Prevention – Pubmed

Cardiovascular disease is frequently diagnosed in birds that are presented to veterinary hospitals, and atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular condition identified in postmortem evaluations of pet psittacine birds. Atherosclerotic lesions are accumulations of lipids, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and foam cells in the intimal layer of a blood vessel, narrowing the lumen. A reduced lumen diameter in a blood vessel typically results in physiological complications, such as ischemia,...

CONCLUSION: Raised awareness of the importance of lipid management in T1DM is needed. However, the observed discordance in target attainment across lipid biomarkers can lead to uncertainties in clinical decision-making on how to best apply current lipid management recommendations for optimal cardiovascular risk prevention in T1DM.

CONCLUSIONS: By evaluating real-world implementation challenges, FitPreV will provide foundational evidence to guide larger-scale effectiveness trials studying personalized prevention approaches into national primary care settings.

CONCLUSION: Finerenone offers proven efficacy in CKD and DM2. For treatment-resistant hypertension, classic steroidal MRA's remain valuable. Patient-specific factors including blood pressure and susceptibility to hyperkalemia can further guide MRA selection.

CONCLUSIONS: The GNB3 825T-allele was associated with a reduced risk of recurrent stroke in patients with large-artery atherosclerotic acute ischemic stroke. In exploratory analyses, this association was observed in the aspirin monotherapy subgroup; however, the formal interaction with aspirin use was not statistically significant. These findings support a potential prognostic role of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism and warrant further validation in independent cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive prestroke RF management, defined by study-specific treatment- and biomarker-based criteria, was independently associated with a higher likelihood of favorable 3-month outcomes across levels of RF burden. These findings suggest that effective prestroke management of existing RFs may improve poststroke functional outcomes, regardless of the number of RFs present.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dyslipidemia remains a common and treatable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the United States (US) and worldwide. In 2026, the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), and other US societies released a new guideline on the management of dyslipidemia. This review summarizes 10 key takeaways in the primary prevention setting from the 2026 multisociety guideline on the evaluation and management of dyslipidemia.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The high disability and fatality rates of DFU raise the importance of early medical treatment. However, delays in seeking medical treatment among DFU patients are common, emphasizing the need for targeted health education. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a Multi-Theory Model (MTM)-based foot care education program on improving healthcare decision-making and foot...

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Public health responses to CVD require complex, multisectoral strategies that combine population-wide preventive interventions with individualised approaches. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as transformative tools in this field, enabling more accurate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment personalisation. However, most AI applications remain confined to...

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of global mortality, and growing evidence shows that regular exercise is one of the most effective non-pharmacological strategies to prevent and modify their progression. Exercise exerts its benefits on the cardiovascular system in multiple ways. It improves lipid metabolism by lowering LDL-cholesterol, reducing triglycerides, and increasing HDL-cholesterol, which provides a protective function by slowing atherosclerotic plaque development....

Cardiovascular diseases are characterized by mechanistic heterogeneity, varied genetic and environmental risk factors, and diverse clinical manifestations. Precision medicine has emerged as a paradigm to identify patient subgroups more clearly that share pathophysiologic, diagnostic, and/or therapeutic characteristics in order to harness them for more effective disease prevention and management strategies. Cardiovascular biomarkers have provided a starting point for applying a precision...

The association of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) control level with hypertension onset in children was still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between AIP control levels and risk of childhood hypertension. We obtained data from 12,800 students participating in a national, multi-center, school-based health lifestyle intervention program aimed at combating obesity. AIP was calculated using the formula log(10)(TG/HDL-C), and was categorized into five clusters based on...

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is required to prevent atherothrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The default DAPT strategy, namely a potent P2Y(12) inhibitor combined with aspirin for 12 months, exposes many patients to excess bleeding risk. Over the past years, alternative antithrombotic regimens have been proposed to reduce bleeding (DAPT abbreviation or de-escalation) or ischaemic (prolonged dual...

ObjectiveTo assess the causal effects of specific eating habits on ischemic stroke risk and functional outcomes using Mendelian randomization.MethodsThis two-sample Mendelian randomization study used genetic variants associated with 32 eating habits as instrumental variables. Summary-level data were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies of individuals of European ancestry. The primary analysis used the inverse-variance weighted method, supplemented by sensitivity analyses to...

Flow diverters play an important role in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms; however, their use can be associated with thromboembolic complications. Thus, in recent years, flow diverters with surface coatings have been developed to prevent thrombus-related complications. In this study, the hemocompatibility of the flow diverters FRED X with poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) coating and the DERIVO 2heal with fibrin/heparin coating, as well as the uncoated DERIVO 2 flow...

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease with high disability and morbidity. However, therapeutic approaches are restricted by a narrow time window for reperfusion. Astilbin has various pharmacological activities and good therapeutic potential against ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, Astilbin's mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we used an integrated strategy that includes network pharmacology, omics validation, and functional verification....

