Contraception pubmed results

Through intersectionality theory, this study examines how gender and geographical location interact to shape adolescents' access to health education in centralized systems, using sex education in Chinese vocational high schools as an illustrative case. Drawing on data from 3167 adolescents across regions with varying development levels, we demonstrate how educational institutions reproduce gender hierarchies and geographical inequalities through differential access to sex education. Students in...

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the ability of pharmacies to dispense mifepristone since 2023, most pharmacies in San Diego are not yet able to dispense.

Sex hormones and hormonal contraceptives influence the regulation of sleep-wake behavior. However, there are very few large-scale studies to date that have comprehensively evaluated how hormonal contraceptives influence women's sleep health. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the existing research on hormonal contraceptive use and sleep in women ages 18-50. The systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis...

Vascular anomalies (VA) are disorders of capillary, venous, arterial, and lymphatic endothelium and include vascular tumors and vascular malformations. VA are often diagnosed in infancy or childhood and may involve the vulva, vagina, perineum, rectovaginal septum, uterus, or bladder. Individuals with VA can have gynecologic issues like anatomical distortion, pain, prepubertal bleeding, abnormal uterine bleeding or special considerations for contraception, menstrual management or pregnancy...

Infertility is a common perceived side effect of contraceptive use among women in sub-Saharan Africa, and fear of infertility can affect contraceptive choices. While no choice is inherently negative, it is critical that women have accurate information about side effects to ensure contraceptive decision-making agency. Despite the prevalence of infertility fears, little is known about women's specific beliefs, where they originate, and how they inform contraceptive decisions. We sought to fill...

CONCLUSION: Unwanted pregnancy culminating in a request for termination is a potent risk factor for depressive symptoms, particularly among socioeconomically vulnerable women, but not necessarily for anxiety. These findings underscore the critical need to integrate mental health screening, especially for depression, and comprehensive, patient-centered contraceptive counseling into routine antenatal and post-abortion care services. Addressing the psychosocial needs of this population is essential...

ABSTRACT: Birth control and sexually transmitted infections are global concerns. Nonoxynol-9 is the most commonly used component in spermicides, with controversial safety and efficacy. LL-37 has been considered the most promising antimicrobial peptide for developing spermicides. Thus, we aimed to refine the regime of N-9 through the adjunction of LL-37 with higher spermicidal efficacy, safety, and antimicrobial activity. Processed sperm from density gradient centrifugation were treated with...

About two-thirds of all HIV infections in 2024 were in sub-Saharan Africa, where adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) bear a disproportionate burden. Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) offers an HIV prevention option for AGYW at high risk who are unable to negotiate safer sex with male partners. Primary health care clinics (PHCCs) staffed by nurses are an important access point for health services, including antiretroviral treatment, family planning, and antenatal care. Effective...

CONCLUSION: Longer reproductive lifespan is associated with reduced risk of bronchiectasis in post-menopausal women - but only in those without history of HT use.

CONCLUSIONS: These approaches support a shift from routine exclusion toward proactive and ethical inclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding individuals in clinical research, helping address longstanding evidence gaps and improving therapeutic decision-making.

Gestodene is a synthetic progestin and a potent human progesterone receptor (PR) agonist, used in contraceptives and hormone therapy. However, in vitro data suggest that gestodene acts as a PR antagonist in zebrafish (Danio rerio). In the present study, adult zebrafish of both sexes were exposed to gestodene at concentrations of 100 and 600ng∙L^(-1) for 45 days. The effect of gestodene on cumulative oviposition was monitored throughout the experiment. Exposure to 600ng∙L^(-1) of gestodene...

CONCLUSION: Reliance on OB providers appears effective short-term but raises concerns about sustainability, particularly given documented OB-GYN workforce shortages. Over-consultation risks narrowing ED competency with pregnancy-related care, potentially exacerbating barriers to care in rural or resource-limited settings.

