Respiratory Tract Infections Pubmed Results

CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that EBV IgG relative concentrations were elevated across sample participants by stress, but not by the relatively mild cases of COVID-19 the mothers experienced.

CONCLUSION: RSV-infections with viral codetections were generally not associated with increased healthcare resource utilisation, symptomatology, or parental work absence in children in primary care, suggesting that viral codetection alongside RSV disease does not impose a greater burden on patients or society. Further research is needed to determine whether specific RSV codetected viruses differentially impact disease burden.

CONCLUSION: The study revealed significant variations in lymphocyte subset profiles among the distinct pneumonia groups, providing novel insights with potential diagnostic value for differentiating between pneumonia types.

CONCLUSIONS: mRNA and protein vaccines elicit distinct immune profiles; however, both protect effectively against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice with concurrent helminth infection.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with an increased long-term cardiovascular risk, potentially mediated by magnitude of the acute inflammatory response inflammation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are key components of the inflammatory cascade and may serve as biomarkers of post-COVID cardiovascular vulnerability. This longitudinal observational study investigated the association between post- COVID-19 infection IL-6 and SAA levels and major cardiovascular...

Background/Objectives: The POLA index is a comprehensive tool for evaluating the nutrient-dense, immune-supportive, and anti-inflammatory properties of the diet, but its multi-component structure may limit routine use. We aimed to identify simple dietary markers associated with a lower follow-up incidence of COVID-19 or influenza, as well as the anti-inflammatory properties of the diet, and to compare a simplified screening tool with the full POLA index. Methods: This prospective observational...

Background: Post-COVID-19 syndrome is associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED) and various sequelae, particularly in individuals who experienced critical illness during the acute phase, affecting lung function and the musculoskeletal system. L-citrulline, a nonessential amino acid, has been shown to improve endothelial function, systemic inflammation, blood pressure, and physical performance. This study aimed to assess the effects of L-citrulline supplementation on ED and body composition in...

This study investigates the impact of different types of personal protective equipment (PPE), specifically Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPRs) and traditional N95 masks with face shields, on the physiological stress responses of healthcare workers (HWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing an interventional randomized crossover trial design, the research encompasses a simulation phase with ten participants followed by field testing involving thirty frontline healthcare professionals in...

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides an integrated national picture of SARS-CoV-2 evolution in Senegal and supports decentralized sequencing, stronger metadata capture, and routine use of genomic evidence for public health decision-making.

Crimes against women, including dowry deaths, miscarriage, and cruelty by husband or in-laws, remain a pervasive social issue in India. This study examines the spatiotemporal patterns and spatial autocorrelation of these crimes in Rajasthan, India, before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Leveraging data from the National Crime Records Bureau from 2018 to 2022, we employed spatial scan statistics to identify high-intensity hotspots and analyze their evolution. For spatial...

Human mobility within and between localities is a key determinant influencing the spatio-temporal spread of epidemic diseases. To investigate the role of the global mobility flows in shaping the cross-border transmission of COVID-19 in 30 EU/EEA countries, we analyzed individual mobility from Facebook Travel Patterns and integrated it into a multivariate endemic-epidemic model with fixed and random effects. The models were applied to country-specific surveillance data of weekly reported COVID-19...

Throughout the pandemic, COVID-19 cases tended to organize into spatial clusters. In the absence of individual and/or network information on cases, however, surveillance systems face challenges in identifying the pathways through which these clusters emerge. Using Québec COVID-19 surveillance data from 2020 to 2022, this study identified characteristics associated with the likelihood of being among the first cases in a cluster. Our results show that young adults were consistently at higher risk...

Pneumonia is a highly prevalent acute respiratory infection worldwide, and Inula britannica displayed an anti-pneumonia effect. Herein, twenty compounds were isolated from I. britannica, including seven newly discovered compounds-six terpenoids named inulabritanoids P-U (1-6) and one novel lignan, inulabritanoid V (7)-along with thirteen known compounds (8-20). Their structural frameworks were clarified through 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-MS data. Effects of all the elucidated compounds for...

