Obstructive Lung Disease Results from Pubmed

CONCLUSION: Contextual fear conditioning had a profound morphological effect on the innervation of the left ventricular myocardium of female but not male mice. This may have implications for cardiac function in female patients with anxiety disorder and requires further investigation.

CONCLUSION: PREFUL MRI sensitively captured immediate SD T/O-induced improvements in V/Q parameters and dose-dependent PWV responses after sustained bronchodilation.

CONCLUSIONS: The immune cell transcriptomic profile of COPD BAL reveals global immune dysregulation, with increased abundance of proinflammatory and profibrotic macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils, potentially driving airway remodeling. Regulatory T cells may play a significant role in gas exchange perturbations of COPD.

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis and diabetes commonly coexist and are associated with immune dysfunction and increased susceptibility to infection. Although diabetes is associated with worse prognosis in cystic fibrosis-related bronchiectasis, data are scarce for its impact on non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. This study aimed to characterise the impact of diabetes on clinical outcomes and microbial and inflammatory profiles in patients with bronchiectasis.

CONCLUSIONS / IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Based on this sample, the results indicate the LCSSI has acceptable internal consistency and validity, supporting its use as a reference tool for symptom assessment in patients with COPD during the late recovery phase for Long COVID.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, COPD was associated with lower life expectancy, including in adults who never smoked.

The identification of ubiquitous risk factors determining long-term morbidity is crucial in infants born prematurely when aiming to develop prevention strategies. In a cohort of deeply phenotyped infants born before 32 weeks gestational age, we successfully demonstrate that exposure to fine particulate matter during pregnancy is associated with increased odds of preeclampsia and altered birth weight percentiles, highlighting potential underlying effects on vascular and metabolic pathology in...

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PCD had more severe disease, reinforcing the need for structured screening in patients with bronchiectasis. nNO combined with clinical features is an effective and reliable screening strategy for PCD in bronchiectasis.

Mast cells are heterogeneous, tissue-resident immune sentinels best known for their roles in allergy and peripheral inflammation. The discovery of mast cells within the meninges and brain parenchyma over a century ago raised enduring questions regarding their function in the central nervous system (CNS), their ontogeny, and distinction from peripheral counterparts. Brain mast cells are sparse and predominantly located in perivascular niches rather than forming dense aggregates, a feature that...

CONCLUSION: Our results highlight SDB as a potential novel risk factor for severe courses of CAP, including the need for ICU and MV. It suggests that SDB should be considered a critical component in the risk stratification and management of CAP and that established CPAP treatment may have a protective effect. Additional study data are needed to further substantiate these findings.

CONCLUSIONS: EPIMETRIC represents the first blood-based cfDNA methylation signature for COPD diagnosis and GOLD stratification. It provides a minimally invasive and highly accurate tool for early detection, personalized treatment, and identification of high-risk patients.

CONCLUSION: Both PEM frequency and PEM severity substantially impair HRQoL in individuals with Long COVID. These findings underscore the clinical relevance of PEM as a key symptom and highlight the need for targeted management strategies to mitigate its impact on daily life.

The physiological state of endothelial cells (ECs) is a central determinant of organ health. Distinct endothelial phenotypes and transcriptional programs are linked to vessel size and anatomical location, but it remains unclear how this intrinsic heterogeneity is organized within a particular niche. We performed compartment-specific single-cell profiling of human pulmonary artery (PA) ECs from healthy donors and from patients with two clinically divergent forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH):...

CONCLUSIONS: Construct validity was supported for all walking activity (amount and pattern) DMOs, and most of the gait (pace, rhythm, and bout-to-bout variability) DMOs, indicating the clinical utility of these measures.

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) with defining histology of intra-alveolar fibrosis with septal elastosis (AFE), suggesting unique cellular disease processes. Here, we present a binational single-nucleus RNA sequencing atlas of PPFE, based on explanted lungs from 40 patients. Immunofluorescence microscopy, RNA in situ hybridization, micro-computed tomography (CT), and hierarchical phase-contrast (HiP) synchrotron CT provided spatial...

CONCLUSIONS: Patients selected for 'primary awake ECMO' and 'extubated ECMO' presented different baseline characteristics, strategy failure, and 90-day mortality rates. However, strategy failure was consistently associated with 90-day mortality in both groups.

The obstructive index, a quantitative maximal expiratory flow-volume curve index correlated with central and peripheral concavity, reflecting the extent of emphysema on chest computed tomography in subjects with obstructive lung disease https://bit.ly/495OwFz.

Genotype-based drug development has yielded highly effective therapies, notably the triple combinations elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) and vanzacaftor/tezacaftor/deutivacaftor (VTD), now approved in Europe for people with CF having at least one non-class I variant. However not all these people with CF will respond to ETI or VTD, and a few not under the label may respond. Facilitating opportunities to access for patients with rare variants has required a shift in paradigm toward...

