Obstructive Lung Disease Results from Pubmed

CONCLUSION: Only about half of patients initially diagnosed with CAP in the emergency setting had a confirmed diagnosis at discharge, indicating that CAP in this context should be regarded as a working diagnosis rather than a definitive entity. Isolated laboratory, imaging, and vital sign parameters showed limited ability to distinguish CAP from alternative diagnoses, highlighting the importance of structured reassessment after admission to confirm or revise the initial diagnosis and to reduce...

CONCLUSION: From 16.5 ℃ to 40.0 ℃, personal temperature exposure is associated with SpO(2) decline during sleep in COPD patients. There was a significant synergistic amplification between temperature and humidity, patients were more susceptible to damage under high temperature and high humidity conditions. Moreover, patients with poorer lung function are more significantly affected by temperature.

Pregnancy-associated hemodynamic overload and hormonal changes induce hypertrophy and metabolic remodeling of the maternal heart. Mitochondrial motility, mediated by ras homolog family member T (RHOT) 1 and RHOT2, is essential for cardiac adaptation to increased workload, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and sarcomere maturation. To test the hypothesis that Rhot1/2 expression is required for pregnancy- and postpartum-associated adaptations of the maternal heart, female mice with tamoxifen-inducible,...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with emphysema contributing significantly to dyspnea, exercise limitation, and mortality. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using endobronchial valves (EBVs) has emerged as a minimally invasive, reversible alternative to lung volume reduction surgery for carefully selected patients with severe emphysema who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy. EBVs are one-way valves placed bronchoscopically...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) often leads to anxiety and depression, adversely impacting patients' quality of life. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the prevalence and correlation of anxiety and depression among COPD patients categorized by the GOLD guidelines. Hence, a total of 160 clinically stable COPD patients were assessed for anxiety and depression using the Hindi translations of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires. Spirometry was used for classifying COPD severity as per...

CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that a brief educational intervention may improve general practitioners' knowledge and intended prescribing of lower-carbon inhaler alternatives, particularly in asthma scenarios. However, the outcomes were based on theoretical clinical vignettes rather than real-world prescribing data, and the study was not designed to assess the safety or clinical effectiveness of changing inhaler prescriptions. Future studies should evaluate sustained changes in...

CONCLUSION: COPD patients with a high exacerbation risk in China had a substantial disease burden and important gaps between real-world management patterns and GOLD recommendations. These findings suggest opportunities to improve guideline implementation, particularly in secondary and county-based hospitals. Future studies should evaluate whether targeted quality improvement interventions can improve patient outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of COPD in Sri Lankan adults is similar to global figures, is more common in males and the majority had less severe forms of the disease. A considerable proportion of COPD patients were females and non-smokers. Interventions focusing on targeted educational campaigns for risk groups and having facilities for spirometry at primary care level while decreasing the incidence of COPD is likely to improve early detection of the condition.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two chronic conditions with significant global impact and high incidence, frequently occurring as comorbidities. This article analyzes the particularities of pathophysiological, genetic, and epigenetic interactions, as well as the therapeutic implications in patients with both conditions. Additionally, the clinical management of these patients is investigated in correlation with updated international guidelines,...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years, both clinical guidelines and therapeutic options have evolved significantly. The aim of the DELFIN COPD 2 study (Deutsche Expert*innenbefragung: Leitlinien, Fakten, Informationen, Nutzereinschätzungen zur COPD 2), was to provide an up-to-date overview of outpatient care for COPD patients led by pulmonologists in Germany. As part of a nationwide cross-sectional survey, 377 office-based...

This study investigated acute rejection in ABO-compatible versus ABO-identical lung transplants from 2005-2023, with a secondary objective of comparing 5-year survival. Lung transplantation improves quality of life and survival; however, organ scarcity remains a major challenge. While ABO-identical matching has traditionally been preferred, evolving allocation policies and research have increased the use of ABO-compatible transplants to expand the donor pool. A retrospective cohort study using...

Sotatercept has recently expanded treatment options for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but its mental health and quality-of-life impact is not well characterized. We assessed psychiatric diagnoses and patient-reported outcomes in PAH patients treated with sotatercept within the clinical trial program. PAH Patients previously assessed for psychiatric disorders and quality of life were re-evaluated after ≥ 6 months of sotatercept exposure. A senior psychiatrist performed a Structured...

