Among patients with traumatic hemorrhage, prehospital transfusion of whole blood did not result in lower 30-day mortality than transfusion of plasma or red cells. Outcomes did not differ according to the storage age of blood.
Author: Jason L. Sperry, Francis X. Guyette, Bryan A. Cotton, James F. Luther, Richard B. Utarnachitt, Matthew E. Kutcher, Brian J. Daley, Allan B. Peetz, Mayur B. Patel, Michael D. Goodman, Jeffrey A. Claridge, Nimitt Patel, Brian G. Harbrecht, Zain G. Hashmi, Ryan Zarychanski, Matthew D. Neal, Mark H. Yazer, Christian Martin-Gill, Laura E. Vincent, Ashley M. Harner, David E. Meyer, Andrew J. Latimer, Bryce R. Robinson, Catherine L. McKnight, William R. Hinckley, Keith R. Miller, Jan O. Jansen, Douglas Martin, Erin E. Fox, Bedda L. Rosario-Rivera, Stephen R. Wisniewski, the TOWAR Study Group*
Posted: May 18, 2026, 12:00 am
Azithromycin did not lead to a greater reduction in symptom severity than placebo among preschool children presenting to the emergency department with wheezing, regardless of whether they tested positive for pathogenic bacteria.
Author: Kurt R. Denninghoff, T. Charles Casper, Joseph J. Zorc, Richard M. Ruddy, Sarah Satola, Wendi-Jo Wendt, Claudia R. Morris, Melissa M. Tavarez, Matthew J. Lipshaw, Maria Y. Kwok, Jo-Ann O. Nesiama, Kyle A. Nelson, Michael Webb, Fernando D. Martinez, the PECARN AZ-SWED Trial Study Group*
Posted: May 18, 2026, 12:00 am
Among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, inhaled treprostinil led to a smaller decline in forced vital capacity than placebo over 52 weeks. Cough and drug discontinuation were more common with treprostinil.
Author: Steven D. Nathan, Peter Smith, Chunqin Deng, Christopher S. King, Maria De Salvo, S. Samuel Weigt, Sahil Pandya, Debabrata Bandyopadhyay, Joseph A. Lasky, Rachana Krishna, Nathan Hambly, Murali Ramaswamy, Jad Kebbe, Neil Ettinger, Jamie Gao, Youlan Rao, Natalie Breytenbach, Leigh Peterson, Heidi Bell, Juergen Behr, Vincent Cottin, Kevin R. Flaherty, the TETON-1 Trial Investigators*
Posted: May 18, 2026, 12:00 am
The history of race-based correction of lung-capacity measures can be traced to a pre–Civil War belief among slave owners that slaves had naturally inferior lung capacity. Despite work to show that race-corrected spirometers mask lung-disease severity in Black patients, the majority of U.S. hospitals still use them.
Posted: May 14, 2026, 12:00 am
One way to classify acute ischemic stroke is by the anatomy of vessel occlusion. Initial randomized trials of endovascular thrombectomy focused on large-vessel occlusions.1-5 These proximal occlusions of the intracranial carotid artery or the stem of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) represent the most severe form of anterior...
Author: Johanna M. Ospel, Michael D. Hill
Posted: May 14, 2026, 12:00 am
Dermatomyositis is a subgroup of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies — systemic autoimmune disorders that are typically characterized by the involvement of multiple organs, including muscle, skin, joints, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and heart — all conditions with high morbidity and mortality.1 Treatment of myositis is based on off-label use of...
Author: Ingrid E. Lundberg
Posted: May 14, 2026, 12:00 am
A 55-year-old man presented with cough, chest pain, and worsening dyspnea after being trapped in a burning house for 10 minutes. Bronchoscopy revealed carbonaceous deposits that extended along the airway (shown in a video).
Author: Juan Huang, Cheng Yang
Posted: May 14, 2026, 12:00 am
In a trial of brepocitinib in adults with dermatomyositis, the 30-mg dose (but not the 15-mg dose) led to greater improvement on a composite myositis index at 52 weeks than placebo. Serious infections were more frequent with the 30-mg dose.
Author: Ruth Ann Vleugels, Julie J. Paik, Iazsmin Bauer Ventura, Aaron R. Mangold, Prateek C. Gandiga, Anna Haemel, Hector Chinoy, Yessar M. Hussain, Kumaraswamy Sivakumar, Zoltan Griger, Eun Bong Lee, Francisca Bozan, Chung-Yuan Hsu, Alisa Femia, Mazen M. Dimachkie, Michelle S. Min, Tahseen Mozaffar, Christina Charles-Schoeman, David R. Fernandez, Oluwakemi Onajin, Raquel Campanilho-Marques, Galina Marder, Floranne Ernste, Elena Schiopu, Jason Sluzevich, David Pearson, Stephen Lindsey, Michael Luggen, Michael R. Bubb, Erin Boh, Rashmi Maganti, Latisha Heinlen, Katharina S. Shaw, Matthew D. Cascino, Paul N. Mudd Jr., Jiri Vencovsky, Anthony P. Fernandez, David Fiorentino, Lisa Christopher-Stine, Victoria P. Werth, Rohit Aggarwal, the VALOR Investigators*
Posted: May 14, 2026, 12:00 am
Among patients with stroke due to medium-vessel occlusion, thrombectomy led to functional independence at 90 days (in 58.6% of patients, vs. 46.6% with medical management) but also to a higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage.
Author: Wei Hu, Xiaozhong Jing, