Lung/Thoracic Oncology – Pubmed

CONCLUSION: First-line immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy significantly improves survival compared with chemotherapy alone in advanced NSCLC. No statistically significant difference in overall survival was observed between domestically developed PD-1 inhibitors and pembrolizumab in this cohort; however, this comparison should be interpreted cautiously given the limited sample size, particularly in the internationally developed ICIs group.

CONCLUSIONS: Multicohort single-cell integration and spatial validation define a CAFs-centered, immune-excluded niche in LUAD characterized by coordinated stromal and myeloid programs. These findings improve current understanding of CAFs heterogeneity and fibroblast-myeloid coupling in LUAD and provide a framework for future strategies aimed at targeting stromal barriers and remodeling the immune microenvironment to enhance ICB responsiveness.

CONCLUSION: Greater engagement in an Internet-based TCM nursing program was associated with better QOL among lung cancer patients, and the association was consistent with a chain pathway involving social support and self-efficacy. Prospective and randomized studies are warranted to confirm temporal ordering and causal mechanisms.

CONCLUSIONS: In carefully selected octogenarians managed with minimally invasive surgery and ERAS, surgical invasiveness (extent of resection) was the dominant modifiable driver of recovery, whereas chronological age alone provided limited incremental discrimination of recovery speed. Favorable in-hospital recovery was not associated with increased short-term adverse events after discharge.

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), as a simple and reliable biomarker of systemic inflammation, has garnered significant attention in the clinical management of various inflammatory diseases and malignancies. By quantifying the relative counts of neutrophils and lymphocytes, this parameter reflects the body's immune-inflammatory status. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current research on the role of NLR in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) concomitant with...

CONCLUSIONS: Despite implementation challenges, PROs can improve symptom monitoring, communication, and patient-centered care in advanced NSCLC when key barriers are addressed.

CONCLUSION: These hypothesis-generating findings suggest that variations in GTF2I, TP53, and NOTCH1 may serve as candidate molecular markers for distinguishing thymoma subtypes and assessing patient risk. To date, this is the first targeted hotspot screening study of GTF2I, TP53, and NOTCH1 variants in TETs within the Vietnamese population.

Background and Objectives: Pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and heterogeneous postoperative outcomes. Early recurrence, often reflecting occult micrometastatic disease, remains a key determinant of prognosis and is insufficiently captured by conventional staging systems. We hypothesized that the lactate dehydrogenase-to-albumin ratio (LAR), as an integrative tumor-host biomarker, may provide biologically informed risk stratification in...

Background and Objectives: The presence of comorbidities in both the pre- and post-diagnostic periods is a critical consideration in the diagnosis and management of patients with cancer. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and burden of pulmonary and extrapulmonary comorbidities in patients diagnosed with lung cancer (LC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Materials and Methods: The data were obtained from official patient records of the Turkish Ministry of Health. Patients...

Radon-222, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, is the second leading cause of lung cancer globally, after tobacco use. When inhaled, its decay products, especially polonium-218 and polonium-214, emit high-energy alpha particles that induce dense DNA damage in the bronchial epithelium. Because ambient radon measurements often vary significantly over time and across locations, they provide limited insight into individual exposure levels. This suggests the urgent need for biological markers that...

Tumor progression is primarily driven by DNA mutations; however, this mechanism alone does not fully account for all aspects of tumor development. Beyond genetic alterations, epigenetic changes also significantly influence the mutational landscape and affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of these regulatory mechanisms, it is essential to analyze gene expression at the transcriptional level. In this study, we examined non-small cell...

INTRODUCTION: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are essential to determine intervention effectiveness yet they often fail to capture how and why interventions succeed or fail in different contexts. Embedding a process evaluation alongside a clinical trial allows exploration of implementation processes, intervention fidelity and contextual influences. The CANFit trial is a basket-design RCT evaluating a personalised, remotely delivered exercise intervention for people diagnosed with breast,...

CONCLUSION: Serial monitoring of TRACP-5b may provide supplementary information for detecting BM progression in patients with NSCLC treated with osimertinib.

The innate immune sensing system serves as a critical line of defense for recognizing tumor-associated abnormal nucleic acids and initiating antitumor immune responses, and it plays an essential role in lung cancer development, progression, and therapeutic response. Recent studies have shown that, under conditions such as genomic instability, mitochondrial damage, epigenetic dysregulation, and therapy-induced stress, lung cancer cells can release a variety of abnormal DNA, RNA, and...

CONCLUSION: Dual ICI therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 plus CTLA-4 inhibitors improves prognosis in advanced/metastatic NSCLC, with efficacy difference across subgroups. TMB may serve as a complementary predictive biomarker for dual immunotherapy.

CONCLUSION: mHSPC patients with LM exhibited a distinct clinical profile and more favorable prognosis in high-volume disease population. Tumor volume classification based on the presence of LM may require reevaluation to better guide treatment selection for patients with mHSPC.

CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate MHP1-AcN as a novel LGR4 antagonist that inhibits RSPO3-LGR4-Wnt signaling, tumor growth, and metastatic potential in lung adenocarcinoma, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent targeting this pathway.

