Respiratory Function Tests

CONCLUSION: HRR1 and VE/VCO(2) slope can serve as independent predictors for the incidence of MACCE in patients with CHF.

Randomized trials have demonstrated that nintedanib is beneficial for Systemic Sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) with an acceptable safety profile. We evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of nintedanib in a real-world SSc-ILD cohort. Medical records of SSc patients receiving nintedanib for newly diagnosed fibrotic or progressive ILD between 2020 and 2025 in our center were retrospectively reviewed. Forced vital capacity (FVC%) and diffusing capacity for carbon...

CONCLUSION: At PHC level, PO improves the diagnosis of SCs with severe hypoxaemia and is associated with improved management. However, subsequent care in these settings remains challenging.

In the sentence beginning with "High-frequency ventilation (HFV) maintains functional residual capacity and minimizes ventilator-induced lung injury by delivering subdead-space tidal volumes at supraphysiologic frequencies. Its performance depends on airway size and lung mechanics, making it effective in preterm infants with low compliance. HFV modalities include high-frequency jet ventilation, delivering rapid gas pulses with passive exhalation to improve gas exchange and support lung...

CONCLUSIONS: A multi-layered outreach intervention was successful in improving the rates of completion and scheduling for cardiac stress tests, as well as reducing time to completion. The pilot was found to be cost-effective, but may increase workload for primary care staff. Future studies should investigate ways to automate processes to reduce the burden on the system. Our study describes a potentially quality-improving intervention by introducing a new scheduling process, which is not the...

CONCLUSION: In patients and families motivated to use HSPIR, its use avoided the need to return to the clinic for follow-up spirometry and influenced clinical decision making, suggesting that HSPIR can be a useful clinical tool. The overall low uptake of HSPIR highlights the need for further research to address patient and clinician barriers to its use. The impact of HSPIR on long-term CF outcomes also requires further study.

We aimed to identify the physiological and muscle characteristics associated with mean power output in the final stage of a rowing incremental test in elite rowers. Twenty-two national level rowers (n = 9 female) completed the following assessments (i) a 7-stage incremental rowing ergometer test to determine V̇O(2peak), maximal muscle deoxygenation and final incremental stage mean power output, (ii) strength and power, (iii) lean body mass (LBM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, (iv) lower...

CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that lung boost trainer was associated with significant improvements in pulmonary function in relation to FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and functional capacity among children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy following COVID-19.

People living with COPD are frequently inadequately treated due to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-world performance of the beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate/glycopyrronium (BDP/FF/G) fixed triple combination formulated in a dry powder inhaler (DPI) in improving symptoms, lung function, and adherence in moderate to severe COPD patients uncontrolled on dual therapies. We conducted a non-interventional, open-label, single-arm,...

CONCLUSION: Early ABG utilization varied across ICUs, yet was not significantly associated with mortality. Sensitivity analysis suggested a non-linear relationship, with a tendency toward better outcomes at higher utilization. These findings warrant further investigation to clarify the role of early ABG utilization in critical care.

The aging process is accompanied by physiological, biomechanical, and cognitive impairments. In this scenario, functional capacity tests and vertical jumps are used to assess muscle strength and power, which are performed in expensive equipment. Thus, this study analyzed the kinetic behavior of the 30-s chair test, the SJ and CMJ kinetic behavior, and the association between the 30-s with the SJ and CMJ. Twelve older adults (5 females and 7 males) performed the 30-s chair test, the squat jump...

CONCLUSIONS: In this large real-life cohort, TCZ was safe and associated with consistent benefits across different domains, supporting its role as a potential disease-modifying treatment in selected patients with SSc.

Although the benefits of enhanced nutrition on respiratory health are widely recognized, the specific effects of vitamins B6 and B12 on lung function are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between vitamin B6 and B12 intake and lung function. This is a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2012. The study assessed the pulmonary function of the subjects by measuring forced expiratory...

CONCLUSION: LD-MSS is effective in anti-inflammation and in improving blood gas function, and has a good safety profile.

CONCLUSION: In children with MSA, a high BDR is independently associated with poorer asthma control and a distinct systemic inflammatory profile involving T2 and non-T2 mediators. BDR may serve as a marker for asthma phenotyping.

CONCLUSION: Higher lifetime endurance PA is related to a better cardiometabolic profile in older physically active males but does not affect muscle strength and power. These findings emphasize that despite cardiometabolic benefits, endurance PA alone may not be sufficient to be prescribed for muscle strength and power preservation in aging.

CONCLUSION: Melatonin can be used to perform MBW during sleep in infants and toddlers with CF. Inducing natural sleep makes melatonin a safe, feasible, and less time-consuming alternative compared to sedatives. Future MBW investigations using melatonin are warranted to confirm these findings.

