Bone Neoplasms – Pubmed

Primary bone tumours of the pelvis usually present late, with large tumour size, in proximity to major neurovascular structures and visceral organs. Due to its operative morbidity, prolonged time of surgery, associated blood loss, and inherent anatomical challenges, internal hemipelvectomy is practiced in specialised centers only. This study was designed to evaluate the surgical complications and oncological outcomes in patients undergoing internal hemipelvectomy for primary pelvic bone tumours....

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor originating from cartilage-producing cells. Although rare in the hand, it is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in this location. We present a case of high-grade chondrosarcoma of the first metacarpal bone in an 85-year-old female, who presented with pain and severe limitation of hand function. Imaging studies initially suggested a giant cell bone tumor, and a tru-cut biopsy did not confirm chondrosarcoma. During the preoperative period, the tumor...

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) of bone is a malignant vascular neoplasm with a very low global prevalence. Nonspecific clinical and histopathological findings make the diagnosis of this tumor very challenging. In this case, we reported a 23-year-old male presented with persistent right buttock pain for 9 months (VAS 2-3). No other clinical findings were found. On plain radiographs, a lytic lesion was found on the right iliac wing. MRI showed iso- hyperintense lesions on both T1- and...

CONCLUSION: METTL14 and IGF2BP1 mediate the m⁶A methylation of ITGB3, further promoting the deterioration of OS, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of OS.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) and its variants are rare and aggressive malignancies, occurring in paediatric and younger adult populations. Adamantinoma-like ES (ALES) is one of its variants, characterised by EWSR1::FLI1 fusions, and is exceptionally rare, especially in older adults. There are a few similar cases reported in the literature. We report a rare case of an older adult with a complicated medical history and reported a left neck mass on a follow-up visit; the mass developed over nine months....

Composite resection of vertebrae with the posterior chest wall is technically challenging and highly morbid. Improvements in surgical technique and spinal reconstruction have enabled composite resection procedures to be performed safely in highly selected patients with potential for long-term cure. Composite resections frequently require multiple or extended incisions and have high rates of complications. Chest wall reconstruction is performed for large defects not covered by the scapula....

Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant bone tumor which primarily affects the juvenile population and is characterized by high rate of recurrence and metastasis. RNA editing has emerged as a key process in cancer progression. Herein, we investigated the role of RNA editing enzyme ADAR2 (Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA 2) in osteosarcoma. We demonstrated that ADAR2 expression increases during osteoblast differentiation and inversely correlates with the aggressiveness of osteosarcoma cells....

BACKGROUND Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most common primary cancerous tumor of the orbit in adults. Orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a slow-growing, low-grade B-cell NHL that typically presents as painless swelling or diplopia, with a favorable prognosis. These tumors often arise from acquired lymphoid tissue and may be associated with chronic inflammatory or autoimmune conditions. This report describes a 64-year-old man who presented with diplopia and right...

Cancer cells can repurpose a fundamental bone development program to escape therapy in a dormant state. This finding offers a way to detect cancer dormancy and assess recurrence risk using routine bone scans. See related article by Sreekumar et al., p. 781.

CONCLUSION: In EFTs, EWSR1 gene rearrangement is most common, followed by FUS gene rearrangement. CD99 immunohistochemistry with additional molecular analysis is essential for further classification of EFTs. A detailed diagnostic algorithm including histology, IHC, and molecular studies is imperative for accurate subcategorization of EFTs.

Various tumors can involve the orbital space. Although orbital tumors are rare, these sight-threatening and possibly life-threatening disorders consist of a broad disease spectrum. The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of orbital tumors presenting in a tertiary eye care centre and evaluate their Demographic pattern and Clinical findings. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Oculoplasty, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute & Hospital from August...

CONCLUSION: Soft-tissue reconstruction following a type III internal hemipelvectomy reduces the risk of postoperative hernia formation, with a low rate of donor site complications. This additional procedure should be considered for all patients undergoing this type of resection.

