Bone Neoplasms – Pubmed

Patellar tumors are rare. However, aggressive tumors such as giant cell tumors of the bone can cause large defects. The treatment of large patellar defects remains controversial. This case report presents the results of a new reconstruction method applied to a 40-year old man with a large patellar defect due to a giant cell tumor of the bone, along with an 8-year follow-up. The defect was reconstructed using a handmade neopatella. This neopatella was created using a bony Achilles tendon...

Central chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone tumour, and grade progression markedly worsens prognosis. The contributions of lipid metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic co-dysregulation to grade progression remain poorly characterised. We integrated a bulk RNA-seq discovery cohort of 53 graded central chondrosarcomas (GSE299759) with a single-cell analysis of eight chondrosarcomas (GSE184118). Because the atypical cartilaginous tumour (ACT) and dedifferentiated groups...

Primary bone cancer is a relatively rare malignant tumor that manifests in the bone and affects the normal functioning of the bone tissue. Primary bone cancer can be characterized into three subtypes, which are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. Notably, the treatment of primary bone cancer with conventional modalities, like chemotherapy and surgical interventions, has been overwhelmed with dismal clinical outcomes. The conventional therapies are challenged with non-specificity,...

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer in adolescents and young adults. Despite tremendous preclinical and clinical efforts to advance therapy for OS, the standard of care, consisting of surgical resection and pre- and postoperative chemotherapy, has remained unchanged for over 40 years. Growing molecular understanding of OS highlights tumor heterogeneity as a major obstacle to therapeutic advances. In this narrative review, we comprehensively discuss current evidence of OS...

Objectives: Chondrosarcoma is the most common type of primary bone sarcoma in adults with a high risk of local recurrence and metastasis. Chondrosarcomas are largely resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, meaning that surgery is the mainstay of treatment for most patients. Therefore, new therapeutic targets are required. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a transmembrane protein that has roles in cell proliferation, adhesion and migration and is shown to be overexpressed in several...

CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic approach to SBVL in the pediatric population is feasible and safe, in a large variety of pathologies and age groups, with a reasonable complication rate. The pediatric population poses unique surgical challenges that may be overcome by a skilled multidisciplinary team.

CONCLUSION: The overall yield of routine staging imaging in early-stage breast cancer is low, with the greatest benefit observed in node-positive patients. Adopting risk-based, guideline- aligned imaging strategies could reduce unnecessary investigations, patient anxiety, and healthcare costs while ensuring optimal use of resources.

Objective: This study seeks to investigate the association between nutritional, muscular, and functional status and moderate-to-severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ grade II) in patients with lung cancer spinal metastases and to construct an individualized risk prediction nomogram. Methods: A total of 162 patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer spinal metastases who underwent surgery were retrospectively enrolled. Preoperative clinical data were collected. Univariate...

Background: Osteosarcoma remains a biologically complex and clinically challenging malignancy, with survival gains plateauing despite decades of multimodal therapy incorporating surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Unlike cancers in which mutation-centric precision oncology has yielded transformative advances, osteosarcoma is characterized by profound structural variation, copy number alteration dominance, and dynamic clonal evolution, limiting the effectiveness of single-target approaches. These...

A 55-year-old patient presented with persistent back pain after a lifting injury. Later, buttock pain and hypaesthesia of the left knee developed. MRI revealed a lesion at lumbar vertebral body L3, histologically confirmed as a conventional chordoma. Chordomas are rare, locally aggressive tumors of notochordal origin with a high recurrence rate and require specialized treatment. A two-stage en-bloc spondylectomy with dorsal decompression and anterior cage implantation was performed on the...

Spinal bone metastases often lead to vertebral fractures and other skeletal events that severely affect patients' quality of life. Predicting structural failure is essential for guiding treatment and preventing complications. However, conventional assessment tools have limited predictive power, highlighting the need for computational methods capable of simulating disease progression and its mechanical consequences. This study aimed to develop a fully automated, patient-specific methodology to...

