Contraception pubmed results

CONCLUSIONS: Pre-diagnostic contraception use may influence ovarian tumor immunity and may modulate cancer susceptibility.

CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1 RAs represent a promising adjunct therapy for adolescents with obesity, T2DM, and PMOS, but long-term skeletal, reproductive, psychological, and endocrine outcomes remain uncertain. Careful patient selection, bone health monitoring, incorporation of resistance exercise, contraceptive counseling, and screening for disordered eating may be essential when these therapies are considered in adolescent populations.

Two major challenges for developers of drug-releasing vaginal rings are (i) the formulation and release of hydrophilic water-soluble actives, which generally require novel ring designs, very high drug loadings, and/or inclusion of substances to modify the release mechanism and enhance release, and (ii) the incorporation and release of multiple actives, particularly when the actives have very different solubility/permeability characteristics. In this study, as part of ongoing efforts to develop...

CONCLUSION: To increase the very low DFPSM in Nigeria using different types of MCs, government policies/interventions aimed at improving the educational level of girls beyond the primary level should be implemented. A greater concentration should be within communities with low age at first marriage/cohabitation, high polygyny, and high fertility clusters.

Spermatogenesis is a highly coordinated biological process in which diploid spermatogonia undergo mitotic expansion, meiotic division, and terminal differentiation into haploid spermatozoa. This process is tightly regulated by intrinsic germ cell programs and extrinsic signals from Sertoli cells within the seminiferous epithelium. Among the signaling pathways governing male germ cell development, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), a bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, has emerged as a master regulator...

CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that hormonal factors may influence TMD risk and symptom presentation in women. However, heterogeneity in definitions of hormonal exposure and diagnostic criteria limits definitive conclusions. Further prospective studies using standardized diagnostic protocols and real-time biochemically validated hormonal assessments correlated with clinical symptoms are needed.

Aphasia is a complex neurological syndrome that includes a multitude of signs and symptoms that describe a patient's inability to use language (understanding and producing spoken and/or written language) after it has already been acquired, which is caused by cerebral lesions situated in the dominant (left) cerebral hemisphere in right-handed people. Aphasia has a prevalence of 25-30% in acute ischemic stroke (especially in arterial infarcts). In patients who suffered cerebral venous and dural...

CONCLUSION: AYAs often participate in at-risk behaviours while on MTX, which they do not discuss often with their rheumatologist. This study identified gaps and educational opportunities about MTX for AYAs, which can be shared through health care providers, online resources, or pamphlets.

CONCLUSIONS: S-NICE was associated with favourable trends in adolescent sexual and reproductive health outcomes and demonstrated strong implementation performance in routine health system settings. Although causal effects could not be conclusively established in a quasi-experimental study, our findings suggest that structured, data-driven, multisectoral implementation strategies may strengthen adolescent- and youth-friendly health services delivery in low-resource contexts. Longer-term and...

STUDY QUESTION: Can oocyte maturation be adapted to a phenotypic assay within a drug screening pipeline to identify compounds that block meiotic progression for female non-hormonal contraceptive drug discovery?

CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid function before diagnosis does not appear to play a major role in bc survival. Although subgroup-specific associations were identified, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to limited statistical power and warrant confirmation in independent populations.

CONCLUSION: The observed reduction in inequality in modern contraceptive use in Lesotho from 2004 to 2023 reflects meaningful progress in women's reproductive autonomy. This could be explained by improvements in education, health service access, empowerment, and social change. Sustaining these gains will depend on continued investments in the health system, educational opportunities, and community-engaged approaches that are culturally sensitive to respond to the contraceptive barriers and...

Vulvovaginal infections contribute substantially to women's reproductive morbidity, yet little is known about the determinants of non-albicans Candida (NAC) in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding population-level drivers is critical for prevention and control. We conducted a hospital-based analytic cross-sectional study among 314 symptomatic women aged 18-49 years presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge at the gynecologic clinic of Mubende Regional Referral Hospital, Central Uganda, between 1st...

CONCLUSIONS: This pilot trial is expected to generate evidence on the effectiveness of structured, client-centered counseling strategies in comparison to conventional routine practices, showing improved uptake of contraceptive use and satisfaction in Pakistan. The findings are expected to facilitate the design of comprehensive and scaled-up trials and guide national family planning programs and the integration of rights-based counseling strategies.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to identify, map, and synthesize evidence on the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information needs of youth 15-24 years living with epilepsy, congenital heart disease (CHD), or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the USA and Canada, and identify barriers and facilitators to access to SRH information and services.

Health, social, and ethical considerations highlight the need for new male contraceptives. Pimozide is an FDA approved drug known to block T-type calcium channels and which shares structural similarities with mibefradil, a proven antagonist of the CatSper channel. In this study, we examined the effect of pimozide on CatSper, a key target for non-hormonal male contraception. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to assess how pimozide binds within the channel pore,...