Despite their reduced viability, kidneys from donors-after-circulatory-death (DCD) increase the pool of transplantable kidneys. Molecular hydrogen (H(2)) is emerging as a gas with therapeutic potential against graft injury. We investigated the effect of H(2) in an ex vivo porcine model of DCD kidney transplantation. Renal arteries of male Yorkshire pigs (n = 6) were clamped in situ for 60 min to induce ischemia, and ureters and arteries were cannulated to mimic DCD kidney injury. Upon...

Background: Residential lifestyle medicine programs have documented immediate and long-term improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors. Despite this, adherence among participants varies in such programs, limiting the positive outcomes that can be achieved. This study aimed to assess how adherence to positive lifestyle behaviors correlates with cardiometabolic risk factors at the end of a residential lifestyle medicine program and at three or more months of follow-up. Methods: Patients enrolled...

Background/Objectives: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and a significant cause of severe visual impairment. Intermittent fasting (IF) has demonstrated metabolic benefits. We investigated the association between IF and DR risk in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included participants of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 aged ≥40 years who were diagnosed with...

CONCLUSIONS: A shift toward the DASH dietary pattern in Spain demonstrates potentially convergent health and environmental associations, promoting population cardiovascular health potential while simultaneously mitigating environmental impacts.

CONCLUSION: Engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors was positively associated with female sex, older age, and higher awareness of MetS-related complications. The limited practice of waist circumference monitoring underscores the need for targeted education and personalized preventive strategies to enhance CVD risk reduction among individual aware of MetS.

The Carotid Revascularization and Medical Management for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Trial (CREST-2) concluded that addition of transfemoral carotid artery stenting to intensive medical therapy (IMT) among patients with high-grade Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis (AsxCS) led to a significantly lower risk of periprocedural stroke/death or postprocedural ipsilateral stroke within 4 years as compared with IMT alone. In contrast, addition of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) did not lead to...

QT prolongation causes torsades de pointes sudden death from heritable, pharmacologic, metabolic, nutritional triggers. Its dimensions have been studied separately. This integrative review synthesizes research on molecular pathogenesis, acquired/metabolic/nutritional risks, clinical stratification, therapy, and AI prediction. Dual-function channel mutations and post-translational defects underlie congenital LQTS beyond classic three genes. Drug-gene-metabolic interactions amplify acquired risk;...

CONCLUSION: Most breakthrough IS/TIA events on oral anticoagulation were either associated with anticoagulant under-exposure (in patients with a cardioembolic aetiology) or a competing mechanism rather than anticoagulant failure. These findings highlight the importance of careful assessment to inform appropriate secondary prevention strategies.

CONCLUSION: Hybrid repair for complex Stanford type B aortic dissection is a safe and effective treatment strategy when supported by structured perioperative nursing management. Standardized nursing protocols play a critical role in maintaining hemodynamic stability, preventing major complications, and promoting postoperative recovery.

CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination appears to be a safe and clinically meaningful preventive strategy in populations at high risk of cardiopulmonary complications. The strongest current evidence supports selected cardiovascular endpoints and influenza-related outcomes. This umbrella review provides an integrated synthesis of cardiovascular, respiratory, and safety outcomes while explicitly addressing review quality, overlap of primary studies, and certainty of evidence.

AIM: The "2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome" retires, replaces, and expands upon the "2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults." The primary intended audience for this guideline is clinicians who care for patients across the spectrum of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, an interrelated condition characterized by the interconnections among metabolic...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which encompasses deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common preventable complication in hospitalized patients. Risk assessment tools allow for easy stratification of patient VTE risk and have been demonstrated to reduce incidence of VTE. However, risk assessment tools remain underutilized in clinical practice. This scoping review aims to explore barriers and facilitators to VTE risk assessment usage to improve rates of hospital-acquired...

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, reduced-dose DOACs demonstrated similar efficacy in preventing recurrent VTE while offering an improved bleeding profile, supporting their potential role in long-term management of cancer-associated thrombosis, though larger prospective studies are needed to define optimal dosing strategies.

CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis highlights distinct and shared barriers and facilitators to CVH in 2 emerging adult populations with diabetes, emphasizing the need to assess age-specific factors and tailor clinical interventions accordingly.

The global rise in anticoagulant use has increased the number of major bleeding events that warrant timely and effective pharmacologic reversal. Reversal strategies should be informed by the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic features of the anticoagulant and antidote, regulatory indications, quality of evidence, patient-specific factors, and availability of treatment options. Protamine sulfate neutralizes unfractionated heparin, whereas no specific antidotes exist for low-molecular-weight...

CONCLUSIONS: We found that suvorexant improved visual acuity and retinal vascular insufficiency by reducing retinal inflammation and improving glucose homeostasis in db/db mice. Our findings suggest that orexin receptor inhibition, with suvorexant, may be a potential treatment for ocular complications associated with T2D.

Coronary artery obstruction is a potential life-threatening complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in all settings including native, valve-in-valve, and redo-TAVR. Risk of obstruction can be identified on preprocedural computed tomography. BASILICA (bioprosthetic or native aortic scallop intentional laceration to prevent iatrogenic coronary artery obstruction) effectively prevents TAVR-induced coronary obstruction. Perceived technical complexity, limited availability of...