CONCLUSION: Routine chest radiography, reinforced by selective thoracic CT in symptomatic or suspicious cases, should be integrated into the follow-up of HMO patients to detect intrathoracic osteochondromas early. A lesion size of > 15 mm, chest pain, and paracardiac localization are strong predictors of surgical intervention and should guide clinical decision-making.

CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing surgery for upper extremity bone tumors frequently experience pain and psychological distress despite preserved independence in mobility and self-care. Age, pathology, treatment intensity and tumor location were associated with HRQoL. These findings highlight the importance of rehabilitation and psychosocial support in postoperative care, alongside oncological and surgical management.

Sarcomas account for 1% of adult malignancies, and 80% of them arise from soft tissue. Orbital leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor with less than 40 cases reported. The most common subsite is the conjunctiva, followed by the eyelid. We present a case of orbital leiomyosarcoma, which presented with progressive prominence of the left globe. The patient was treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. On the last follow-up, the patient is clinically disease-free. A review of the...

CONCLUSION: IDH2 and TP53 mutations are enriched in dedifferentiated CS and are significant, independent predictors of adverse survival, regardless of tumor grade. These findings support IDH2 mutation status as clinically meaningful prognostic biomarker that may allow risk stratification and clinical decision-making in CS patients.

CONCLUSION: Maxillary odontogenic myxomas require individualized, multidisciplinary management. The proposed algorithm, integrating tumor size, extension, surgical approaches, and reconstruction options, offers a practical decision-making tool to improve clinical outcomes.

Osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant bone tumour, presents significant treatment challenges due to its complex tumour microenvironment and the development of chemoresistance. This study employs single-cell transcriptomics to investigate chemotherapy-induced changes in osteosarcoma at both the cellular and molecular levels. Single-cell RNA sequencing data were analysed to identify cell subpopulations and their responses to chemotherapy. Differential gene expression and pathway...

CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the developed GaBG/CNS composite hydrogels possess considerable potential for simultaneous bone regeneration and osteosarcoma inhibition.

CONCLUSION: This case underscores the importance of considering malignancies in the differential diagnosis of persistent periapical lesions. Accurate clinicoradiographic assessment, histopathological confirmation, and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for timely diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.

Electrochemotherapy is a minimally invasive treatment based on the principle of reversible electroporation of target cells in pathologic tissues in order to increase the local effect of chemotherapeutic agents. The mechanism of action relies on temporarily increasing cell permeability to increase the uptake of cytotoxic drugs in the intracellular space. Originally developed for the treatment of cutaneous malignancies, electrochemotherapy has significantly evolved over the past few decades,...

Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults, is characterized by aggressive behavior, frequent metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Increasing evidence indicates that OS progression is not solely driven by tumor-intrinsic factors but is strongly influenced by dynamic interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This literature review synthesizes current research on the roles of endothelial...

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that functional impairment of GSK-3β and subsequent upregulation of Myc may promote the proliferation of Ewing sarcoma cells. Myc is normally phosphorylated by GSK-3β, which triggers its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Although CDK5 is recognized as a cell-cycle-related kinase, our results demonstrate that CDK5 is associated with increased inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β, resulting in functional suppression of its activity. As a result,...

We present the case of a 64-year-old male patient who reported right shoulder radiculopathy, right-hand weakness, and 3 kg weight loss. Physical examination revealed restricted active shoulder mobility. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a massive septated lesion in the glenoid that infiltrated adjacent tissues, indicating sarcoma. Core needle biopsy revealed metastatic poorly differentiated squamous cell cancer. Positron emission tomography scan results showed a primary lung tumor (stage IVB)...

The World Health Organization introduced substantial revisions in the 2020 fifth edition of the classification system for bone and soft-tissue tumors, reorganizing what were previously called the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors or Ewing-like sarcomas into a new category of "undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas" based on molecular genetic characteristics. This reclassification established four distinct entities: Ewing sarcoma (ES), CIC-rearranged sarcoma, sarcoma with BCOR genetic...

