Gestastional Diabetes

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest no alterations in placental monoamine catabolism in pregnancies complicated by maternal OWO, but indicate possible subtle changes in those complicated by GDM. The positive correlation between placental MAOA expression and MAO-A catalytic capacity in metabolically healthy pregnancies supports the use of MAOA mRNA levels as a proxy for MAO-A catalytic activity under physiological conditions. However, metabolic disturbances may disrupt this coupling, underscoring...

CONCLUSION: AIHA-induced shortening of the RBC lifespan causes falsely low HbA1c. We suggest that an HbA1c level < 4.0% in pregnancy should serve as a clinical "red flag," necessitating immediate 75g OGTT and a comprehensive hematologic workup (e.g., CBC and DAT) to prevent the masking of GDM and ensure optimal maternal-fetal outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy disorder. It is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, increasing the potential risks for both maternal and fetal complications. GDM is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes later in life. Management is a big issue in maternal health. New work has underscored the role of the gut microbiota in metabolism and immune function. This indicates that probiotics might exert their mode of...

CONCLUSIONS: Technology-based interventions may help support women in reducing their risk of type 2 diabetes following gestational diabetes mellitus, but substantial heterogeneity, significant risk of bias, and very low certainty in the evidence mean that the findings should be interpreted cautiously. Trials with larger samples and longer follow-up are required to draw firm conclusions.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the need for early screening and counseling before pregnancy. Lifestyle programs should focus on weight control and healthy habits. Future research should test whether these programs can reduce the rate of GDM in rural communities.

CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy following sleeve gastrectomy carries increased SGA risk, possibly due to unrecognised hypoglycaemia and/or nutrient deficiency. These pregnancies require additional patient education, nutrient monitoring and supplementation, and fetal surveillance.

CONCLUSION: A history of GDM is independently associated with increased HDP in a subsequent pregnancy only when GDM recurs, particularly among high-risk women. In contrast, a history of GDM without recurrence showed no significant association with s-HDP. The PE association was strongest in women with long interpregnancy intervals.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent pregnancy complication with significant short- and long-term consequences for mothers and offspring. While environmental factors, such as obesity and diet, contribute to the risk, genetic predisposition also plays a role in the pathogenesis of GDM. Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple susceptibility loci, including MTNR1B, CDKAL1, and IRS1, which represent mechanistically distinct pathways affecting β-cell function, insulin...

Risk factors for GDM contribute to a hyperglycemic intrauterine environment, which may in turn impair ANS function in the offspring. Altered ANS activity can be assessed through measures such as HRV.

INTRODUCTION: This multicenter retrospective cohort study investigates the association between in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk across demographic subgroups.

CONCLUSION: GDM exerts a causal effect on CTS, largely mediated through CCS-driven oxidative, immune, and fibrotic pathways. CCS emerges as a promising biomarker for risk stratification and a potential therapeutic target. These findings provide a mechanistic foundation for early CTS surveillance and personalised management in women with GDM, addressing an important unmet clinical need in perinatal care.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of adverse outcomes of HIP in Africa is high, in particular CS, preterm delivery and neonatal hypoglycaemia, with higher frequencies in pregestational T1DM and T2DM compared to GDM. Additionally, T2DM prevalence in women post-GDM is about 50%. The outcome data predominantly come from a few studies, indicating the necessity for more high-quality research to improve HIP-related maternal and child health in Africa. The high heterogeneity across most outcomes suggests...

CONCLUSIONS: Women with GDM were receptive to genetic risk-prediction for T2DM, with low concerns around data usage. Demographic differences in acceptability and motivation highlight the need for inclusive, targeted communications and lifestyle support alongside integration testing into postnatal-GDM care.

CONCLUSIONS: In vertex-vertex twin pregnancies, successful vaginal delivery is achieved in approximately 95% of cases. Gestational diabetes mellitus independently increases the likelihood of cesarean delivery for the second twin, suggesting a possible metabolic influence on labor dynamics. Optimal glycemic control and vigilant intrapartum management may help minimize cesarean conversions. Larger multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore the effect of diabetes...

CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women with DM2 were eightfold more likely to have CI compared to pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance.

CONCLUSIONS: This research offers direction as to potential considerations when planning and implementing models of care in rural areas. Additional research confirming the priorities within the rural context is needed to support the development of optimal care delivery for pregnant people with diabetes living in rural regions.

CONCLUSIONS: Insulin-treated GDM was a positive predictor of birth parameters, LGA, and macrosomia. Further studies may compare the outcomes against various treatment selection criteria to evaluate the adequacy of current treatment guidelines.

