic diseases, the role of the newly emerged short-chain PFAS in GDM remains unclear. Here, we integrated a population-based investigation, systems toxicology, molecular simulations, and experimental validation to clarify the relationship between certain PFAS and the pathogenesis of...

Backgroud and Objectives: To evaluate conventional Doppler indices and the novel middle cerebral artery (MCA) diastolic deceleration area (DDA) in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to explore their associations with perinatal outcomes. Prospective case-control study conducted at a tertiary referral perinatology center. Materials and Methods: The study included 83 women with GDM and 92 healthy controls. Standard fetal biometric and Doppler parameters-umbilical...

This prospective study evaluated first-trimester markers in pregnancies with isolated and combined forms of fetal growth disorders and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Among 1869 screened women, the analysis included 83 controls, 55 GDM, 22 isolated intrauterine growth restriction (iIUGR), and 33 isolated large-for-gestational-age (iLGA) cases, with GDM subgroups stratified by fetal growth (GDM with normal fetal weight, GDM + IUGR, and GDM + LGA). First-trimester clinical and routine...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exposes the fetus to chronic hyperglycemia, promoting early cardiac remodeling and increasing the risk of diabetic cardiomyopathy later in life. Epigenetic regulators such as p53 tumor suppressor gene (p53), microRNA-34a (miR-34a), and the sirtuins 1 and 7 (SIRT1/SIRT7) may contribute to this programming process; however, their temporal dynamics during postnatal cardiac development remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize structural and molecular...

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with metabolic disturbances extending beyond glucose homeostasis, including alterations in lipid metabolism. However, evidence on the fatty acid composition of maternal serum lipids in GDM remains inconsistent, and data on placental fatty acid transfer are limited. This study aimed to explore associations between maternal serum lipid fatty acid composition, selected FA indices, and transplacental transfer of fatty acids derived from...

Although observational research shows that physical activity and sedentary behavior are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), lipid, and body mass index (BMI), their causal direction and potential mediating mechanism are still unclear, which limits the development of precise prevention strategies. Based on the genetic data on the European ancestry population, the study aimed to investigate the causal relationship of GDM with physical activity and sedentary behavior...

CONCLUSIONS: This multi-modal framework demonstrates superior performance compared to single-biomarker approaches, enabling risk stratification from very low (4% GDM prevalence) to very high risk (90% prevalence). At the cutoff 0.4, the model identifies 78% of future GDM cases at 10-12 weeks while maintaining an 18% false-positive rate, potentially enabling early interventions to prevent GDM development and associated complications.

CONCLUSION: In this population of pregnant women, the prevalence of hyperglycemia varied according to the diagnostic criteria used, with the prevalence of the disease being lower as the criteria became stricter. Lastly, the criteria showed moderate agreement when compared collectively and individually to FIGO15.