Renal/Urological -Pubmed

CONCLUSIONS: KD is feasible and demonstrated an acceptable tolerability profile in selected mRCC patients, though long-term adherence is challenging. No conclusions regarding antitumor efficacy can be drawn from this small non-randomized pilot study. Future studies should evaluate shorter interventions and optimized dietary protocols in larger randomized trials.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is increasingly recognized as a lipid-addicted malignancy in which de novo lipogenesis (DNL) supports tumor growth, survival, and treatment resistance. ccRCC-specific genetic alterations, particularly loss of VHL and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling, promote SREBP-mediated upregulation of key lipogenic enzymes, including ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1...

Renal cancer remains a major global health burden, and current targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies are frequently limited by toxicity, therapeutic resistance, and suboptimal response rates. Natural bioactive compounds such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and cafestol exhibit anticancer activity; however, their therapeutic utility is constrained by limited potency and dose-dependent adverse effects. In this study, the antiproliferative and synergistic effects of cafestol and a hyaluronic...

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by a complex molecular landscape driven by recurrent genetic alterations. While genomic and transcriptomic profiling have identified core drivers, they often fail to provide robust biomarkers due to the significant decoupling of mRNA and protein levels, as well as the critical role of post-translational modifications in tumor biology. This review synthesizes current evidence from landmark proteogenomic initiatives, such as the Clinical...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a major challenge in modern oncological urology, owing to its high heterogeneity, latent clinical course, and intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In recent decades, the paradigm of carcinogenesis research has shifted from a primary focus on protein-coding genes alone to a broader investigation of the non-coding part of the transcriptome. Within this framework, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as fundamental regulators of cellular...

CONCLUSION: Kidney cancer burden has increased substantially in Saudi Arabia over the past four decades. Although males experience a higher overall burden, females show a faster rate of increase. These findings highlight the need for sex-specific prevention strategies, improved early detection, and strengthened national surveillance. Addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking, obesity and hypertension remains a priority for public health intervention.

Donor cell-derived leukemia (DCL) is a rare complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), previously described in patients receiving allo-HCT for hematologic malignancies. Allo-HCT has also been investigated as an immunotherapy platform for solid tumors including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Herein, we describe a unique patient case treated by allo-HCT for RCC who subsequently developed DCL. A 40-year-old man was diagnosed with metastatic clear cell RCC...

INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by definitive treatment consisting of either radical radiotherapy or radical cystectomy is the recommended treatment for patients with organ-confined muscle-invasive bladder cancer (OC-MIBC). A randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to compare the effectiveness of radical radiotherapy and radical cystectomy but failed to recruit. Radical radiotherapy is non-invasive and organ-preserving, and observational studies have suggested this...

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides formal external validation of a decision tree model for predicting cancer-specific mortality after radical cystectomy, demonstrating robust performance and supporting its use in clinical settings in south-east Spain.

CONCLUSIONS: LRC provided effective long-term local tumor control with acceptable complication rates in patients with SRMs. However, the lack of preprocedural biopsy led to overtreatment of benign tumors. The findings highlight the importance of histologic confirmation prior to ablation.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with NMIBC after TURBT, intravesical BCG was associated with better recurrence control and more favourable mid-to long-term functional and quality-of-life outcomes than pirarubicin, particularly in high-grade disease.

CONCLUSIONS: The worse survival outcomes and high rates of locally advanced disease found at RNU underscore the need for standardized, risk-stratified, long-term follow-up of the remnant urinary tract following RC.

CONCLUSIONS: Based largely on observational studies, this study suggests that cisplatin is associated with better survival than carboplatin in bladder cancer, particularly in palliative setting. In the neoadjuvant setting, no significant difference was found while this does not imply equivalence. Carboplatin offers lower gastrointestinal toxicity and remains an option for cisplatin-ineligible patients. However, our strict selection excluded pivotal studies enrolling mixed urothelial carcinoma...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system, characterized by high heterogeneity and aggressiveness. Studies indicate that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) plays a critical role in the invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of RCC, and is recognized as a potential molecular biomarker and therapeutic target. This study aims to develop a radiomics-based prediction model for noninvasive identification of MMP9 expression levels in RCC patients...

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a significant global health challenge with heterogeneous clinical presentations from nonmuscle-invasive to metastatic disease. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as promising noninvasive biomarker for risk classification, treatment monitoring and recurrence detection. Systematic searches of PubMed identified 390 articles; 61 met inclusion criteria for plasma ctDNA analysis in UC. Independent dual screening, Joanna Briggs Institute assessment, and...

CONCLUSIONS: Log-transformed inflammatory markers showed no statistically significant evidence of nonlinearity. NLR showed exploratory evidence of time-varying prognostic associations, with stronger discrimination during earlier follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of the varied histologic features seen after ICI treatment is critical for accurate pathologic staging. Consensus guidelines for gross and microscopic examination in this setting have not yet been determined but should consider the specific pathologic changes associated with ICI therapy.