Childhood obesity has emerged as a major global public health concern. Recent reports indicate that the worldwide obesity rate among children and adolescents has climbed to 8.5%. Obesity-related conditions present serious health risks. The causes of childhood obesity are multifactorial, with growing attention from researchers on the link between maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and an elevated risk of obesity in offspring. This association can have lasting effects throughout...

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that mitophagy dysregulation is an early and persistent defect in GDM, with MUL1, PINK1, TOMM7, and ATF4 emerging as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The results support the hypothesis that mitochondrial quality control failure contributes to the pathogenesis of GDM with similar patterns shown in both placental and cord blood tissues. However, these genes were not significantly altered in plasma, highlighting tissue context as a critical factor in...

PURPOSE: Adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes (APPOs), including pre-term birth, pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes, can result in maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, parental anxiety and increased healthcare costs. A better understanding of the causes of APPOs is essential to inform lifestyle and pharmaceutical interventions for their prevention and management. Given the difficulty of undertaking randomised controlled trials in pregnant women, triangulating evidence from...

Objective: To investigate the association of prepregnancy overweight/obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with autistic-like behaviors in children. Methods: The data from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort between May 2013 and September 2014 were used,the information about prepregnancy weight, height, gestational weight gain, and pregnancy complications were collected in the first, second, and third trimesters. Children were screened for autistic-like behaviors at 18 months of age. Logistic...

CONCLUSIONS: Maternal GDM induces subtle, sex-specific cardiac structural changes in infants, particularly in male infants. Although not clinically overt, these alterations may indicate long-term cardiovascular risk, highlighting the need for longitudinal follow-up and research to clarify their predictive value for future cardiovascular disease.

CONCLUSIONS: In this review, we scientifically evaluate herbal medicines used in the treatment of diabetes during pregnancy in terms of their place, importance, and considerations.

CONCLUSION: The one-step 75 g OGTT increases diagnostic labeling without improving short-term clinical outcomes. Post-load OGTT values-particularly 2-hour glucose levels-provide the most clinically meaningful prognostic information and may support a risk-stratified approach to GDM management rather than expansion of diagnostic thresholds alone.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder during pregnancy and a significant risk factor for maternal and neonatal complications. Although management strategies have improved, early identification of high-risk cases remains challenging. This study aimed to clarify whether GDM exerts a causal effect on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), a hepatic disorder associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. We performed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis...

CONCLUSIONS: Macrosomia remains a significant public health concern in Africa, with a pooled prevalence of 6.35%. There are multiple risk factors associated with macrosomia in Africa, including the male sex, prolonged gestation and a prior history of macrosomia. Also, macrosomia increases the likelihood of shoulder dystocia and other delivery complications. Preventive strategies and targeted interventions are needed to reduce the burden of macrosomia in Africa. At the same time, enhanced...

Objective: To explore the association of liver function indicators in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: From June 2021 to December 2022, pregnant women who underwent prenatal check-ups at week 24-28 were recruited from the case group and control group in a ratio of 1∶2 at Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The liver function indicators of early pregnancy were collected from the electronic medical record system. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used...

CONCLUSIONS: The AoI Doppler flow measurements may serve as a potential adjunctive marker in the assessment of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus. However, further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to validate its clinical applicability and establish its role in routine obstetric practice.

CONCLUSIONS: This study established gestational age-specific reference intervals for major biochemical parameters in Japanese pregnant women. TG, AST, and TC were associated with HDP, whereas glucose and ALT were associated with GDM, providing clinically relevant insights into metabolic adaptation and pregnancy risk assessment.

Epidemiological evidence links tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP) exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but mechanistic insights remain unclear. This study demonstrated that gestational TNBP exposure induced a GDM-like phenotype in pregnant mice, characterized by glucose intolerance, but not in nonpregnant female mice. This pregnancy-specific susceptibility might be attributed to significantly higher internal levels of TNBP and its metabolites dibutyl phosphate (DNBP) and...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a transient pregnancy disorder marked by insulin resistance and oxidative stress. In type 1 and 2 diabetes, reduced red blood cell (RBC) membrane fluidity, measured by Laurdan-GP, associates with vascular risk, but its role in GDM is unclear. This study compared GP with intrinsic RBC autofluorescence (green-to-red ratio, AFG,R) to identify a better marker of metabolic stress in GDM. Forty-eight pregnant women were enrolled (31 GDM, 17 controls)....

CONCLUSIONS: Trimester-specific dietary patterns were differentially associated with fetal growth trajectory and neonatal birth size. These findings highlight the importance of trimester-tailored dietary guidance for optimizing fetal growth during pregnancy.

Numerous epidemiological studies have linked maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) to neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring, such as autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, recent evidence challenges a direct causal relationship: sibling-matched analyses show similar risks regardless of gestational DM status, and glycemic control during pregnancy does not consistently predict neurodevelopmental outcomes. We propose that exposure to environmental...