Pheochromocytomasand paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare catecholamine-secreting tumors that can affect systemic physiology, including bone metabolism. Although they are typically associated with genetic syndromes such as MEN2 and von Hippel-Lindau disease, PPGLs are not commonly linked to primary bone tumors. However, recent findings suggest a novel cancer syndrome involving both PPGLs and giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) through H3F3A mutations. We report a rare case of a 53-year-old woman with...

CONCLUSIONS: CK13 expression in COC and CA suggests squamous differentiation of odontogenic epithelium. The detected KRT13 genetic variations are probably not associated with tumorigenic mechanisms in COC, DGCT, AA, and CA. The APC E1080* mutation was not identified in any of the entities included in the present study. Further studies are therefore required to more precisely define the genetic profile of these entities and, particularly, to clarify the potential biological relationship between...

Myxoid epithelioid sarcoma is a rare morphologic variant of epithelioid sarcoma characterized by abundant myxoid stroma and frequent loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression. Orbital involvement is exceptionally uncommon. We report a case of a SMARCB1-deficient malignant orbital neoplasm with features overlapping myxoid epithelioid sarcoma in a 61-year-old man presenting with visual disturbance. Imaging studies revealed a 2.5-cm medial orbital mass without evidence of another primary lesion. The tumor...

The objective of this investigation was to quantify the survival advantages by utilizing multi-center population-based data for delineating risk factors in female patients afflicted with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) bone metastases. Investigators analyzed surveillance, epidemiology, and end results data of 5534 female LUAD patients with bone metastases from 2010 to 2015, and subsequently split this cohort into a training set, an internal validation set, and an external cohort comprising a total of...

CONCLUSION: Modular resection endoprostheses offer a versatile option for segmental bone reconstruction, providing acceptable mid-term functional outcomes. However, prosthetic instability, particularly in proximal femoral replacements and periprosthetic joint infection remains a frequent relevant complication.

Osteosarcoma remains a major treatment challenge, especially for patients with recurrent, refractory or metastatic diseases. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), including CAR-T cells, TCR engineered T cells, CAR-NK cells and macrophage based cell therapy, provides a promising strategy for redirecting immune effector cells to fight osteosarcoma. However, clinical translation has been limited by antigen heterogeneity, on-target/off-tumor toxicity, insufficient tumor trafficking, poor persistence,...

Osteosarcoma, an aggressive malignancy of long bones in children and young adults, responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy, and distant metastasis remains the principal cause of death. Here we identify chemokine CXCL14 as a driver of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic behavior. CXCL14 expression was markedly higher in osteosarcoma cells than in normal osteoblasts. Knockdown of CXCL14 significantly reduced cell migration and wound closure, accompanied by a shift from...

CONCLUSION: Overall, our study demonstrated that KIF18A is a promising therapeutic target in osteosarcoma. The novel inhibitor AM-1882 offers exceptional anti-tumor efficacy paired with a favorable, low-toxicity safety profile.

Giant odontomas are infrequently encountered in clinical practice. The objective of this article is to present a well-documented case report with radiographic and surgical images of a compound odontoma arising in the mandibular anterior region. Other salient findings of the case included displacement of multiple proximate teeth, overretention of a primary canine with extensive root resorption, an impacted permanent mandibular canine lying along the inferior cortical plate, and painless clinical...

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), osteosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma represent the most characteristic primary bone neoplasms, and optimization of their diagnostic and therapeutic strategies remains a research priority in the field of bone and soft tissue oncology. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) released the Clinical Practice Guidelines in Bone Cancer (Version 2.2026), introducing key evidence-based updates spanning equivalent biological therapy alternatives, perioperative...

Treatment methods for bone metastasis often face difficulties because of inadequate blood flow and poor drug absorption in bone tissue. Addressing these challenges, a multifunctional targeting nanomicelle was developed utilizing hyaluronic acid (HA) as the base polymer, functionalized with sodium alendronate (ALN) as a bone-targeting ligand and an antibone resorption agent (ALN-HA). To impart a redox-responsive property, disulfide bonds were integrated into the nanomicelle structure using...