CONCLUSIONS: Using a large-scale Japanese genomic panel dataset, we characterized the molecular alterations associated with S/DD. S/DD frequently exhibits low Nectin-4 expression and basal-like molecular features, which may have implications for treatment selection and inform future therapeutic strategies.

INTRODUCTION: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains a clinically challenging malignancy due to late diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. This study aimed to investigate the role of DNER in the progression of ccRCC.

CONCLUSIONS: Over two decades, mortality from coexisting urinary tract cancers and diabetes rose substantially, with marked demographic and geographic disparities. Integrated prevention and management strategies are urgently needed.

EP300, a frequently mutated transcriptional coactivator in bladder cancer, has been demonstrated to positively correlate with malignancy in various cancers. Highly aggressive bladder cancers are often associated with muscle-invasive progression, a process closely linked to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) capability of bladder cancer. Here, we performed immunohistochemical staining on bladder cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues obtained from radical cystectomy to validate the...

CONCLUSIONS: ICAM5 serves as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer, orchestrating EMT progression, reshaping the immune microenvironment, and driving resistance to immunotherapy.

CONCLUSION: These findings provide a detailed molecular and spatial map of HGT1 heterogeneity, linking epigenetic states to tumor architecture and microenvironmental interactions. They underscore the need for subtype-specific therapeutic strategies to effectively address the biological diversity already present in HGT1 bladder cancer.

CONCLUSION: Our findings generate the hypothesis that CAIX-PET might yield crucial information on cancer aggressiveness and systemic staging with potential key diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic implications for patients with high-risk renal cancer.

CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that, under the conditions and analytical limitations of the present study, no significant association was observed between urinary microplastic concentration and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Further clarification of the potential relationship between bladder cancer and urinary microplastic levels requires larger-scale studies.

Metastasis between primary lung cancers and urological malignancies, for example prostate, renal and bladder cancers, poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Previous epidemiological data underscore a frequent bidirectional overlap that adversely affects patient survival. This review synthesizes current molecular insights and clinical implications of this metastatic crosstalk, delineating how these distinct tumor types exploit shared molecular toolkits, including the C‑X‑C chemokine...

CONCLUSIONS: Severe chronic kidney disease is an independent predictor of increased perioperative morbidity following TURBT, whereas mild-to-moderate CKD does not substantially increase short-term risk. Incorporation of eGFR-based risk stratification into preoperative assessment may improve perioperative planning, patient counseling, and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing TURBT.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings define an HDAC-p21-senescence axis that sustains chemoresistance in bladder cancer and provide preclinical evidence supporting combined epigenetic and antimitotic therapy as a strategy to overcome acquired drug tolerance.

Learning on sample-limited data is a challenge frequently encountered in many real-world applications. In this work we study how effective quantum ensemble models are when trained on a sample-limited data problem in healthcare and life sciences. We constructed multiple types of quantum ensembles for binary classification using up to 26 qubits in simulation and 56 qubits on quantum hardware. The ensembles include both variational and non-variational methods as well as introducing a new quantum...

A 66-year-old female patient received a total of six intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillations as treatment for bladder carcinoma in situ. Six months later, she visited our hospital with a complaint of abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed enlarged para-aortic and left common iliac lymph nodes. A laparoscopic retroperitoneal biopsy of the left common iliac lymph node was performed. Acid-fast bacteria culture of the resected specimen and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a widely adopted therapeutic option for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, are also associated with a range of immune-related adverse events, some of which can be severe and life-threatening. Here, we describe the case of a 70-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma and brain, lung, and bone metastases who developed ICI-associated encephalitis, which was fatal. Initial computed tomography imaging revealed a 9.8 cm mass in the right kidney, multiple pulmonary...

CONCLUSION: This integrative study identifies a six-gene signature, recurrent RNA editing-derived neoantigens, and miRNA networks in RCC. By connecting genomic, epigenetic, and immune features, it provides mechanistic insights into RCC progression and supports precision immuno-oncology and vaccine development.

A 66-year-old woman presented with multiple nodular lesions of approximately 5 mm in the bilateral lower lobes on computed tomography during a close examination for gastric cancer and a left renal tumor. Because a pathological diagnosis of pulmonary neoplastic lesions is necessary to determine the treatment plan, the patient underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery S8 segmental resection of the right lower lobe for diagnostic purposes. Postoperative pathological diagnosis revealed pulmonary...

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with sarcopenia were less likely to benefit from BCG. The incorporation of computed tomography-based muscle indices into pre-BCG decision-making may improve risk stratification and supportive care.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show good correlation between DECT-ECV and SECT-ECV. The ECV fraction determined by equilibrium contrast-enhanced DECT is a potential new imaging marker for differentiating malignant from benign renal masses.