CONCLUSIONS: Relying solely on digital resources to share SRH information is inconsistent with the realities of privacy and navigating social interactions raised by texters. Patient navigation services like RBY serve a critical role of real-time navigation support to bridge gaps that the formal systems fail to address.

This study evaluated Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Structural Rearrangements (PGT‑SR) outcomes in carriers of complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs). Four CCR couples underwent PGT‑SR, and 20 karyotypically normal couples underwent Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT‑A) as controls. Embryo biopsies were analyzed by next‑generation sequencing (NGS), and Mapping Allele with Resolved Carrier Status (MaReCs) was used for breakpoint mapping. Literature data from 31 additional...

CONCLUSIONS: Among ART users, CLIUC is associated with increases in cervicovaginal cytokines, across functional classes. This supports LNGLIUS as a less inflammatory option for WLHIV to minimize genital immune activation.

Rates of unintended pregnancy continue to remain high in the United States. Pharmacist-prescribed hormonal contraception offers an accessible option for preventing mistimed or unintended pregnancies, leading to better reproductive health outcomes. Specifically in Indiana, studies show patient interest in this service, however, overall pharmacy implementation and patient awareness has been low. This project aims to explore strategies for educating pregnancy-capable people in Indiana about the...

The menstrual cycle is characterized by fluctuations in ovarian hormones that influence the regulation of physiological systems, including homeostatic adjustments in cardiovascular control. The sympathetic nervous system maintains refined control over cardiovascular homeostasis through adjustments in systemic and local hemodynamics, and via neural reflexes and sympathetic neurovascular transduction. However, the extent to which these autonomic pathways are modulated by endogenous hormonal shifts...

In the past 2 years, evidence suggesting an association between depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (dMPA) use and meningioma has emerged. As dMPA remains one of the most widely used contraceptive methods worldwide, this finding has led to increasing media attention, and regulatory and legal proceedings. The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) has issued a statement acknowledging the association between dMPA exposure and the development for meningiomas. However, the paucity...

Necrotising Fasciitis (NF) is a severe infection leading to the destruction of muscle fascial compartments and overlying soft tissue. These infections arise following the direct disruption to one's skin integrity, with large proportion of these infections due to group A streptoccous (GAS). These infections often lead to extensive tissue defects rendering reconstruction challenging. This report looks at the first recorded case of necrotising fasciitis following insertion of an implantable...

BackgroundIn Ethiopia, young women's pregnancy is a serious public health issue that hurts the health outcomes of both the mother and child. However, no research has been done on the use of contraceptives to delay first birth and associated factors among married young women aged 15-24 in Ethiopia.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the contraceptive use to delay first birth and its associated factors among married young women in rural parts of central Oromia, Ethiopia, in 2024.DesignA...

Male fertility depends on sperm motility, which enables sperm to traverse the female reproductive tract to the site of fertilization. Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a key regulator of sperm motility defining it as a promising non-hormonal contraceptive target for women and men. To evaluate the efficacy of sAC inhibitors under conditions mimicking the female reproductive tract, we employed a capillary assay using cervical mucus isolated from humans or cows as well as methylcellulose, a...

This paper examines how expanding the legal definition of sexual assault affects fertility and sexual behavior, using a panel of European countries. I find that switching to tacit consent-based legislation reduces fertility by about 4% relative to the mean. This effect is driven by a decrease in couple formation and an increase in abortion rates. Supporting evidence is consistent with a behavioral channel in which more risk-averse individuals withdraw from dating and partner markets following...

CONCLUSION: Hormonal contraceptive use shows no consistent short-term cardiometabolic risk; however, modest adverse changes in high-risk populations requires risk-stratified use and further standardized longitudinal research.

No abstract

Some synthetic progestins contained in hormonal drugs (e.g., oral contraceptives) are known to have androgenic activity; however, the roles of such androgenic activity in the regulation of nutrition and metabolism remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects of testosterone on nutrition- and metabolism-related parameters in the presence of both estrogen and progesterone. Female rats were ovariectomized and randomly assigned to a no-treated group (OVX), an estrogen and progesterone-treated group...