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CONCLUSIONS: AI can enhance the reach, precision, and effectiveness of NP practice while advancing patient and family-centered care; however, implementation requires pediatric and AYA specific validation, equity-centered design, transparent governance, privacy safeguards, and clinician oversight.

CONCLUSIONS: Contraceptive use was dominated by short-acting methods, with low but age-increasing IUD uptake. Younger women more frequently reported at least one missed OC pill, greater concern after missed pills, and more frequent recent emergency contraception use. Interpretation should consider mainly the use of non-probability quota sampling, the absence of weighting, and reliance on self-reported questionnaire data.

CONCLUSION: This study identified major gaps in the implementation of preconception IFAS within the Ethiopian healthcare system. Women with a history of spontaneous abortion who decline contraceptive use represent an overlooked group with unmet preconception nutritional needs. Strengthening policy, training and community awareness is essential. Future implementation research is needed to support integration of preconception IFAS and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes, contributing to...

CONCLUSIONS: The acceptance of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device was low, that is 12.5%, maternal education, occupation, monthly income and attitude of women were associated with acceptance. Addressing women's awareness by using target-oriented health education and training of healthcare workers was recommended.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1136/bmjph-2024-001671.].

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings suggest that, while many pregnancies exposed to ICIs result in live births, there may be an increased risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. However, causality cannot be established due to the limited quality and quantity of available data. These findings underscore the importance of effective contraception during ICI therapy and careful multidisciplinary counseling when exposure occurs during pregnancy.

Ectopic pregnancy, a rare entity, represents a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the first trimester, with the fallopian tube being the most common implantation site. While intrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective contraceptives that reduce overall pregnancy risk, contraceptive failure with an IUD in situ is associated with a slightly higher rate of ectopic pregnancy compared to women not using contraception. This case report describes an 8-week and 4-day...

CONCLUSIONS: While initial diagnostic services are largely implemented, significant gaps remain in preventive, therapeutic and follow-up care for survivors of sexual violence. This underscores the need to strengthen hospital-based OSCs in Ethiopia to provide comprehensive, survivor-centred care.

Independent community pharmacies serve as critical healthcare access points in rural areas, yet they consistently underperform chain pharmacies on contraceptive access measures. This narrative commentary draws on mystery caller studies, implementation research, and policy analyses to examine pharmacy-based contraceptive access in the United States (US). Using emergency contraception (EC) as a case study, we show that independent pharmacies stock EC at dramatically lower rates than chains (e.g.,...

CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests that certain interventions related to menstrual health may contribute to improvements in symptom burden, perceived recovery, or selected functional outcomes in female athletes. Nevertheless, the current evidence base remains limited, heterogeneous, and insufficient to support strong performance-related recommendations. Further high-quality studies specifically designed in female athlete populations are needed to inform evidence-based sports medicine...

Emergency contraception (EC) is a time-sensitive pharmacy service in which consistent, patient-centred counselling is important but can be challenging to deliver in routine practice. This prospective implementation study evaluated the feasibility and real-world use of a digital counselling support tool for pharmacist-led EC consultations in Swiss community pharmacies. The tool combines patient self-reporting with structured, evidence-based support for pharmacist counselling. All EC consultations...

CONCLUSION: One year after ENG implant insertion, deep LH suppression was accompanied by parallel reduction of gonadal androgens (total and free testosterone) and SHBG, whereas oestradiol, AMH, and adrenal DHEA-S were essentially unchanged, indicating a dissociation between suppressed gonadal and preserved adrenal androgens. The reduced-bleeding phenotype was not accompanied by differential hormonal change.

p-coumaric acid is an important bioactive natural product and a crucial precursor for the synthesis of downstream phenylpropanoids. Compared with plant extraction and chemical synthesis methods, microbial production of p-coumaric acid offers unique advantages, including environmental friendliness, short production cycles, and high conversion efficiency. Streptomyces species possess a complete shikimate pathway and an extensive aromatic amino acid metabolic network, being promising chassis for...

CONCLUSIONS: Applicants weigh a variety of factors when selecting programs and may match to abortion restricted environments - this includes the 23% who considered abortion training a top factor. Future work should continue to focus on the impact of the Dobbs decision on residency program selection and the ability of all residents to develop abortion-care skills.

CONCLUSION: VSB reduces operative time compared to the traditional technique. It is quick to learn, and both patient tolerance and efficacy remain good even while surgeons are still learning the technique. It helps meet the growing demand for vasectomies and optimize operating room utilization. Optimization of the technique continues beyond the 40th procedure, but this number is quickly reached due to the short operative time and current high demand.