The World Health Organization classification of renal cell tumors was updated to its fifth edition in 2022 and incorporated significant changes with contributions from pathologists and radiologists. In the 2022 updated classification, epithelial renal tumors are now divided into six categories. Four of these six categories represent the major subtypes of renal tumors: clear cell renal tumors, papillary renal tumors, oncocytic and chromophobe renal tumors, and collecting duct tumors. Two...

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a hereditary cancer syndrome predisposing to renal cell carcinoma (RCC), typically considered more indolent than sporadic RCC. The '3 cm rule' has guided nephron-sparing interventions, as tumours smaller than 3 cm rarely metastasise. However, accumulating evidence suggests this paradigm is not universal, with some VHL-associated RCCs demonstrating aggressive biological behaviour despite their small size. We report two cases of aggressive clear cell RCC (ccRCC)...

CONCLUSION: When comorbidity burden and physiological fitness are comparable, octogenarians undergoing RC achieve short-term outcomes similar to those of younger patients. Chronological age alone should not preclude consideration of RC. Individualised risk assessment, treatment in experienced, high-volume centres and most likely, increasing adoption of robot-assisted RC are essential for safe surgical care for older RC candidates.

CONCLUSIONS: CN confers a validated survival benefit in metastatic pRCC, particularly in single-organ metastasis. The declining CN utilization, potentially driven by extrapolation of CARMENA results to non-ccRCC subtypes, warrants reconsideration. Metastatic burden-based patient selection may be useful for informing clinical decision-making in pRCC.

CONCLUSIONS: Although eRDI was not an overall significant prognostic factor, it showed clinical relevance in patients without AE-related DM. These findings underscore the importance of preserving eRDI in patients with sufficient tolerability and support individualized dosing strategies for EV therapy.

Wilms' tumor (WT) is one of the most common pediatric abdominal malignancies. The RNA-binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (hnRNPD) is related to cancer progression through regulating target mRNA stability. Nonetheless, its expression profile and value for WT are largely unexplored. Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC) and WT cells (17.94, HFWT) were employed as experimental models for exploring hnRNPD's effect on WT progression. Subsequently, potential...

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in myeloid cell differentiation toward immunosuppressive phenotypes, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Through integrated single-nucleus RNA sequencing, EV proteomics, and phenotype validation, we identified NOD1, a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), as a critical mediator of EV-driven macrophage differentiation. Clinically, NOD1 overexpression in ccRCC tissues correlated with...

CONCLUSIONS: CAFs drove pRCC oncogenesis through epigenetic reprogramming of RBM15B via histone lactylation, which subsequently modulated ANLN expression in an m6A-dependent manner. This study offers novel insights into the role of ANLN in pRCC and identifies potential therapeutic targets for this cancer subtype.

CONCLUSIONS: First-line combination therapy with ICI-TKI significantly improves both PFS and OS in patients with mRCC. The magnitude of clinical benefit is positively associated with higher IMDC risk scores, with the most substantial improvements in both PFS and OS observed in patients with poor-risk disease. Collectively, these findings establish ICI-TKI combination therapy as the standard first-line treatment for patients with intermediate or poor-risk mRCC.

CONCLUSIONS: AI-assisted urine cytology exhibited substantial concordance with expert interpretation and histopathologic standards. Its capability of screen-out and high negative predictive value support its potential as a reliable triage tool, improving workflow efficiency while maintaining diagnostic reliability in large-scale screening.

Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) are established treatment options for localized renal tumors. While RAPN remains the standard-of-care, PTA is increasingly adopted, particularly in patients unfit for surgery. Evidence on how tumor complexity influences comparative outcomes between these two approaches remains limited. We conducted a systematic review of major database up to December 2025 and meta-analysis. Studies directly comparing PTA and RAPN...

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this meta-analysis of ADCs for la/mUC, enfortumab vedotin-based regimens were associated with robust outcomes across clinical settings, and disitamab vedotin combined with immunotherapy was associated with potent clinical activity. Meta-regression indicated that prior immunotherapy exposure and hepatic tumor burden were associated with attenuated treatment responses.

Accurate histologic risk stratification of bladder cancer (BC) from whole-slide images (WSIs) remains challenging due to complex cellular spatial organization and the limited capability of conventional convolution-based methods to capture topological relationships. To address these challenges, this study presents a dual-stream multi-task network, termed DS-MTNet, for knowledge-driven risk stratification and tumor localization in computational pathology. DS-MTNet integrates two complementary...

CONCLUSION: By inducing macrophage M2-like polarization, YBX1 promoted lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in BCa, which may provide novel clinical markers for LN metastatic BCa.

A man in his early 70s with a prior history of high-grade urothelial carcinoma presented with a large left upper lobe lung mass detected on imaging. Endobronchial biopsy demonstrated non-small cell carcinoma with squamoid morphology and diffuse p40 positivity, supporting an initial diagnosis of primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma. The patient received neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy without a significant radiographic response. Subsequent lobectomy revealed a...