Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia (PE) is a complication of pregnancy with high morbidity and mortality, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and impaired renal function. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum creatinine have potential as biomarkers for early detection of PE; however, data from Indonesia are limited. The aim of this study was to compare IL-6 and serum creatinine levels between pregnant women with PE and normotensive controls, as well as their diagnostic performance in identifying...

CONCLUSION: This study showed that a dietary imbalance in specific AAs represents a modifiable risk factor for PE. This finding, alongside an altered serum AA profile, opens new avenues for targeted nutritional interventions in high-risk pregnancies.

Preeclampsia, a common hypertensive pregnancy disorder associated with shallow trophoblast invasion, is a leading cause of perinatal and maternal mortality worldwide. Many studies have indicated that genes are differentially expressed between normal and diseased states. This study found that SUZ RNA binding domain containing 1 (SZRD1) expression was increased in placenta from preeclamptic pregnancies. However, the role and mechanism of SZRD1 in patients with preeclampsia are unclear. Gene...

Pre-eclampsia and foetal growth restriction (FGR) are major pregnancy complications primarily driven by placental dysfunction, and remain leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity. Ultrasound imaging, Doppler studies, and angiogenic biomarkers like placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) constitute the main diagnostic modalities; however, these predominantly reflect established disease rather than early molecular disturbances underlying...

Inflammation is a physiological and tightly regulated component of normal pregnancy, contributing to implantation, placental development, and the initiation of parturition. The placenta functions as an active immunological hub, coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses to maintain tolerance while protecting against infection. Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR) are major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity worldwide and represent central manifestations of placental...

Obstetrical diseases are complications associated with pregnancy or childbirth that can cause maternal sequelae and fetal complications. Among them, preeclampsia (PE) and preterm labor (PTL) are major causes of premature birth and are associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy, developmental delay, and hearing impairment in infants. However, reliable diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for obstetrical diseases remain limited. The aim of this study was to investigate genes...

CONCLUSION: Presence of peritoneal ascites in severe PE is associated with worse maternal and neonatal outcomes, including increased transfusion requirement and adverse perinatal indicators. Detection of ascites may serve as an important clinical marker of disease severity, highlighting the need for closer surveillance and timely intervention.

Pregnancies resulting from assisted reproductive technologies are associated with an increased risk of developing preeclampsia. Available data indicate that one of the risk factors is frozen embryo transfer in an artificial cycle. Assessment of the pulsatility index of the uterine artery along with maternal factors and serum biomarkers form the basis for preeclampsia screening in the 1st trimester. Current evidence suggests that the method of endometrial preparation for embryo transfer may...

CONCLUSIONS: The onset of preeclampsia before 20 weeks should raise suspicion of GTD. Timely, multidisciplinary management can achieve full disease resolution, preserve fertility, and avoid long-term sequelae, even in advanced clinical scenarios.

CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of placental abruption in preeclampsia significantly impacts neonatal well-being. Close monitoring of blood pressure, particularly systolic blood pressure, urine protein, platelet counts, and visual acuity is crucial for preeclamptic women to early identify the occurrence of placental abruption.

CONCLUSION: Evidence on the relationship between LDA use and anaemia in pregnancy remains limited and inconclusive. Available studies lack standardised haematologic endpoints, and LMIC-specific data are sparse.Contribution: This review highlights critical evidence gaps and underscores the need for well-designed prospective studies incorporating standardised anaemia-related outcomes in pregnant populations, particularly in LMIC contexts.

CONCLUSION: Spot PCR is a reliable test for quantifying proteinuria in all pregnant women, as the results were similar to that of a 24-h urine proteinuria test regardless of their HIV status. This shows that the spot PCR yields accurate results. The 24-hour test is inconvenient for pregnant women with and without HIV and is also expensive and time-consuming.Contribution: The UPCR can be introduced as an additional gold standard of PE analysis, especially in outpatients.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by new-onset maternal hypertension and multi-organ dysfunction. Although placental maladaptation and immune activation are well-established features of PE, growing evidence indicates that dysregulated neuro-immune-vascular integration critically contributes to disease initiation, progression, and long-term sequelae. Normal pregnancy requires coordinated immune and neural adaptations, particularly at the...

CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the potential role of the eNOS VNTR 4a/4b polymorphism in both the risk and severity of preeclampsia in the Algerian population.

Offspring of preeclamptic (PE) mothers are at increased risk of end-organ damage. Given the widespread use of NSAIDs during pregnancy and their reported ability to mitigate organ damage in PE mothers, this study examined whether prenatal naproxen modifies PE-induced lung injury in male and female offspring. PE was induced by orally administered L-nitro-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME, 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days) to mothers prior to labor, and lung tissues were excised from 3-month-old offspring....

Preeclampsia remains a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet progress in biomarker discovery and predictive modeling has translated only modestly into clinically meaningful risk stratification. Over the past two decades, numerous biomarkers and predictors reflecting placental-angiogenic dysfunction, maternal cardiovascular maladaptation, and inflammatory-metabolic stress have been proposed, alongside increasingly sophisticated statistical and machine...

Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with systemic oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction, yet its effects on red blood cell (RBC) stability and mechanics remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the structural and nanomechanical alterations of RBCs in third-trimester pregnancies complicated by non-severe and severe PE, compared with normotensive controls. RBCs are analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to assess protein thermal stability and atomic force microscopy...

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant complication during pregnancy with varying prevalence across countries and ethnicities. In Taiwan, although GDM prevalence rose from 7.6% to 13.4% between 2004 and 2015, its maternal gestational and extended consequences remained underexamined. The nationwide population-based study aims to investigate GDM-related risk factors and identify the critical period during which GDM likely poses long-term health risks.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP) is the most common pregnancy-specific liver disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of proteinuria in patients with IHCP and to evaluate its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This retrospective cohort study included pregnant patients with gestational age > 24 weeks who were diagnosed with IHCP and completed 24-hour urine protein collection at Haseki Training and Research Hospital (January 2018-December 2024). Proteinuria was...

CONCLUSION: Preeclampsia is characterized by measurable extracellular fluid expansion on bedside BIA. Elevated ECW/TBW is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes among hospitalized high-risk pregnancies, supporting the potential clinical utility of non-invasive fluid assessment for risk stratification in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy-associated PRES and RCVS are potentially life-threatening, rare conditions that can result in hemorrhagic stroke. PRES ± RCVS is strongly associated with preeclampsia with severe features, whereas puerperal RCVS seems to be a separate, later-occurring condition.

CONCLUSION: SPP1 is a central paracrine mediator of trophoblast-endothelial crosstalk, and its hypoxia-induced reduced expression drives vascular dysfunction in PE via the integrin αVβ3-PI3K/Akt-MMP-9/TIMP-1 axis. Our findings nominate SPP1 as both a promising biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for PE.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, pregestationally assessed cardiometabolic biomarkers were associated with increased risk of HDP in nulliparous women. For some biomarkers, the increased risk was observed below standard cutoff levels for a clinical diagnosis, that is, at subclinical levels. These results suggest that assessment of cardiometabolic biomarkers may improve identification of women at risk of HDP, both in preconceptional counseling settings and at enrollment in...

Preeclampsia is a severe gestational complication whose molecular pathogenesis remains poorly understood despite extensive research. It is now recognized that both maternal and fetal cells contribute to disease progression. Notably, single-cell RNA sequencing of cord blood cells from preeclamptic pregnancies has not been previously investigated, and this became the focus of our study. In this work, we performed flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of cord blood...

CONCLUSION: Longer IPI was independently associated with a modest increase in the risk of HDP, particularly among women without prior HDP. No significant association was observed for preeclampsia, suggesting that IPI may primarily influence the broader HDP phenotype rather than specific subtypes. These findings support the consideration of IPI in preconception counseling, with an emphasis on individualized risk assessment.

CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of eclampsia was low and remained consistent during the study period and the mortality rate approximates zero. Nothing indicates that the incidence will decrease unless we learn more about predictive factors. Few women were subsequently diagnosed with neurological disease or experienced neurological symptoms, but there appears to be a significant lack of good work practices for searching and follow-up of such symptoms and other consequences of eclampsia.

CONCLUSIONS: Ten prodromal symptoms exhibit far stronger associations with eclampsia than headache, visual disturbances, or epigastric pain. Eclampsia is uncommon without any prodromal symptoms. It may be useful to screen these symptoms among women with preeclampsia as part of clinical history taking to guide management. They could help direct magnesium sulphate prophylaxis to those with a higher risk of eclampsia.

CONCLUSIONS: While all women with diabetes show a gradual increase in NCR during pregnancy, it was not a useful marker in predicting preeclampsia. However, higher NCR was indicative of kidney damage in the first trimester and could potentially be useful for monitoring diabetic nephropathy.

CONCLUSION: First trimester PE screening by the FMF-UtA-PAPPA approach provides superior detection rates compared to the existing NICE approach in our predominantly East Asian population. This add-on to combined first trimester trisomy screening is low-cost and does not require laboratory investment, but still identifies many more high-risk pregnancies that would benefit from low-dose aspirin, thereby preventing many cases of preterm PE and their maternal-fetal complications.

CONCLUSION: Routine diagnosis of pre-eclampsia in malaria-endemic settings demonstrates moderate diagnostic performance, with considerable misclassification, particularly in the presence of concurrent malaria.

CONCLUSION: Fetal chromosomal abnormalities may indicate increased risk for PES parameters and risk assessments. Reduced NIPT fetal fraction in high-risk PES suggests potential placental dysfunction. Combining PES parameters and NIPT fetal fraction may provide reference for prenatal risk assessment.

CONCLUSIONS: GGT levels during early pregnancy have a dose-response relationship with the development of HDP and its subtypes.

CONCLUSION: This study successfully identified SPP1, CTSC, and SLC9A9 as candidate biomarkers for PE, which may lay the foundation for the development of new monitoring indicators and optimization of targeted therapy strategies.

CONCLUSIONS: Daily DHA supplementation (600 mg) from early pregnancy was safe and well tolerated but did not demonstrate a statistically significant effect on clinical phenotypes of impaired placentation. Given that the study was underpowered, definitive conclusions regarding efficacy cannot be drawn. Future studies should explore higher-dose or targeted supplementation strategies, particularly in women with low baseline omega-3 status.

CONCLUSION: Maternal serum SPARCL-1 levels are significantly lower in preeclampsia, with lower levels observed in early-onset disease. SPARCL-1 reflects a key component of endothelial structural integrity and may serve as a novel, accessible biomarker for the evaluation of disease onset subtypes.

CONCLUSIONS: RCA3, a novel approach incorporating sustainability audits, may be more effective than the standard RCA2 process in preventing medication error recurrence. RCA3 prioritizes effective, practical, and sustainable actions while distinguishing passive abandonment from active roll back. Thus, RCA3 offers health care systems a valuable tool to enhance patient safety and prevent errors.

Pregnancy induces a hypercoagulable state peaking at delivery and reverting postpartum. This prospective cohort study evaluated the longitudinal progression of endogenous thrombin potential in 102 high-risk pregnant women in relation to the development of preeclampsia or gestational diabetes mellitus. Samples were collected from gestational weeks 8-15, with follow-ups every 2-12 weeks, and thrombin generation was assessed using Calibrated Automated Thrombography. Eleven women developed...

Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the AGC kinase family. SGK1 is widely expressed in diverse tissues, whose expression and activity are regulated by numerous physiological and pathophysiological factors, including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, dehydration, ischemia, hyperosmotic stress, and radiation therapy. Following activation of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, SGK1 is phosphorylated at its...