Acne is an inflammatory condition that can affect quality of life. New topical treatments include tazarotene lotion, trifarotene, combined microencapsulated benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin, minocycline foam, topical dapsone, and clascoterone cream. More recent systemic options include subantimicrobial doxycycline, sarecycline, combined oral contraceptives, spironolactone, and isotretinoin-lidose.

CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of undiagnosed STIs and unsuppressed HIV among AGYW domestic workers in Central Uganda highlights the urgent need to increase STI/HIV prevention, testing and treatment coverage for these underserved and vulnerable young women. Targeted interventions are needed to mitigate STI/HIV acquisition in this population.

Thirty-one U.S. states and the District of Columbia currently authorize pharmacists to prescribe hormonal contraception. Expansion of pharmacist scope of practice into areas such as contraceptive prescribing represents an extension beyond traditional baseline licensure authority. As a result, jurisdictions frequently require additional training to address competency, patient safety, and liability considerations. Because regulation of pharmacy practice occurs at the state level, training...

CONCLUSIONS: Women's empowerment through education, employment, and active participation in decision-making significantly influences contraceptive use among women in Rwanda. These findings underscore the importance of integrating women's empowerment initiatives into reproductive health programs, focusing on education access, economic opportunities, and women's involvement in household and reproductive health decisions to enhance reproductive health outcomes in Rwanda.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the ongoing war, fertility intentions among medical students remain relatively optimistic, equally for women and men. As adequate housing was an important prerequisite for parenthood, post-war pronatalist policies may benefit from integrating housing support into broader family well-being strategies, while also addressing sexuality education and cultural influences on family formation and parenthood decisions.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the efficacy of behavioral interventions in enhancing contraceptive use among women living with HIV. Leveraging behavioral interventions could offer an opportunity to increase contraceptive use and improve the reproductive health outcomes for women living with HIV.

Implementation of sexual and reproductive health policies in Chile has faced strong opposition in the past 30 years. However, during the 2000s, the country introduced the possibility of access to emergency contraceptive pills; access varied at the local level, depending on each municipality's decision to adopt the policy. Taking advantage of this unstructured implementation of the emergency contraception policy in the country, the study aimed at identifying the impact of the availability of...

CONCLUSIONS: This approach allowed us to capture rich perspectives from a diverse group of stakeholders that account for the unique contraceptive decision-making needs of adolescents and young adults, resulting in a functional, youth-informed decision aid prototype, MyPlanMyChoice©, ready for pilot and feasibility evaluation in a clinical setting.

CONCLUSION: The presented LMS-based continuous reference values for key parameters of Pi homeostasis enable the calculation of standardized z-scores to facilitate test result interpretation in women and men.

CONCLUSIONS: CBG and total cortisol concentrations decreased over time following discontinuation of COC. Concentrations of both CBG and total cortisol had normalized by four weeks after discontinuation. Accordingly, the minimum period for discontinuation of COC prior to evaluating HPA-axis measurements may be reduced from six weeks to four weeks.

Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) contain synthetic gonadal hormones that act on receptors widely distributed throughout the brain, thereby altering the body's endogenous hormonal milieu in ways that may influence brain and behavior. Although HCs are among the most commonly prescribed medications for female adolescents, their effects on the developing brain and mental health remain poorly understood. This gap is concerning given that adolescence is marked by substantial hormonal change,...

CONCLUSIONS: adolescents demonstrated high levels of health literacy, but they initiated hormonal contraceptive use with low functional literacy, which may compromise their understanding of information about the method. Factors such as age, family composition, and contraceptive use duration influenced the level of health literacy.

CONCLUSION: Dienogest appears to reduce pain in women with deep endometriosis. Our findings support dienogest as an effective therapeutic option.

CONCLUSIONS: inadequate reproductive counseling may affect the continued use of intrauterine devices and influence contraceptive choices in the postpartum period.

CONCLUSIONS: Several reproductive factors, depression, and self-identified race were associated with risk of lethal ovarian cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: EB exerts renoprotective effects in estrogen-deficient rats by improving renal function and electrolyte homeostasis, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating AQP2 expression. These findings support the potential value of estrogen replacement in attenuating renal dysfunction associated with estrogen deficiency.

CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer risk among women in Ethiopia is influenced by metabolic, reproductive, and hormonal factors. The findings highlight the importance of obesity prevention, reproductive health education, and early detection strategies within the Ethiopian context. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to strengthen causal inference and inform national cancer control policies.

CONCLUSIONS: Readiness to provide a minimum care package for sexual violence was low, with steep gradients across facility tiers. Delivery of timely and quality-assured sexual violence care requires addressing structural gaps driven by stock-out of supplies and inadequate providers' support including training. These corrective actions should be augmented by community-based interventions that link survivors to health care.