Osteosarcoma, the most aggressive primary malignant bone tumor, has stagnant therapeutic outcomes despite decades of standard MAP chemotherapy and surgery; 5-year overall survival (OS) is <30% for metastatic/recurrent cases. Plagued by genomic heterogeneity, immunosuppressive TME, and low immunogenicity, emerging immunotherapies lack robust large-scale clinical validation. We systematically analyzed 864 interventional osteosarcoma trials from Trialtrove (as of September 2025). Results showed...

Osteosarcoma (OS) remains a challenging malignancy with a high propensity for metastasis and poor survival outcomes. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs) have emerged as key mediators in the tumor microenvironment, promoting OS progression. This study identifies a novel molecular axis centered on circRNA-0010220 within BMSC-EVs that drives OS aggressiveness. We demonstrate that BMSC-EVs are internalized by OS cells, enhancing their proliferation, migration,...

CONCLUSION: Although the imaging features of olfactory neuroblastoma are non-specific, there are patterns of disease that should strongly suggest and stage this disorder. This is fundamental for surgical planning.

CONCLUSION: Liquidambaris Fructus can target PTGS2 and TGFB1 to inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth and metastasis, as well as to inhibit efferocytosis, thus alleviating osteosarcoma.

Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are rare aggressive endocrine tumours that commonly spread to the lymph nodes, liver and lung. Infrequently they metastasise to the bone and when present are often fatal.We report the case of a middle-aged male with a 23 cm ACC with extensive liver metastases at presentation. Index management was a two-stage procedure with resection of the primary lesion en bloc followed by hepatectomy with radiofrequency ablation to inoperable metastases. He had recurrence of...

A variety of malignancies can be found in the sinonasal tract including the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and skull base. Many of these are attributed to viruses, for example, carcinomas with the presence of transcriptionally active high-risk human papillomavirus, as well as Epstein-Barr virus associated malignant lymphoepithelial carcinoma and haematolymphoid neoplasias. Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant tumor of the olfactory fossa with an unknown etiology. We present the...

CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of patients with MSCC remains poor. Better stratification of patients to assess possible benefit of radiotherapy for MSCC is warranted.

CONCLUSION: Imaging-based risk stratification enables personalized treatment approaches for osteoid osteoma patients, who may benefit from alternative ablation protocols such as extended ablation time, higher temperatures.

CONCLUSIONS: In osteosarcoma patients with tumours in the extremities, trunk, head, and facial bones, age and histological type were independent risk factors for both suicide and survival outcomes. These findings highlight the need for clinicians to consider both clinical and psychological risk factors in patient management and underscore the importance of providing mental health counselling, particularly for those at high risk for suicide.

CONCLUSIONS: The FTOZ approach is a technically feasible corridor for resection of pediatric cranio-orbital tumors in selected cases. However, given the small sample size, short follow-up, and occurrence of major complications, these findings should be considered preliminary. Definitive conclusions regarding safety and efficacy await larger comparative studies.

Excessive bone disruption, driven by upregulation of bone-degrading osteoclasts, occurs in several pathologies, including breast cancer osteolytic bone metastasis, a condition associated with poor prognosis and diminished quality of life for patients. The matricellular protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) plays pleiotropic roles in physiological and pathological remodeling of several tissues, including bone, and in shaping the microenvironment of primary tumors and metastasis. This study aimed to...

CONCLUSION: Most BM in BC are in the lower extremity and pelvis and are lytic in character. The oncological outcome is poor, with short postoperative survival. The choice of surgical method should take into account the generally palliative stage of the disease. Patients presenting with late BM may have a better prognosis and thus benefit from more advanced surgical reconstruction. Surgery can provide symptomatic relief and structural stabilisation, but the risk for postoperative complications is...