We reported a rare case of disseminated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) initially presenting as refractory orbital cellulitis in a 53-year-old male. The patient presented with acute periorbital swelling, pain, and restricted ocular motility, unresponsive to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed extensive sinusitis with a peripherally enhancing medial extraconal orbital mass and adjacent bony erosions. A prompt functional endoscopic sinus surgery and...

CONCLUSIONS: The addition of olaparib to radium-223 was not associated with significant detriment to PROs or pain, which supports the tolerability of this combination.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Long survival and progression-free intervals are common. En bloc resection should be attempted and might reduce recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS: Survivors of pediatric and young adult osteosarcoma exhibit a high success rate in achieving normal conception and childbirth, aligning with the general population. To inform pediatric and adolescent patients with osteosarcoma, as well as their parents, about the high success rate associated with achieving a normal conception and childbirth should be the standard.

CONCLUSION: Asian patients had higher functional outcomes after endoprosthetic reconstruction, and ethnic minorities did not show worse outcomes than White patients. Additional research should explore these trends in different settings.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish a diagnostic nomogram for identifying synchronous lung metastasis at initial diagnosis in osteosarcoma patients, and to descriptively analyze overall survival patterns in patient subgroups.MethodsA total of 1149 eligible osteosarcoma cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Candidate predictors were screened by univariate logistic regression (p < 0.10) and entered into...

CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the key characteristics of primary clival bone lesions is essential for clinicians and neurosurgeons to select optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes.

This study aims to describe the clinical spectrum, imaging localization, surgical approaches, and histopathology of orbital space-occupying lesions treated at a tertiary center. A retrospective review was conducted on 59 consecutive patients with orbital masses who were treated at the Central Hospital of Wuhan, from July 2018 to January 2025. Demographics, laterality, compartmental localization using the new 5-compartment model (intraconal, extraconal, eyeball zone, optic nerve sheath,...

This study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of combining serologic indexes with the Gleason score (GS) in identifying prostate cancer bone metastasis. We included 108 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at the Third Hospital of Mianyang from December 2019 to December 2021. Clinical data were collected, and patients were divided into 2 groups: 44 cases with prostate cancer bone metastasis and 64 cases without bone metastasis. We compared age, serum total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA),...

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive tumor driven by neoplastic mononuclear stromal cells. Stromal immunophenotyping may support diagnosis in giant cell-rich mimics and provide insight into tumor biology. Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 31 GCTB cases diagnosed between 2015 and 2025 were studied and reviewed by consultant pathologists on-site and remotely to confirm the diagnosis and assess stromal atypia and mitoses. Immunohistochemistry for p63,...

CONCLUSIONS: PI-RADS v2 score could predict PCa bone metastasis, the prediction model may help discovered PCa bone metastasis.

Prostate cancer (PCa) commonly metastasizes to bone, leading predominantly to osteoblastic lesions driven by intricate cellular interactions within the bone microenvironment. While osteoclasts (OCLs) initiate bone remodeling through resorption, their contribution to PCa progression appears limited, as pharmacological inhibition with bisphosphonates and RANKL antagonists yields only modest clinical benefit. In contrast, osteoblasts (OBs) exert dual roles, either promoting or restraining tumor...

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive primary bone malignancy that predominantly affects children and adolescents. Although surgical intervention and neoadjuvant therapy demonstrate efficacy in localized OS, postoperative survival rates remain suboptimal for patients with metastatic and recurrent OS. In recent years, immunotherapy has garnered considerable attention due to its promising efficacy across various solid tumors. However, the distinct immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in OS...

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the application of preoperative three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstruction in the surgical management of paranasal sinus (PNS) osteomas.Osteomas are the most common benign PNS tumors and can lead to significant symptoms, including chronic rhinosinusitis, frontal pressure, and orbital or intracranial complications. Surgical excision is recommended for symptomatic cases or those with potential complications, with endoscopic and external...