CONCLUSIONS: The Simplified Pregnancy Risk Score represents the first structured, evidence-informed framework designed to support individualized pre-conception counseling and risk-aware antenatal management in kidney donors. Although formal validation is required, this system addresses a critical translational gap by converting population-level evidence into actionable clinical risk stratification.

TGFβ1 plays a key role in placental development, but its regulation of trophoblast function isn't fully known. Meanwhile, the TLR4/NF-κB pathway is linked to trophoblast dysfunction, yet the mediator linking TGFβ1 to this pathway is unclear. Thus, this study examines if tTG mediates TGFβ1's regulation of trophoblast functions via TLR4/NF-κB and its relevance in preeclampsia (PE). To address this, HTR-8/Svneo cells were treated with TGFβ1, cell migration, invasion, and proliferation were assessed...

Preeclampsia (PE), characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, presents substantial risks to both mother and fetus. Cuproptosis represents a newly identified form of regulated cell death; its potential association with PE pathogenesis remains unclear. We retrieved the GSE60438 dataset from the GEO database and identified 557 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with PE. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed, and by...

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been demonstrated with a role in pathologically driving various obstetric and gynecological (OB/GYN) diseases, but molecular mediators associating mitochondrial dysfunction with discrete pathologies have not been determined yet. CHCHD2, a bi-organellar protein called MNRR1 as well, integrates mitochondrial stress sensing with nuclear adaptive responses; nonetheless, its effect on reproductive disorder remains substantially paradoxical, which creates an important...

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy associated with elevated levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Esomeprazole (ESO), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) considered safe during pregnancy, has been proposed to reduce sFlt-1 levels in vitro. This study evaluated the effects of ESO in pregnant rats subjected to reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP), a well-established model of preeclampsia. Pregnant rats received saline...

CONCLUSIONS: Urinary PlGF shows acceptable stability for up to 48 hours under refrigeration and is stable over two freeze-thaw cycles. These findings provide essential preanalytical data supporting its potential use in clinical and research settings.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease impairing neuromuscular ‎transmission due to antibodies against acetylcholine receptors. Preeclampsia is a ‎pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder that can lead to seizures and cerebral ‎complications, typically prevented with IV magnesium sulfate.‎ In MG patients, magnesium is contraindicated as it inhibits acetylcholine release, ‎worsening muscle weakness and risking respiratory failure.‎ We present a pregnant MG patient with additional...

Compared with men, women with similar coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores face higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. We posited that circulatory factors, such as blood-borne extracellular vesicles (EVs) and metabolites, may be associated with the development of CAC and subsequent CVD in postmenopausal women. In addition, we hypothesized that a history of preeclampsia (PE), a sex-specific risk factor, might be a contributing factor. Clinical data were obtained from medical records...

CONCLUSION: Trophoblast-derived PZP deficiency contributes to immune dysregulation in PE by impairing TGF-β/Smad3 signaling, which disrupts M2 macrophage polarization and promotes a pro-inflammatory state at the maternal-fetal interface. PZP represents a promising therapeutic target and a potential placental tissue marker for PE, warranting further investigation into its utility for early risk stratification.

Metabolomics is a powerful tool for understanding biological function at the cellular level. While this omics technology has found application in areas ranging from toxicology to cancer, its potential for the study of human pregnancy complications is in its infancy. Proper placental function is critical for a healthy pregnancy and assessing placental metabolism offers a direct window into placental physiology. This review aims to analyse placental metabolomics in pregnancy complications in...

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with low-risk women who do not develop PE, high-risk women with or without preterm or term PE exhibit distinct cardiac maladaptation profiles from early to late gestation. These findings offer insight into the different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PE subtypes and should inform risk stratification. © 2026 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and...

Preeclampsia (PE) is a potentially life-threatening multisystem disorder affecting maternal and fetal health and is associated with impaired angiogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis. In this study, we characterized molecular, histopathological, and clinical alterations in placentas from 30 women with PE compared with 30 normotensive controls. Placental tissues underwent macroscopic evaluation, histopathology, immunohistochemistry for α-Klotho, endothelial nitric oxide...