CONTEXT: Despite the widespread use of vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMNs) for aerosol therapy during mechanical ventilation, there is limited pediatric evidence on how tidal volume (TV)-based ventilation models and commonly modified ventilator- and circuit-related factors affect aerosol delivery.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that ACBT in conjunction with WBBE could be effective complementary approaches for improving lung function and exercise capacity, reducing dyspnea symptoms, and enhancing quality of life in older adults with stable COPD. Future studies may explore how ACBT and WBBE could be optimized in training frequency, intensity, and duration specifically for older adults.

CONCLUSIONS: In this selected measurement-capable landmark cohort, early respiratory decline provided a clinically meaningful short-to-medium term prognostic signal for post-landmark adverse outcomes. External validation is required before broader generalization beyond measurement-capable landmark populations.

CONCLUSIONS: People with a higher FVC adjusted for age, sex, and height have a longer survival. Regional adjustments to lung function standards are inappropriate when assessing prognosis.

BACKGROUND We aimed to comprehensively assess the association of multidisciplinary team (MDT)-based stepped nursing intervention with dyspnea index, pulmonary function, psychological outcomes, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Participants (n=150) were retrospectively recruited from patients with AECOPD treated from April 2022 to December 2024 and assigned into an MDT group (n=76)...

Clinical trials in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often use exacerbation risk as the primary endpoint. However, exacerbations occur with low frequency, leading to long and costly clinical trials. Home-measured spirometry, which is becoming more common, provides an alternative and has previously been used to shorten the necessary trial duration. In this work, we develop a mixed-effects hidden Markov model (MEHMM) for analyzing home-measured peak expiratory flow (PEF), combining...

CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings suggest that a brief self-paced stair ascent test may offer a feasible field-based approach for estimating aerobic capacity in middle-aged and older adults. However, its predictive accuracy appears limited and should be further examined in larger samples.

Inborn errors of immunity comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by impaired immune function and a high burden of pulmonary complications, which are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. Lung involvement arises primarily through recurrent infection leading to airway disease, or through immune dysregulation causing non-infectious interstitial lung disease. Effective management requires sensitive tools to detect and monitor diverse pulmonary manifestations across the...

Purpose To investigate the association between impaired lung function and pulmonary perfusion defect percentage (QDP) using phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI. Materials and Methods In this prospective study (March 2023-July 2024), participants underwent spirometry to assess lung function, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Lung function was classified as either normal or impaired, with the impaired category including airflow...

BACKGROUND: The six-minute stepper test (6MST) is increasingly used to assess functional exercise capacity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the physiological responses elicited during the 6MST and their relationship to those obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) remain incompletely characterised.

CONCLUSION: Both interventions yield similar improvements in clinical control and most outcomes. These results suggest that the choice of intervention should be based on the patient's preferences and the intervention centre's capacity to provide care.

CONCLUSION: It remains unclear whether changes in phenotype reflects the biological variability of the measure or disease progression. The instability of adult spirometry classifications across serial spirometry measurements suggests this approach does not adequately capture the complexity of prematurity-associated lung disease during the growth period.

CONCLUSIONS: It was indicated that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with reduced lung function in AECOPD patients, with lung function showing a significant negative correlation with inflammatory markers. WBC serves as a key mediator between the DII and FEV1.

CONCLUSION: Elevated EqCO(2)@AT is associated with impaired ventilatory efficiency, reduced exercise capacity, and increased AE risk in COPD. A model incorporating EqCO(2)@AT, age, BMI, and FEV(1)% predicted showed good predictive performance and may support individualized AE risk stratification. These findings suggest that CPET-derived ventilatory efficiency parameters may provide clinically useful information beyond conventional pulmonary function assessment, although validation in larger...

This study presents preliminary baseline biochemical and venous blood gas data obtained from llamas (Lama glama) raised under semi-intensive management at medium altitude (595 m asl) in subtropical Brazil. Blood samples from 9 clinically healthy llamas were analyzed. Most biochemical values fell within ranges previously described for the species, although substantial inter-individual variability was observed for several parameters (CK: CV = 0.81; lactate: CV = 0.63; alkaline phosphatase: CV =...

CONCLUSION: Gas transfer measurements provide valuable, early information in assessing physiological impairment and risk of poor outcomes in both AATD and non-AATD COPD.

To investigate the impact of intraoperative tidal volume on surgical efficiency and outcomes in patients undergoing flexible ureteroscopy (fURS). This prospective cohort study included adult patients with unilateral, solitary renal stones located in the upper or middle calyx or in the renal pelvis. Patients were divided into two groups based on intraoperative tidal volume settings. Demographic factors, stone features, operative metrics, laser efficiency, complication rates, and hospital stay...