CONCLUSION: Polycythemia was associated with higher risk of atherosclerotic events. While careful evaluation is warranted, the benefits of SGLT2i were not modified in a significant manner among those with pre-existing or who develop polycythemia after treatment initiation.

CONCLUSIONS: People with a higher FVC adjusted for age, sex, and height have a longer survival. Regional adjustments to lung function standards are inappropriate when assessing prognosis.

CONCLUSION: It remains unclear whether changes in phenotype reflects the biological variability of the measure or disease progression. The instability of adult spirometry classifications across serial spirometry measurements suggests this approach does not adequately capture the complexity of prematurity-associated lung disease during the growth period.

CONCLUSION: Asthma patients in Pakistan face a substantial MM burden influenced by sociodemographic factors, highlighting the need for patient-centered care.

CONCLUSION: A generic, 8-week telewellness program designed for individuals with mobility limitations was acceptable and beneficial for individuals with COPD.

Purpose To investigate the association between impaired lung function and pulmonary perfusion defect percentage (QDP) using phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI. Materials and Methods In this prospective study (March 2023-July 2024), participants underwent spirometry to assess lung function, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Lung function was classified as either normal or impaired, with the impaired category including airflow...

BACKGROUND: Deep learning-derived, chest radiographic (CXR) age may capture subclinical structural changes associated with spirometric impairment.

CONCLUSION: Gas transfer measurements provide valuable, early information in assessing physiological impairment and risk of poor outcomes in both AATD and non-AATD COPD.

CONCLUSIONS: HAP contributes substantially to the respiratory and economic burden in Morocco. These estimates should be interpreted considering the regional source of exposure data and the application of pooled international relative risks to the Moroccan context.

CONCLUSION: ACO constituted a considerable proportion of patients among those diagnosed with COPD or asthma. Smoking exposure, persistent eosinophilic inflammation, and functional impairment were intermediate between asthma and COPD.

This minireview, inspired by the 20^(th) Anniversary Stem Cells, Cell Therapies and Bioengineering in Lung Biology and Diseases conference, summarizes two decades of advances in human-specific lung disease modeling. We discuss endogenous stem cell-based platforms for both distal alveolar and proximal airway epithelia, including primary alveolar type II cell, bronchial and nasal epithelial cultures established as organoids, air-liquid interface cultures and ex vivo preparations. Advances in...

A cornerstone of treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is inhalation therapy. However, incorrect use of inhalers can increase the risk of exacerbations. Adherence to inhaled medications and patient satisfaction are interrelated and play critical roles in achieving optimal symptom control. This study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction with and adherence to inhalers among individuals with COPD. A prospective single-center observational study was conducted in a South Indian...

CONCLUSION: With radiologists still partly disagreeing on which IFs should be reported, international evidence-based guidelines around IFs reporting and management are highly awaited but challenging.

CONCLUSION: The PROGNOSIS registry highlights the critical role of comprehensive management in bronchiectasis, emphasising infection control and treatment adherence. It underscores the need for personalised treatment by identifying the underlying aetiology and reinforces the ongoing importance of research in improving patient care and quality of life.

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Periodontal status has been associated with infection in lung diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). However, evidence regarding its association with bronchiectasis remains limited, despite the shared clinical and pathophysiological characteristics between the two conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether periodontal treatment affects not only the microbiota of saliva but also that of sputum and nasal secretions in individuals with...

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: In this study, patients with COPD had poor HRQoL, which indicates that patients need multidisciplinary interventions. Older age, poor social support, an increased number of prescribed medications, an increased number of hospitalisations in the past year, biomass fuel exposure, low and moderate medication adherence, GOLD severity stages 2, 3 and 4, and the presence of comorbidities require close follow-up to improve HRQoL. Further research should evaluate targeted...

Efferocytosis-the tightly regulated clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes-maintains tissue homeostasis and is impaired in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where it contributes to persistent inflammation and increases the risk of comorbidities, including lung cancer. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β2 agonists (LABAs) are cornerstones of COPD therapy, but their effects on efferocytosis and on the COPD-lung cancer interface are incompletely understood. The primary...

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are closely linked through shared inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), shared by both conditions, may represent a key mechanistic link between systemic inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and COPD outcomes. Objective: To assess the prevalence and clinical correlates of MetS and examine whether increasing MetS burden is linked to more severe symptoms and a higher comorbidity...

CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent atelectasis or airway hypersecretion in neonates should raise suspicion for PCD, even in the absence of situs inversus, and targeted diagnostic evaluation should be pursued.