CONCLUSION: Both RATS and VATS lobectomies were safely performed for early-stage NSCLC. RATS achieved perioperative outcomes comparable to those achieved with VATS, with a reduced intraoperative blood loss. The lymph node harvest was similar after propensity score matching, suggesting that RATS provides oncological quality equivalent to that of VATS.

CONCLUSION: These findings identify β-TrCP2 as a critical regulator of NSCLC cell lines, A549 and H1299 proliferation by coordinating G(1)/S cell cycle progression. Targeting β-TrCP2 may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC by disrupting cancer cell cycle control mechanisms.

CONCLUSION: AURKB contributes to LUAD progression by modulating MYC-driven oncogenic programs. Consequently, targeting the AURKB/MYC axis may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for MYC-dependent lung adenocarcinoma.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a rapidly evolving class of oncology therapeutics that enable precise delivery of potent cytotoxic agents to tumor cells while minimizing systemic toxicity. While HER2-targeted ADCs such as trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in HER2-mutant, Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-Dxd) in EGFR-mutant, and telisotumumab vedotin (Teliso-V) in MET IHC 3+ expressing lung cancer have already established a clinical role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), multiple ADCs targeting...

Objectives: The dependence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on glutamine has made targeting glutamine metabolism an attractive therapeutic approach. Dietary interventions are increasingly considered as adjuvant cancer therapies. This study aims to explore the relationship between glutamine starvation and ferroptosis in NSCLC and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: The effects of glutamine starvation were evaluated both in A549 and H460 NSCLC cell lines and in vivo...

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is frequently upregulated in multiple cancers and plays a central role in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. However, whether CDK1 directly regulates the histone acetyltransferase KAT8 (also known as MOF) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Here, we identify CDK1 as a kinase that directly interacts with and phosphorylates KAT8 at serine 348 (S348) and threonine 418 (T418). Mechanistically, CDK1-mediated phosphorylation, particularly at...

Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and is often accompanied by declines in musculoskeletal health (i.e., cachexia). Despite affecting a majority of lung cancer patients, cachexia remains understudied and currently has no cure. We have previously demonstrated that liver metastases (LMs) exacerbate cachexia in murine models of colorectal cancer, and, while the liver represents a common site of metastases and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer, whether LMs...

CONCLUSIONS: Acupressure is the primary strategy for alleviating dyspnoea in lung cancer patients, including those with pre-existing dyspnoea, followed by fan therapy, while multicomponent interventions are recommended for post-operative patients.

CONCLUSION: Our findings support real-world clinical decision-making favoring upfront platinum-based combination therapy for patients with rapidly growing NSCLC.

INTRODUCTION: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring nanoparticles secreted by diverse cell types and are increasingly explored as delivery vehicles and immunomodulatory platforms. Rigorous preclinical safety and immunotoxicological evaluation is therefore essential prior to clinical translation. Here, using a modified OECD 423 acute toxicity class method, we assessed the toxicity of EVs loaded with glucose oxidase (GOX) along with T-dependent antibody response (TDAR) analyses in...

CONCLUSION: The current study suggested that reduced RT combined with sequential chemo-immunotherapy might be feasible for older/frail patients intolerant to cCRT, showing numerically similar survival outcomes. These exploratory findings warrant confirmation in larger, adequately powered randomized trials.

Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A. Gray, a tree endemic to the Philippines, is the source of Manila elemi, an oleoresin shown to have anti-infective properties owing to its rich terpenoid content. However, its leaves have not yet been subjected to in-depth phytochemical studies. C. luzonicum leaf compounds were isolated by multiple chromatographic techniques and elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, MS, Polarimetry, IR, CD, and chemical reaction techniques. As a result, four new megastigmane glycosides,...

CONCLUSIONS: We report a pleiotropic locus between SSc and lung cancer, illuminating potential pathobiological mechanisms and providing gene candidates for future research.

Efferocytosis-the tightly regulated clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes-maintains tissue homeostasis and is impaired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where it contributes to persistent inflammation and increases the risk of comorbidities, including lung cancer. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β2 agonists (LABAs) are cornerstones of COPD therapy, but their effects on efferocytosis and on the COPD-lung cancer interface are incompletely understood. The primary...

Advanced imaging and lung cancer screening programmes have led to increased detection of small pulmonary nodules, highlighting the need for localisation techniques. CT-guided microcoil localisation facilitates intraoperative identification of such nodules. Its use in conjunction with robot assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) remains under investigation. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficiency of RATS for resection of lung nodules following microcoil localisation. A retrospective...

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma characterized by poor survival. Despite a high tumor mutation burden, biomarker discovery in SCLC remains challenging due to rapid tumor plasticity and limited tissue availability, highlighting the promise of liquid biopsy-based approaches. Epigenetic dysregulation of DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) has emerged as a cancer hallmark. However, its role in SCLC remains largely unexplored. Here, we characterized the cell-free...