CONCLUSIONS: The gut microbiota may moderate the associations between PM(2.5) exposure and blood glucose levels, and both PM(2.5) exposure and gut microbiota may be related to GDM, potentially involving pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and the insulin signaling pathway. However, lifestyle factors (diet and physical activity) and residential mobility were not measured, and the fecal microbiota was assessed at a single time point in mid-pregnancy. Thus,...

CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize the critical impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on the pro-inflammatory reprogramming of the placental immune microenvironment in GDM, providing potential targets for anti-inflammatory and immunometabolic interventions.

CONCLUSION: The early pregnancy FLI is an independent risk factor for GDM. A high FLI is predictive of GDM risk.

Introduction Obesity is a common problem with increasing prevalence and health consequences. In pregnant patients, its impact seems equally worrying affecting large population. Some obesity complications in pregnant women have not been examined, in particular link with fetal macrosomia. Aim: The study aimed to assess the obesity factor associated with cesarean section and birth-weight infants. Methods In a retrospective study, 174 women were recorder in the period from 2021 to 2022 in the...

CONCLUSIONS: Unhealthy behavior profiles were observed among women with prior GDM. High starch intake and insufficient activity were associated with greater prediabetes risks. Screening and education on physical activity and diet may warrant particular attention among women with non-precarious employment, low family income, or no family history of diabetes. In addition, integrating strategies that enhance psychological health and improve external environmental resources into lifestyle-related...

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that preconception combination therapy with DRSP/EE and orlistat significantly reduces the risk of GDM in overweight or obese women with PCOS. DRSP/EE monotherapy also exhibits a potential protective trend, although the effect is less robust compared to the combination regimen. While differences in HDP and other pregnancy outcomes did not reach statistical significance, the combination therapy group yielded the most favorable clinical profile, achieving the...

Recognition and binding to β-galactose-containing carbohydrates and lipids are crucial for several fundamental biological processes that are mediated primarily by a family of proteins known as galectins (S-type lectins). Galectins in the human placenta regulate critical processes such as maternal-fetal immune tolerance, trophoblast invasion, vascular remodeling and angiogenesis, ensuring proper fetal development and preventing pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and miscarriage....

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the most common metabolic complications of gestation, affects approximately 10-15% of all pregnancies and represents a significant challenge for obstetricians and diabetologists aiming to reduce adverse feto-maternal outcomes. Medical nutrition therapy remains the cornerstone of GDM management, alongside lifestyle modification and pharmacological treatment in the presence of unmet glycemic targets. However, current dietary recommendations primarily...

CONCLUSIONS: Mid-pregnancy serum AAs, particularly Cys, Lys, Met, and Cit, were associated with GDM risk. These findings highlighted the heterogeneity of GDM metabolic signatures and support AAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of GDM.

CONCLUSION: GDM is significantly associated with elevated long-term risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. These findings underscore the necessity for long-term monitoring and preventive strategies in this population, even after postpartum glucose normalization.

Time in range (TIR) derived from continuous glucose monitoring and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) are independent predictors of maternal and neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, their combined effect on neonatal outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the joint influence of TIR and HOMA-IR on neonatal outcomes in GDM patients. In this retrospective cohort study, 166 women with GDM were categorized into 4 groups...

CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy after bariatric surgery appears safe and was associated with a reduced risk of several obesity related adverse pregnancy outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Excessive gestational weight gain was significantly associated with GDM, underscoring the importance of monitoring maternal weight gain to prevent complications.

CONCLUSIONS: Machine learning-based models enable predictive, preventive, and personalized obstetrics, facilitating early interventions and improved perinatal outcomes, though external validation and regulatory frameworks are essential for clinical adoption.

In infants born to women with diabetes (DM), this study explores associations of urinary metabolite patterns with adiposity development in the newborn period. In term and preterm (30-36 weeks gestational age) infants, body composition assessments were completed at hospital discharge. In urine samples from the first week, a targeted metabolomics assay was used. Quantile regression was used to evaluate associations of metabolite groups with DM in pregnancy and infant adiposity. Among 91 infants,...

CONCLUSION: The findings of the current study revealed significant cardiac dysfunction and dyssynchrony in fetuses of diabetic pregnant women. We also found that the IVMDI, which indicates the extent of inter-ventricular dyssynchrony, and the LVMPI index, which indicates the global dysfunction of the heart, can be used to predict adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated with overt diabetes.

CONCLUSION: Significant alterations in serum metabolic profiles were observed in women with GDM after a glucose load during the second trimester. The differential metabolites were primarily lipids and lipid-like molecules, mainly involved in amino acid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism-related pathways.