CONCLUSIONS: BASILICA is technically feasible for both stented and stentless valves. However, stentless valves had a higher rate of partial CAO after BASILICA and TAVR and may therefore require additional or alternative coronary artery protection measures in selected patients.

CONCLUSIONS: BASILICA and BA-BASILICA create similar sized vertical splays in the leaflet neoskirt, whereas UNICORN generates larger FSAs but only when intraleaflet deployment is feasible. The design, alignment, and implantation depth of the second TAV may influence the FSA after leaflet modification.

CONCLUSIONS: Continued efforts are needed to encourage guideline-directed LLT intensification for patients with a recent myocardial infarction who are at risk of another cardiac event.

The myocardial protective effect of sevoflurane (Sev) has been confirmed, but its potential molecular mechanism remains not fully elucidated. To unravel the functional contribution and mechanistic basis of miR-300, its involvement in sevoflurane-elicited cardioprotection against myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury was probed in the present investigation. AC16 cardiomyocytes were preconditioned with Sev at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, followed by H/R treatment. miR‑300 and...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common monogenic lipid disorder, characterized by lifelong elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and a markedly increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Although the genetic prevalence of FH does not differ between sexes, women with FH face unique challenges across their lifespan that contribute to their cardiovascular risk. This review synthesizes current evidence on the trajectory of FH in women,...

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) has paradoxically been associated with slower abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth, despite its adverse vascular profile.MethodsWe present a focused synthesis of contemporary longitudinal cohort studies reporting AAA growth rates according to diabetes status and metformin exposure.ResultsAcross six independent cohorts, patients with diabetes consistently exhibited slower aneurysm expansion compared with patients without diabetes, with reported differences of...

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This economic evaluation found that routinely initiating DOAC therapy in all patients with device-detected subclinical AF is unlikely to be cost-effective. Whether treatment is cost-effective in patients with very high CHA2DS2-VASc scores is uncertain.

CONCLUSION: In our study, the already high percentage of patients with adequately prescribed LMWH-thromboprophylaxis could potentially be increased further with the implementation of a CDS tool. With increasing amounts of data available in electronic health records, CDS tools might be an efficient and sustainable intervention to improve healthcare quality.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that untreated women with type IIHBS have a high risk of pregnancy complications, which might warrant thromboprophylaxis regardless of VTE risk.

Globally, a lower-extremity amputation occurs every 20 s as a complication of a diabetic foot ulcer, underscoring the urgent need for effective preventive strategies. Previous studies have shown that temperature-based foot monitoring can reduce both the incidence and severity of diabetic foot ulcers. However, real-world adherence data for remote temperature monitoring remain limited, particularly in diverse or resource-constrained communities. We conducted a pilot implementation study of 20...

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first systematic review to synthesize post-COVID-19 literature on HCPs' perceptions of DHIs in CVD primary and secondary prevention. While offering a rich, global overview, limitations include a predominance of qualitative studies and lack of data from low-income countries. Effective implementation must address workload, align with workflows, and build trust through training and leadership.

CONCLUSION: Considerable variation exists in the reporting and definition of outcomes in studies addressing pVTE, with lack of representation from core areas other than clinical/physiological outcomes. Further work to standardize outcome reporting, and incorporation of patient-important outcomes in future research will be indispensable to advance evidence-informed and patient-centered care for this population.

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury represents a major pathological component of ischemic stroke and is driven by a complex cascade of neurochemical and molecular events, including excitotoxicity, oxidative and nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, and regulated cell death pathways such as apoptosis and ferroptosis. Tanshinones, a class of lipophilic diterpenoid quinones derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), have...

This scoping review explores and synthesizes the literature on thromboembolic events in physically restrained patients in mental healthcare settings, focusing on patient characteristics, associated risk factors, and treatment strategies. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, PubMed and Scopus were searched through September 2025 for studies reporting thromboembolic events in patients subjected to physical restraint in psychiatric settings. Two reviewers independently performed study selection and...

Updated U.S. and international hypertension guidelines reflect new studies and analyses that support changes in hypertension management. The 2025 U.S. guideline for prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure (BP) recommends lower BP targets, greater use of out-of-office BP for diagnosis and medication titration, and a different approach to severe hypertension presenting without acute or evolving cardiovascular disease symptoms or signs. New treatments for resistant...

CONCLUSION: Lowering BP of below 130/80 mmHg in old and very old patients was associated with better cardiovascular and mortality outcomes without increased adverse events. These findings suggest that a lower BP target may be beneficial and safe for older patients with hypertension.

Diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases carry high rates of disability and mortality, and their medical costs are prohibitively expensive. Shifting management upstream is imperative. The risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in diabetic populations exists prior to the onset of diabetes. Can lifestyle interventions targeting the prevention of diabetes in people with pre-diabetes also extend to reducing cardiovascular risk? The Daqing Diabetes Prevention Study (DQDPOS) in China...