Background/Objectives: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), where late-stage diagnosis, structural healthcare limitations, and regional epidemiological confounders complicate early detection. This review aimed to synthesize the evidence from Romania, Poland, Hungary, and Bulgaria and to outline a context-adapted multimodal screening strategy for CEE settings. Methods: A structured review of PubMed-, Scopus-, and Web of...

Natural products remain a major source of anticancer agents, yet freshwater organisms are largely unexplored. Building on our previous evidence that planarian mucus exerts cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, we investigated the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Mucus-induced cytotoxicity is ROS-dependent and associated with depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), not through inhibition of the System Xc^(-)...

Background/Objectives: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises biologically heterogeneous tumors, primarily lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), which differ in genomic landscape and clinical behavior. The tumor suppressor PTEN is a key negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and is frequently inactivated in NSCLC through genetic and non-genetic mechanisms. Although reduced PTEN expression has been associated with poor outcomes in lung cancer, its...

Glypican-1 (GPC1) has emerged as a critical mediator of malignant tumor progression. GPC1 plays essential roles in regulating various signaling pathways involved in tumor cell proliferation, invasiveness, and tumorigenesis. Overexpression of GPC1 in tumors mediates oncogenic transformation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metastatic dissemination, and therapeutic resistance. Accordingly, GPC1-targeted therapeutic strategies have been investigated in clinical and preclinical studies....

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality despite major advances in diagnostics and therapies. The prognosis remains poor, mostly due to late-stage presentation and molecular heterogeneity. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are common drivers of NSCLC. The development of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has significantly improved outcomes in patients with EGFR mutations. Variant allele frequency (VAF) is a...

Preoperative sarcopenia has emerged as an important determinant of adverse postoperative and long-term outcomes in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its frequent coexistence with systemic inflammation may further worsen survival outcomes. At the same time, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy have substantially improved pathological response and survival in resectable NSCLC. However, their interaction with host-related factors such as sarcopenia and systemic...

Background/Objectives: Liquid biopsy (LB) is transforming cancer care by enabling minimally invasive tumor profiling. While current research and clinical pathways mostly focus on blood LB, sputum represents a non-invasive, readily available respiratory specimen that may offer unique advantages for lung cancer (LC) care. Despite its potential, the maturity, breadth, and clinical applicability of sputum-based LB remain elusive. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to systematically map the...

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that immune-related snoRNAs may serve as potential regulators linking tumor progression and immunity and could be explored as candidate biomarkers for molecular subtyping with the potential to inform personalized immunotherapy strategies.

CONCLUSIONS: SULF2 expression was highly prevalent in surgically resected NSCLC; although higher expression showed numerically poorer survival, this difference did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings identify hypoxia-related APA features and characterize hypoxia-associated alterations within the NSCLC tumor microenvironmen, providing new insights into the molecular landscape of hypoxia-associated tumor progression.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Locoregional tumor control is strongly associated with survival for non-small cell lung cancer, emphasizing the importance of precise radiotherapy delivery. This study aims to evaluate a traffic light adaptation protocol regarding target coverage, protocol performance and patient outcomes.

Natural bioactive compounds present promising avenues for the prevention and therapeutic intervention of cancer. Octacosanol has garnered significant attention for its distinctive biological properties, yet its specific antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study systematically evaluated its antitumor effects and elucidated the associated molecular mechanisms. We confirmed that it dose-dependently inhibited A549 cell proliferation in vitro. It also remarkably...

CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided 3DPNCT-assisted ¹²⁵I seed implantation achieves robust dosimetric reproducibility and favorable plan accuracy in thoracic tumors. Despite minor deviations related to respiratory motion and intraoperative uncertainties, this approach provides a reliable and clinically feasible option for managing complex thoracic malignancies. Further prospective studies incorporating motion management and real-time adaptive planning are warranted to optimize its clinical application.

Immunotherapy has emerged as an established clinical approach for lung cancer; however, both intrinsic and adaptive resistance mechanisms substantially constrain its therapeutic efficacy. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) serve as pivotal stromal mediators of this resistance. These fibroblasts manifest their immunomodulatory effects, in part, through the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). While multiple lines of evidence strongly...

CONCLUSIONS: Based on the current limited evidence, this meta-analysis suggests that T2DM may be associated with poor OS in lung cancer patients treated with ICIs. However, due to the small number of included studies, limited sample size, inherent bias risks of the retrospective design, heterogeneity of tumor types, and the instability of PFS results. The conclusion of this study belongs to the 'put forward hypothesis' level and is not yet sufficient to support clinical practice recommendations....

CONCLUSION: In comparison to BACE, BACE plus anlotinib was associated with improved OS in elderly patients with NSCLC.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the second highest incidence and highest mortality rates globally, wherein immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-L1, highly-expressed in malignant cells bind to PD-1 located in immunocytes, leading to immune escape. We hereby investigate the role of phytomedicine Cepharanthine (CEP) in the regulation of PD-L1 in NSCLC and elucidate the involved mechanism. CEP showed robust cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells, as demonstrated by reduced cell...