RATIONALE: Orbital metastases are rare, partly because the orbit lacks lymphatic drainage. Metastatic disease initially presenting with isolated ocular symptoms is exceptionally uncommon. We report a case in which ocular manifestations were the first indication of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Osteosarcoma is a primary bone malignancy of adolescents and young adults with marked heterogeneity and a high metastatic propensity. Five-year survival exceeds 70% in localized disease but falls to about 20% with pulmonary metastasis or chemoresistance, and overall outcomes have plateaued for decades. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as critical mediators of osteosarcoma progression and metastasis. EVs remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME) by promoting immune evasion, extracellular...

This video tutorial presents a robot-assisted surgical resection using the da Vinci X system of an intrathoracic osteochondroma originating from the right third rib, in the context of hereditary multiple osteochondromas in a young patient who had previously undergone thoracotomy on the same side for resection of previous osteochondroma.

The web of causation of the upper airways cancers (UAC) is complex and, at present, only partially defined; certainly, a wide range of airborne viruses and chemicals is therein (with varying degrees of evidence) involved. Within the perspective of subsequent formal studies about this topic, a small case-series pilot has been performed, searching Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 18 and 16 markers in a set of tumour samples from 53 patients...

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights FINs as effective cuproptosis potentiators and suggests a novel combinatorial regimen that simultaneously targets cuproptosis and ferroptosis, offering dual antitumor and bone-protective benefits for OS therapy.

CONCLUSIONS: Combining EMMM and DALMA approaches provides a safe and minimally invasive option for treating lesions extending laterally into the ITF and PPF. Dual-portal configuration appears to improve instrument maneuverability and facilitate more extensive resection, thereby potentially expanding the applicability of ETS.

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Despite pretreatment inflammatory indices being independently associated with prognosis in human OSA, these values were not associated with either PFS or DSS in this study. Prospective investigation with a larger, standardized cohort is needed to further evaluate the prognostic role of pretreatment inflammatory indices in canine OSA.

CONCLUSION: The EST model effectively assesses OS in nonsurgical PCBM. The Gleason score holds greater prognostic value than local anatomical staging in this cohort, suggesting clinicians should prioritize early, aggressive combination treatments for high-Gleason, high-burden patients.

CONCLUSION: The reverse-engineered stock plates demonstrated accuracy comparable to the 2 mm clinical threshold. This method offers a promising, cost-effective alternative to PSI for mandibular reconstruction, especially in resource-limited settings, without compromising clinical outcomes. Further research is warranted to improve the workflow of the "makeshift" custom plates.

CONCLUSIONS: Human ligand-based OSM CAR-T cells displayed anti-tumor effects against multiple osteosarcoma cell lines and patient samples. These effects were demonstrated in vitro, in xenograft models, and against a model simulating metastatic disease. Overall, this data supports the continued study of OSM-CAR-T cells as a new therapeutic avenue for osteosarcoma.

Ezrin is a cytoplasmic protein that can exist in multiple conformations that are regulated by phosphorylation at Thr^(567). The phosphorylated, open form of ezrin generally has been considered the active form because it translocates to the plasma membrane. In contrast, the unphosphorylated, closed form of ezrin is sequestered in the cytoplasm and is considered inactive, although it directly interacts with cytoplasmic RNA binding proteins. Here, we found that the closed form of ezrin is itself an...

CONCLUSION: PCCT-guided bone biopsy with real-time BME mapping proved feasible and showed encouraging diagnostic performance in this small exploratory cohort. Larger validation studies are needed.

Evaluating the risk of pathological fracture in patients with bone metastasis continues to be a challenge. Clinicians use scoring systems such as Mirels', which are known to be unreliable. Patient-specific finite element (FE) analyses have been shown to be more effective than empirical clinical guidelines. While patient-specific FE models are valuable, they do not provide trends on fracture risk with respect to lesion locations that may apply across patients. Also, undertaking scans and...