Pool Testing is a strategy introduced by Robert Dorfman in 1943 to address a common problem in pandemics: the high cost of large-scale testing. This two-phase pool test strategy consists of dividing the initial sample into smaller subsamples of equal size (pools) and conducting a combined test on the individuals within each pool. Given a positive result, all individuals in the pool are individually tested. Otherwise, all individuals in the pool will be considered healthy without further testing....

Severe pneumonia is an acute lung parenchyma infectious disease with a high incidence and mortality. The role of interleukin-40 (IL-40) in estimating mortality in patients with severe pneumonia remains unknown. This study aims to reveal the clinical application of IL-40 at intensive care unit (ICU) admission as a potentially novel biomarker to predict the mortality risk of severe pneumonia. Patients with severe pneumonia (n = 104), patients with non-severe pneumonia (n = 50), and healthy...

CONCLUSIONS: PCP is life-threatening in AID patients. Beyond baseline hypoxemia, early follow-up variables, particularly initial treatment failure and progressive pulmonary fibrosis, are critical prognostic indicators, warranting further research to drive understanding of their causes.

CONCLUSION: Progressive improvement in quality of life was observed throughout the follow-up period, with differences between men and women in the areas of pain, vitality, mental health, general health status, and social aspects.

CONCLUSION: Adding MMBV to SOC for adults with suspected CAP in EDs can be cost-saving for public payers in France and Spain.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Coded levels of many comorbidities in Medicare were lower postpandemic than prepandemic, and the association of these codes with mortality changed. This suggests that across the COVID-19 pandemic comorbidity capture was affected by utilization changes, and the association between comorbidities and mortality changed as a result. Analyses that include immediately pre- or post-COVID-19 data and condition inferences on membership in utilization-based disease groups, or use...

CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings suggest that social exclusion and physical inactivity may be more strongly associated with self-perceived distress than dietary challenges in contexts where GF food access is structurally protected. Results are exploratory, hypothesis-generating, and should not be generalised beyond this selected Italian cohort.

CONCLUSIONS: Among programs offering hybrid interviews in a regional network of residency programs, interview format did not appear to influence rank lists after controlling for subinternship at the program; however, those who interview in person are more likely to match.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with placebo, fermented noni polysaccharide supplementation showed numerically greater increases in NK cell activity at all three E:T ratios (50:1, 25:1, and 12.5:1) in the primary mITT/FAS analysis, although these between-group differences did not reach statistical significance. Prespecified per-protocol set (PPS) sensitivity analyses showed significant between-group differences at E:T ratios of 50:1 and 25:1. The treatment group also showed greater increases in selected...

CONCLUSION: Children with PFAPA did not exhibit greater long-term morbidity than controls, except for a higher prevalence of atopy. Respiratory infections, recurrent otitis media, and fungal infections were more frequent among cases than controls. These findings may reflect greater healthcare use rather than true susceptibility to infections. Environmental risk factors were similar between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results suggest that TGO and TGO-DG effectively alleviate HFD-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in lung tissue through regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways and lung microbiota composition. Notably, TGO-DG exhibited superior protective effects, highlighting its potential as a lipid ingredient.

Advanced age is a major determinant of adverse outcomes during acute infections, yet the immunological mechanisms by which aging alters immune regulation and shapes disease trajectories remain poorly understood. Using SARS-CoV-2 infection as a model of acute viral challenge, we investigated how aging alters myeloid responses in the lungs. Across infected mouse models and human cohorts, disease severity was associated with a pronounced shift in myeloid balance, characterized by an increased...

Despite the critical role of lipid-mediated signaling in regulating host immunity, endorsed by growing evidence, the interaction between lipid metabolism and immune response remains largely unknown. This review aims to elucidate the immunomodulatory role of a lung-enriched lipid metabolic pathway mediated by the phospholipase A2 (PLA(2)) family, which comprises a diverse range of lipid-hydrolyzing enzymes. Based on their location, structure, substrate specificity and physiological roles, PLA(2)s...