Anchusa species have traditionally been used to treat arthritis, gout, rheumatism, and skin wounds. Cisplatin (Cis) is a widely used chemotherapy drug associated with serious adverse effects. The study aimed to evaluate the potential synergistic anticancer effects of Anchusa azurea methanol extract (AAME) in combination with cisplatin against bone, skin, and oral cancer cell lines. This study involved a comprehensive metabolomic profiling of AAME, alongside cytotoxicity assays, cell cycle...

CONCLUSION: HtrA1 expression patterns in GCTB may provide preliminary insight into recurrence risk. Although no statistically significant association was demonstrated, the observed trends suggest potential prognostic relevance and warrant validation in larger cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with skeletal-related events due to bone metastasis from solid tumours face challenges such as a lack of bone health knowledge, psychological distress and a lack of self-management ability when discharged from the hospital. Medical staff should formulate a personalized discharge health education plan according to the needs of patients.

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric, exhibits broad-spectrum anticancer activities, but its ability to induce pyroptosis in osteosarcoma remains unknown. Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to overcome osteosarcoma chemoresistance. Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether curcumin induces pyroptosis-associated molecular changes in human osteosarcoma cells and...

CONCLUSIONS: Fetal MRI can accurately diagnose intraspinal lipomas and has diagnostic value for different types of intraspinal lipomas.

CONCLUSION: The nomogram developed in this study offers a reliable tool for individualized risk prediction of bone metastasis in NSCLC patients. Incorporating autoantibody and inflammation-related biomarkers significantly enhances the predictive performance, which may help in risk stratification and early intervention.

INTRODUCTION: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common malignant bone and soft tissue tumor in children, adolescents, and young adults. Current consensus guidelines, consistent with Children's Oncology Group practice, support the universal use of full-body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and recommend reserving bone marrow aspiration and biopsy for cases in which FDG-PET raises concern for marrow involvement, leaving final decisions to the treating physician....

El siguiente caso de estudio presenta una exenteración orbitaria por carcinoma escamoso, con reconstrucción del defecto luego de una resección amplia, que involucró la colaboración de los equipos de cirugía oncológica y reconstructiva. Para cubrir el defecto supraorbitario, se realizó la toma y aplicación del injerto cutáneo de la zona donadora (muslo derecho). Se fijó con organdí quirúrgico, que fue retirado cinco días luego de la cirugía, con una integración de 100% en el postquirúrgico y...

CONCLUSIONS: Children and families experience complex functional and psychosocial impacts after limb surgery, underscoring needs for enhanced rehabilitation, pain care, school reintegration, and caregiver support.

Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) offers a direct ventral corridor to the skull base, potentially enabling maximal resection of extensive cholesteatomas (epidermoid cysts) in the posterior cranial fossa and parasellar region. However, outcomes and complications specific to this approach require detailed analysis. A retrospective review was conducted on 34 patients who underwent EES for cholesteatomas of the posterior fossa and parasellar region at a single center from 2011 to 2025 year. Extent...

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with metastasis being the leading cause of mortality among patients. Bone is the most frequent site of metastasis in breast cancer, accounting for approximately 70% of metastatic cases. Before bone metastasis, primary breast cancer cells secrete circulating factors (e.g., exosomal RNAs, metabolites, and cytokines) to precondition the bone microenvironment and establish a supportive pre-metastatic niche (PMN). After...

Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cell types, have emerged as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication within both pathological and regenerative microenvironments. In bone metastasis, tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) play a crucial role in the establishment of pre-metastatic niches, modulation of osteoclast-osteoblast balance, and promotion of tumor cell colonization through the transfer of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and non-coding RNAs....

CONCLUSION: This international consensus provides practical guidance for the management of TGCT and GCTB while identifying important gaps in evidence. Joint-preserving surgery remains central to the treatment of GCTB, with selective integration of systemic therapies and individualized surveillance. The consensus framework highlights priorities for future collaborative research in orthopaedic oncology.

CONCLUSION: Fumaric acid alleviates BCP and delays morphine tolerance by down-regulating the expression of spinal MrgC receptors. MrgC receptors are potential new therapeutic targets.