The Dual Prevention Pill (DPP) is a daily oral pill containing oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for protection against HIV and a combined oral contraceptive (COC) for the prevention of unintended pregnancy, currently under development. However, little is known about healthcare providers' (HCPs) perspectives on this potential new multipurpose prevention technology (MPT). A more granular understanding of HCP views about the DPP may support efforts to ensure equitable introduction of and access...

CONCLUSIONS: Fertility rates in Somalia remain high and are shaped by structural and behavioral factors. Expanding girls' education, delaying childbearing, improving literacy, and ensuring equitable access to contraception may help reduce fertility and improve population health.

Parenthood fundamentally reshapes economic trajectories yet establishing causality remains methodologically challenging due to selection and timing endogeneity. This study introduces a novel identification strategy exploiting contraceptive failures as an exogenous source of variation in parenthood status. Using nationally representative survey data, I compare individuals who experienced contraceptive failures resulting in births against those using contraception who did not conceive. The...

BackgroundFemale sex workers (FSWs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face higher risks of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. This risk can be reduced with correct and consistent use of dual contraception, defined as the concurrent use of a barrier method together with another modern contraceptive methods. However, there are limited and fragmented data on the prevalence and factors associated with dual contraception use among FSWs in SSA.ObjectivesOur systematic...

CONCLUSIONS: Young patients with lung cancer demonstrated mutation-specific environmental exposure patterns distinct from older populations. EGFR pathway and Fusion-Positive patients had the highest diet quality scores, driven primarily by higher intake of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, food categories with established protective associations and documented pesticide residues.

OBJECTIVE: This article reviews distinct acquired and congenital etiologies, age-specific and sex-specific risks, and lifelong implications of cerebrovascular conditions in children and young adults.

CONCLUSION: Compared with placebo, weekly vaginal tamoxifen was associated with reduced anxiety symptoms and clinically relevant reduction in overall pain. Although anxiety levels were in the non-clinical range, these changes may still be meaningful for individuals. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms and broader benefits of vaginal tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with and without breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Hirsutism is a prevalent androgen-dependent condition that significantly affects women's physical and psychological health. Despite decades of study, major gaps persist in understanding local androgen metabolism, the role of insulin resistance, and individualized treatment responses. This review aims to provide a contemporary update that integrates recent molecular, diagnostic, and therapeutic advances.

Individuals pursuing gender-affirming care should receive comprehensive counseling regarding their reproductive options and be offered fertility preservation prior to medical or surgical transition. All fertility preservation and infertility treatment modalities available to cisgender individuals are also available to transgender individuals. Fertility preservation should prioritize methods with the highest potential for future live birth, particularly mature oocyte or sperm cryopreservation....

Patient preference plays a big role in deciding which contraceptive option is right for them. Testosterone, while not a contraceptive, can induce amenorrhea, but it does not reliably inhibit ovulation, so pregnancy is still possible if transmasculine patients are exposed to semen. No contraceptive option is considered superior from a dysphoria standpoint and shared decision-making should be used to determine the right choice for the patient. Estrogen-containing contraceptives tend to be less...

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth face significant health disparities, underscoring the critical need for equitable, evidence-based care. Based on substantial evidence, the gender-affirming care model remains the standard of care. TGD youth may seek gynecologic expertize for a variety of reproductive health care concerns. This article outlines essential considerations for clinicians when providing gender-inclusive services to pediatric patients. Key areas addressed include creating a...

Background/PurposeMycophenolate compound (MMF, to represent both mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic acid) is an immunosuppressant used to treat Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Due to its teratogenicity, the FDA recommends universal mycophenolate Risk Evaluation and Mitigations Strategies (MREMS) to prevent unplanned pregnancies and minimize fetal exposure. This quality improvement initiative aimed to improve documentation of the MREMS protocol in the encounter clinic note from 0% to 75%...