Background Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is a spatially and temporally heterogeneous disease. Determining whether CTD-ILD is in a progressive stage is crucial for guiding clinical management. Purpose To determine whether CTD-ILD is associated with ventilation and perfusion parameters quantified with phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI and whether these functional parameters can help predict CTD-ILD progression. Materials and Methods In this...

Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) overuse is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and associated with substantial adverse effects. Deprescribing has emerged as a strategy to optimize therapy, yet large-scale evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of eligibility for ICS deprescribing is limited. This nationwide cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Cough and Wheeze Pharmaceutical Care Clinics database between January 2021 and September 2024. Patients aged ≥40 years...

To determine the relationship between mucus plugging and CT-derived parameters of sarcopenia in routine chest CT-scans. Patients with advanced Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD GOLD 3 or 4) were investigated. Mucus plug score (MPS) and cross-sectional muscle area (CSA) of pectoralis and erector spinae muscle of each patient was assessed by two radiologists. Statistics included non-parametric group comparison, multivariate analysis, and inter- and intrarater agreement. Median age of 123...

Enhanced cancer prevalence findings restricted to high, cytotoxic dose levels in long-term animal cancer studies are generally assumed to be a consequence of-indirect or secondary-mutational effects, e.g. DNA damage mediated by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or replication errors occurring during regenerative cell proliferation. An alternative explanation is provided by recent findings suggesting that cell lysis caused by cytotoxic doses of non-genotoxic agents may give rise to...

CONCLUSION: CT-derived ventilation correlates strongly with PFT-indices but yields lower absolute values. Demographic and anatomical factors significantly influence ventilation distribution. These normative data provide a reference framework for clinical functional lung assessment.

CONCLUSION: The risk of bronchiolitis obliterans is greater in children with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae at a younger age, with combined viral infections, and with manifestations such as the three-concave sign, pulmonary atelectasis, and bronchiectasis, and we should be vigilant for bronchiolitis obliterans so that early diagnosis can be made and timely intervention can be performed to treat the disease.

CONCLUSION: Incorporating targeted psychological support and a graded pulmonary rehabilitation strategy yields substantial benefits in emotional well-being, pulmonary performance, adherence levels, and life quality in elderly COPD patients. This comprehensive care model may serve as an effective approach for sustained disease management in this population.

We present the case of a 39-year-old Indian female patient diagnosed with tuberculous mastitis and lymph node tuberculosis. The patient had a history of tuberculosis infection treatment as a newborn. She initially presented with symptoms including fever, weight loss, and coughing. Clinical examination revealed a newly developed mass in the right breast. Diagnostic workup included an 18F-FDG PET-CT scan, followed by repeated biopsies. Microbiological culture, molecular testing, and...

CONCLUSION: Dynamic PCCT enables quantitative lung perfusion imaging at radiation doses comparable to standard chest CT. Low-dose dynamic PCCT shows strong agreement with reference-dose acquisitions, while dynamic parameters reveal functional differences not captured by static PBV imaging.

BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-1 (DPP1) inhibitors prevent the activation of neutrophil serine proteases and reduce exacerbations in people with bronchiectasis. We previously identified a novel effect of DPP1 inhibitors in reducing the neutrophil pseudoenzyme azurocidin-1 (AZU1). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AZU1 in the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis.

CONCLUSION: PCCT-based perfusion imaging shows high concordance with V/Q-SPECT in this cohort, supporting its feasibility as a single-modality tool for functional and anatomical lung evaluation in CTEPH.

Ventilatory "inefficiency" during exercise in obstructive lung disease-such as that resulting from increased dead space or ventilation-perfusion mismatch-is commonly interpreted as a perturbation that requires an additional increase in minute ventilation and thus in V̇E/V̇CO(2) to preserve PaCO(2) homeostasis. This observation raises a fundamental question: how could an increase in V̇E/V̇CO(2) during exercise be actively directed toward defending PaCO(2) stability if no known neural signal,...

CONCLUSION: Among five simple nutritional assessment tools, only PNI independently predicted long-term mortality in stable COPD. Given its simplicity, objectivity, and reliance on routinely available laboratory parameters, PNI appears to be a practical marker to support risk stratification and guide proactive management in outpatient COPD care.

CONCLUSION: Quantitative CT-derived assessment of emphysema heterogeneity provides a strong and clinically significant predictor of treatment response to bronchoscopic lung volume reduction.

CONCLUSION: YouTube videos on non-pharmacological treatment of COPD are of high quality; however, nutrition-focused misinformation is widespread and tends to attract disproportionately high engagement.

CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, a noticeable difference in radiomics features was observed between GOLD I-II and GOLD III-IV patients with COPD. The computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics features, original_firstorder_10Percentile and wavelet.LHL_glszm_GrayLevelVariance, can be potentially used to evaluate the severity of COPD patients. However, our results require further validation through multicenter and large-scale clinical studies.