CONCLUSION: mHealth-supported COPD management was associated with improved symptoms, reduced dyspnea, enhanced small airway function, and fewer acute exacerbations in a real-world setting. Given the non-randomized design, these findings should be interpreted as reflecting associations rather than definitive causal effects. This approach may offer a practical strategy for improving long-term disease management and reducing healthcare burden in community-based COPD care.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) requires accurate severity staging for treatment planning and prognosis. Machine learning models for COPD severity prediction typically treat Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages as nominal categories, ignoring their natural ordering. We developed an ordinal neural network framework that explicitly models the ordered structure of GOLD stages (1-4) while learning from heterogeneous clinical datasets with differing...

CONCLUSION: The designed instrument demonstrated excellent content validity in Relevance and Vocabulary components and good validity in the Clarity and Coherence component, with items that were relevant, clear, coherent, and used appropriate vocabulary, as supported by I-CVI, S-CVI/Ave, and Aiken's V.

CONCLUSIONS: In this hospital-based screening cohort, COPD severity varied systematically across demographic, symptom-related, and socioeconomic characteristics. These findings describe stage-related gradients within the screened population and may inform targeted management strategies.

CONCLUSIONS: The IOS indices, along with quantitative CT imaging and radiomics features, could provide a reliable tool for differentiating asthma from COPD patients. This approach could serve as an alternative and/or a complement method for patients who find it difficult to perform PFTs.

CONCLUSION: Emphysema acts as an "accomplice" in accelerating the remodeling and pruning of small pulmonary vessels, with this phenomenon persisting even in populations with preserved pulmonary function.

CONCLUSION: Contextual fear conditioning had a profound morphological effect on the innervation of the left ventricular myocardium of female but not male mice. This may have implications for cardiac function in female patients with anxiety disorder and requires further investigation.

No abstract

CONCLUSION: PREFUL MRI sensitively captured immediate SD T/O-induced improvements in V/Q parameters and dose-dependent PWV responses after sustained bronchodilation.

CONCLUSIONS: The immune cell transcriptomic profile of COPD BAL reveals global immune dysregulation, with increased abundance of proinflammatory and profibrotic macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils, potentially driving airway remodeling. Regulatory T cells may play a significant role in gas exchange perturbations of COPD.

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis and diabetes commonly coexist and are associated with immune dysfunction and increased susceptibility to infection. Although diabetes is associated with worse prognosis in cystic fibrosis-related bronchiectasis, data are scarce for its impact on non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. This study aimed to characterise the impact of diabetes on clinical outcomes and microbial and inflammatory profiles in patients with bronchiectasis.

CONCLUSIONS / IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Based on this sample, the results indicate the LCSSI has acceptable internal consistency and validity, supporting its use as a reference tool for symptom assessment in patients with COPD during the late recovery phase for Long COVID.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, COPD was associated with lower life expectancy, including in adults who never smoked.

The identification of ubiquitous risk factors determining long-term morbidity is crucial in infants born prematurely when aiming to develop prevention strategies. In a cohort of deeply phenotyped infants born before 32 weeks gestational age, we successfully demonstrate that exposure to fine particulate matter during pregnancy is associated with increased odds of preeclampsia and altered birth weight percentiles, highlighting potential underlying effects on vascular and metabolic pathology in...

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PCD had more severe disease, reinforcing the need for structured screening in patients with bronchiectasis. nNO combined with clinical features is an effective and reliable screening strategy for PCD in bronchiectasis.

Mast cells are heterogeneous, tissue-resident immune sentinels best known for their roles in allergy and peripheral inflammation. The discovery of mast cells within the meninges and brain parenchyma over a century ago raised enduring questions regarding their function in the central nervous system (CNS), their ontogeny, and distinction from peripheral counterparts. Brain mast cells are sparse and predominantly located in perivascular niches rather than forming dense aggregates, a feature that...

CONCLUSION: Our results highlight SDB as a potential novel risk factor for severe courses of CAP, including the need for ICU and MV. It suggests that SDB should be considered a critical component in the risk stratification and management of CAP and that established CPAP treatment may have a protective effect. Additional study data are needed to further substantiate these findings.

CONCLUSIONS: EPIMETRIC represents the first blood-based cfDNA methylation signature for COPD diagnosis and GOLD stratification. It provides a minimally invasive and highly accurate tool for early detection, personalized treatment, and identification of high-risk patients.