CONCLUSION: Traditional contraceptive methods use, and its share to the overall contraceptive use have steadily increased over time. Socio-economic-cultural structure of TCM users is increasingly more urban, higher education, and older women, which may be reflective of empowerment. However, there is a need to assess the impact of the increased TCM use on adverse outcomes such as unintended pregnancies, abortions and maternal mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: In overweight/obese women with PCOS, low-dose tirzepatide combined with MET was associated with greater reductions in body weight and visceral fat, along with improvements in metabolic and reproductive outcomes compared with MET monotherapy.

CONCLUSION: Our drug-target MR analysis found no causal association between OCs use and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the role of steroid hormone metabolism pathways involving genes such as NR1I2 and SRD5A1 requires validation in future studies.

We integrated Ko and Neuberg's proposed framework with the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis to suggest that ancestrally novel dimensions of the environment not only pose their own affordances but may also interact with other environmental dimensions to dynamically alter the affordances they pose. Using hormonal contraceptives as an illustrative example, we delineated several testable predictions that follow from these ideas.

CONCLUSIONS: Women with primary infertility had an increased risk of early menopause and collectively underwent menopause 1 year earlier than women without a history of primary infertility.

We report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of targeted degraders directed against testis-specific serine/threonine kinases TSSK1 and TSSK2. A stable CHO-K1 cell line expressing HiBiT-tagged TSSK1 enabled quantitative cellular profiling and identified compound 5.1 as a potent TSSK1 degrader with a DC(50) of 10 nM and a D(max) of 68% after 48 h. In contrast, ex vivo incubation of CD1 mouse sperm with degrader 5.4 induced up to an 80% reduction of the TSSK2 isoform within 4 h...

CONCLUSION: This study highlights critical gaps in adherence to reproductive and mental health counselling guidelines within ambulatory neurology clinics for RAYE. Patients are not receiving adequate reproductive health guidance, and mental health comorbidities remain insufficiently captured in clinical documentation, factors that collectively undermine the standard of care provided to this population.

CONCLUSIONS: Altruism may be a strong motivator for contraceptive research participation among medically complex patients. Both patients and clinicians desire new efficacious, safe, low side effect contraceptives for patients at increased thrombosis risk. Virtual participation options address common participant recruitment and, likely, retention barriers. Clinicians anticipate that research teams that reflect participant demographics may lead to better representation of at-risk populations in...

No abstract

The global family planning movement's entanglements with neo-Malthusian antinatalism, negative eugenics, and coercion at its foundation have been well-documented, but how eugenic ideologies and coercive tactics have evolved to manifest in current global family planning programs is less well-understood. Here, we draw from seventeen focus group discussions with women ages 15-49 in an anonymized African country to explore contraceptive coercion and eugenic logics in contemporary family planning...

CONCLUSIONS: Despite TRICARE's equal healthcare coverage for service members, perinatal depression remains high among ADSW, suggesting that coverage alone is not sufficient. This study identified key factors that can be used to advocate for enhanced screening protocols and policy reforms, such as extended maternity leave and improved access to specialty providers with the goal of supporting postpartum recovery, maternal, infant, and family health, and ultimately force readiness.

There is an urgent need for additional PrEP choices in U.S. Latinas. We conducted a hypothetical acceptability study on the dapivirine/PrEP ring among a low-income, predominantly Latina population. One hundred fifty-two women recruited from a community clinic waiting room attended a brief informational session and completed an onsite survey. We explored predictors of interest in future ring use. Most women (77%) elected Spanish survey language (SLS) and had a main sexual partner. Less than one-...

CONCLUSION: The lack of disability identifiers in national registries creates statistical invisibility, hindering resource allocation. Urgent actions include prohibiting coercive medical interventions and training professionals to recognize non-verbal trauma indicators. Future research should address the data gap in Southeast Asia and employ participatory design approaches to enhance the understanding of the region's health issues.