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 created an opportunity to advance primary health care reform at the provincial level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. There is a need to sustain and improve on these reforms to strengthen primary health care services and advance towards the longer-term health goals and Universal Health Coverage.

SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a strong inflammatory response, and persistent symptoms after recovery are thought to reflect prolonged systemic dysregulation. However, mechanisms underlying long COVID remain unclear. This study evaluated longitudinal changes in cytokine hematological and biochemical parameters up to nine months after hospitalization for COVID-19 and examined their relationship with persistent symptoms, vaccination status, and the occurrence of comorbidities. Long COVID patients...

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that community services and activities that broadly respond to social isolation, mental health, and sedentary lifestyle as commonly associated reasons for referral should be promoted. Changes in reasons for referral to SP through time reflect the influence of social dynamics on populations needs and should be monitored to broaden SP preventive and health promoting potential.

INTRODUCTION: The mortality and morbidity consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak were concentrated among older adults. The health system response was critical to mitigating its negative effects, particularly through the redistribution of healthcare resources across territories. The objective of this study was to analyze inequities in the distribution of health resources in Mexico in relation to life expectancy (LE) and COVID-19 adjusted life expectancy (CALE) in the 60-64 age group at...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a dynamic continuum. Clinical outcomes reflect complex host-pathogen interactions. Epidemiological and animal studies have suggested influenza coinfection as a risk factor for progression from contained infection to active disease, but human studies have been lacking. Using a whole blood luminescent mycobacterial growth inhibition assay within a human influenza challenge study, we show that influenza infection reduces immunological control of mycobacterial...

CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination appears to be a safe and clinically meaningful preventive strategy in populations at high risk of cardiopulmonary complications. The strongest current evidence supports selected cardiovascular endpoints and influenza-related outcomes. This umbrella review provides an integrated synthesis of cardiovascular, respiratory, and safety outcomes while explicitly addressing review quality, overlap of primary studies, and certainty of evidence.

General practitioners (GPs) play a dual role in influenza prevention and control as both medical decision-makers and a high-risk population for infection. This study, based on the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA), aimed to explore GPs' influenza vaccination willingness and its influencing factors. Data were collected via an online questionnaire from February 11 to March 20, 2025, using convenience sampling. The questionnaire covered general profiles, influenza vaccination in the last season,...

INTRODUCTION: Influenza viruses continue to pose a global health threat, and available antiviral therapies are limited by resistance and reduced efficacy. Host-directed drugs such as MEK inhibitors have emerged as promising alternatives. Zapnometinib, a clinical-stage MEK inhibitor, has shown both antiviral and immunomodulatory activity. However, its impact on antigen presentation at the level of the HLA-I ligandome has not been investigated.

In mid-October 2024, the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) was notified of two cases of Legionnaires disease in persons who stayed at the same short-term vacation rental property and had both used the rental property's hot tub. The diagnoses were confirmed by urine antigen tests, and NYSDOH successfully isolated Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 from the sputum of one patient. Local health department staff members collected three samples from three sinks and two samples from two...

Immunocompromised individuals with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections are recognized reservoirs for viral evolution and the emergence of immune escape variants. We investigated intra-host evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 under distinct immune pressures exerted by plasma from kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 (B.6.6) and Omicron subvariants (BA.5.2 and XBB.1.5.57) were serially passaged in the presence of convalescent plasma. KTR plasma exerted selective pressure on...

BACKGROUND: Organization, time management, and planning (OTMP) difficulties are associated with academic underachievement. OTMP skills training programs are effective in reducing OTMP deficits and improving academic performance. A randomized controlled trial of Homework, Organization, and Planning Skills (HOPS) for students ages 11-14 found it to be effective with medium to large effects. In that study, HOPS was provided by counselors employed by the research team. This study is a replication...