CONCLUSIONS: Residence in the most materially and socially disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with worse lung function and exercise outcomes, highlighting a population particularly vulnerable to chronic airways diseases.

Background/Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) coexists with lung cancer in 40-70% of cases and increases perioperative risk, particularly in patients with severely impaired pulmonary function. Preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has been proposed as a perioperative optimization strategy; however, its effect on hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients with advanced COPD remains unclear. This study aimed to compare postoperative complications, intensive care unit...

CONCLUSION: ChatGPT and Gemini have significant potential as clinical decision-support systems and educational assistants. However, rather than replacing human factors in clinical reasoning and emergency management, they should be positioned as complementary tools that accelerate physicians' access to theoretical knowledge.

CONCLUSION: AECOPD incidence and hospitalization rates remain substantial among community-dwelling COPD patients aged ≥40 years in China, with a significantly higher burden in southern region. Early-life severe respiratory disease, greater symptom severity, poorer lung function, and multiple comorbidities are strongly associated with increased AECOPD risk. Addressing regional disparities, strengthening comprehensive assessment and management, identifying high-risk individuals, and implementing...

CONCLUSION: In PWH with a high prevalence of inhalational substance use, recurrent episodes of pneumonia are associated with a commensurate decline in lung function in PWH characterized by airflow obstruction and diffusion limitations. While further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism, this work highlights the importance of preventing recurrent pneumonia in PWH in order to preserve lung function.

CONCLUSION: Patients with COPD have a higher risk of CI compared to the age-matched healthy volunteer group.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether accelerated registration and reduced acquisition times preserve the robustness of phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI, thereby improving clinical feasibility by facilitating integration into tight time slots and enabling faster turnaround of results. PREFUL MRI at 1.5 T was retrospectively analyzed in 28 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 56 healthy volunteers. Image registration was performed using Advanced...

Providing insights into the feasibility of pulmonary function assessment in real-world cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) practice by applying Phase-REsolved FUnctional Lung imaging (PREFUL). We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent PREFUL imaging in addition to routine 1.5T CMR between September 2023 and January 2024. PREFUL was acquired in three coronal slices, with a prototype tool used to derive quantitative perfusion and ventilation defect percentages (QDP and...

CONCLUSION: Thoracic CT-derived body composition markers are strongly associated with pulmonary function in individuals with COPD. Muscle quality and fat distribution serve as important indicators of disease severity and may enhance clinical evaluation and risk stratification beyond conventional indices such as body mass index. Incorporating CT-based biomarkers into routine assessment may facilitate more personalized disease monitoring and management strategies.

CONCLUSIONS: Diet-induced obesity did not influence functional measures in the acute phase of hyperoxia but prevented depletion of body fat reserves and mitigated structural lung damage indicating a beneficial impact on regeneration. This supports a biological basis for an obesity paradox in ARDS, and should be taken into account for future individualized prevention and therapy in obese patients.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common rare, genetic diseases. Newly available, highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) improves many domains of CF pathophysiology. Thereby, HEMT challenges current standards of care and prediction models of disease outcomes.We established a public patient involvement (PPI) group including experts and caregivers of children with CF and collated a narrative review on CF management. This review is based on the views of healthcare professionals and...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of coccidioidomycosis-an emerging fungal infection-is high within California state prisons. In 2015, California began offering a Coccidioides skin test, Spherusol®, to adult males upon entry into prison, with those susceptible to coccidioidomycosis restricted from placement in two prisons with highest incidence. This study aimed to understand test performance within the incarcerated population and to estimate population-level immunity and force of infection (FOI) by age...

The mucosa of the airways is under a near-constant barrage of contaminants, allergens, and pathogens that can accumulate and cause irritation or infection if not promptly removed. Mucus, composed of a mucin glycoprotein mesh, protects the airways from these contaminants by entrapment and removal. Several diseases stall the protection provided by the mucus by altering its components and biophysical properties. This review provides an overview of how the defensive mucus of the airways functions in...

BACKGROUND: Eosinopenia has been associated with adverse outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, its relationship with hospital resource use remains unclear.

CONCLUSION: The widespread use of HEMT has fundamentally altered the trajectory of CF, shifting the primary nutritional concern from undernutrition to overweight and obesity-related metabolic disease. Optimizing metabolic outcomes in this evolving population requires individualized nutritional strategies that extend beyond caloric sufficiency. Further investigation into effective weight management interventions, including pharmacologic approaches, is needed to guide evidence-based care in this...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by persistent and progressive airflow limitation caused by airway or alveolar abnormalities, typically arising from significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. The airflow limitation results from a combination of small airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), with the relative contribution of each varying between individuals.[GOLD. 2024...