CONCLUSION: Impaired pulmonary function is associated with lower BMD, with BMI as a partial mediator and age as a significant effect modifier. These findings point to a complex interplay between pulmonary function, metabolic health, and skeletal integrity in individuals with airflow limitation, suggesting that interventions targeting these interactions may offer strategies to mitigate osteoporosis risk.

CONCLUSION: Adding 8 weeks of EMT to chest physiotherapy improved pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, cough effectiveness, functional capacity, and asthma control in children with asthma. EMT appears to be a safe and effective adjunct to pediatric asthma management.

Sex differences in asthma severity have been reported; however, the specific contribution of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) remains incompletely defined. We tested the hypothesis that ERβ modulates sex-specific physiological responses to chronic allergen exposure using C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and ERβ-deficient (Esr2^(-)/^(-)) male and female mice subjected to 5 weeks of house dust mite (HDM) challenge. Lung mechanics were assessed using flexiVent and integrated with histopathology and whole-lung...

CONCLUSION: Clinically healthy term infants born to diabetic mothers exhibit measurable impairments in RFTs at birth, accompanied by altered cord blood adipokine profiles, suggesting a potential role for adipokines as early biomarkers of respiratory vulnerability.

CONCLUSION: The rising prevalence mainly reflects improved case ascertainment. Female‑predominant chronic bronchitis highlights the need for sex‑specific public health strategies. The rapid increase in spirometry‑confirmed diagnosis and near‑elimination of urban-rural disparity demonstrate a successful model for diagnostic standardization in primary care.

Sleep deprivation alters metabolic homeostasis and substrate metabolism, but its effect on fat and carbohydrate utilization during exercise is unclear. This study examined the effects of one night of total and partial sleep deprivation on substrate utilization during a maximal fat oxidation test (MFO) in recreationally trained adults. Thirty-two recreationally trained young adults (16 females, 16 males) completed a randomized, counterbalanced crossover study with three sleep conditions: normal...

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The clinical pulmonary manifestations of these dogs with leptospirosis were characterized by hypoxemia, increased A-a gradient, and increased lung density. The clinical course seemed to more closely parallel the structural changes observed on CT rather than the functional alterations assessed with arterial blood gas analyses.

CONCLUSION: The clinical effect of prehospital non-invasive ventilation could not be determined due to early termination. This trial highlights important challenges relevant to future clinical trials in the prehospital setting, including patient selection, diagnostic requirements and implementation of complex interventions.

RATIONALE: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an increasingly recognized interstitial lung disease caused by exposure to inhaled, mostly organic, antigens. The non-fibrotic type of HP generally follows a benign course. We present 3 patients with a rare presentation of non-fibrotic HP-acute respiratory failure.

CONCLUSIONS: OSA severity is linked to impaired autonomic capacity, while CPAP therapy selectively improves autonomic recovery dynamics. Sleepiness does not modify these adaptations, suggesting that CPAP enhances autonomic flexibility rather than reversing established autonomic impairment.

Post-lung transplant surveillance remains highly heterogeneous, with no universally accepted standard guiding organisation of care or the use of physiological testing, imaging, bronchoscopy, laboratory monitoring, and emerging biomarkers. This narrative review synthesises current surveillance practices across these domains and addresses key limitations, sources of inter-centre variability, and evidence gaps that hinder timely detection of allograft dysfunction. We summarize established and...

CONCLUSION: ESE could serve as an effective screening tool for AMS susceptibility, and blunted CO augmentation during exercise is an independent predictive marker for AMS risk.

This study evaluated the impact of Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM (2.5)) and its components on lung function. In total, 2,045 participants aged 40-89 years were recruited for this multi-center cross-sectional study. Lung function measurements were performed. Real-time PM (2.5) and its component data were obtained from atmospheric monitoring sites. Linear mixed-effects (LME) models were used to assess the relationships between PM (2.5), its components, and lung function. Weighted quantile sum...

CONCLUSION: Post-9/11 veterans with blast exposure reported more dyspnea but did not have lower lung function values compared to those without. Presence of TBI and blast was associated with lower lung function. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanism of this association and respiratory impacts of blast injury and TBI.

CONCLUSIONS: CFTRm - particularly ELX/TEZ/IVA - demonstrated substantial clinical benefits across age groups. The treatment effect varied over time in the majority of patients. Different CFTRm's impact on respiratory function, nutritional status, and well-being underscores the importance of personalized approaches in CF care.

People with coronary heart disease (CHD) are encouraged to meet the public health moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity (MVPA) guidelines for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, no accelerometer aerobic intensity cut-points are currently available to classify MVPA in this population. This study aimed to establish absolute and relative aerobic physical activity intensity accelerometer cut-points in people with CHD and compare the new with existing cut-points in an...