INTRODUCTION: Pertussis is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. Hyperleukocytosis in pertussis contributes to a drastically worsened prognosis by promoting pulmonary hypertension and multiorgan failure, leading to accelerated disease progression and elevated mortality. Exchange transfusion can improve the prognosis of in children with pertussis and increase the success rate of treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: This feasibility study suggests that short-term engagement with a smartwatch-linked gamified smartphone app is achievable in CTR after ACS. However, adherence to predefined gamified exercise standards was lower than app use rates, suggesting that refinement of reward rules and target HR thresholds may be necessary.

In 2024, the field of kidney transplantation faced both notable successes and ongoing challenges. A record 27,660 kidney transplants were performed in the United States, an achievement driven largely by deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT) growth, although with only a modest increase from 27,351 kidney transplants in 2023. The number of adult candidates listed for kidney transplant rose to 143,982 (approaching the prepandemic peak of 2019), with 10.7% of candidates waiting 5 years or longer....

CONCLUSIONS: In this US prospective cohort, SDOH-based subgroups showed persistent disparities in health outcomes post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Findings highlight the urgent need for intersectional approaches to address systemic inequities in post-COVID-19 recovery.

CONCLUSION: Telephone visits were critical in maintaining access to primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eliminating telephone visits as a billable visit could disproportionately affect underserved populations.

This study aimed to identify the distinct intrinsic response potential of γδ T cells from COVID-19 patients with different illness severities, to better understand the implication of these cells in COVID-19 disease. Forty-four COVID patients were enrolled at hospitalization and classified as: moderate without oxygen support (MWO(2); N = 15), moderate with oxygen support (MO(2); N = 15), or severe disease requiring mechanical ventilation (SD; N = 14). γδ T cells were characterized ex vivo,...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with mental disorders are at increased risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19, but prognostic evidence specific to this population remains limited. This study aimed to develop and validate machine-learning models for predicting 31-day mortality among hospitalized patients with mental disorders and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19.

Influenza pandemics arise from novel influenza A viruses. Recent emergence of a new clade (2.3.4.4.b) of the highly pathogenic H5N1 in animals and humans highlighted its pandemic potential. We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of GSK's AS03-adjuvanted H5N8 vaccine in adults. In this phase 1/2, observer-blinded, age-stratified, randomized trial, healthy US adults (age, ≥18 y) received two intramuscular doses of hemagglutinin antigen (3.75 or 7.50 μg) with AS03(A) or AS03(B), administered 21...

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and hospitalization in infants. Since 2023, France has implemented two preventive strategies aimed at reducing RSV burden: long-acting monoclonal antibody nirsevimab and RSV vaccine for pregnant women, the latter becoming available from September 2024. This study aimed to assess the impact of RSV preventive strategies on the clinical severity and viral epidemiology of bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants.

INTRODUCTION: The diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis combined vaccine (DTaP) is a trivalent formulation containing acellular pertussis antigens, diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid, and provides simultaneous protection against pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of repeated intramuscular administration of an adsorbed acellular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (reduced-dose) combined vaccine (Tdacp) on gamete maturation, mating...

Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based vaccines delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNP) were pivotal in managing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. While mild systemic reactions are common after vaccination, rare neurological complications have raised concerns about potential structural cerebral changes. This prospective pilot study tested the hypothesis that LNP-mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination does not induce significant microstructural cerebral changes...

Ⅱ型慢性鼻窦炎（CRS）需要综合治疗。当完成轮廓化鼻窦开放手术后，同为Ⅱ型CRS患者，术后情况却表现出较大差异，因此围手术期及之后的中长期随访观察，以及针对性治疗，对提升总体治疗水平十分重要。本文通过呈现术后患者的随访过程，介绍对术后随访情况不同处理对策的探索及结局，阐述Ⅱ型CRS治疗的可选方案和依据，并强调Ⅱ型CRS术后“带息肉生存”为常态，评估中需关注患者生活质量的改善。.

CONCLUSIONS: Adequate vitamin D status, predominantly achieved through chronic cholecalciferol supplementation, was independently associated with reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection after vaccination. Maintaining sufficient 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations may represent a simple and potentially relevant strategy to optimize post-vaccination protection.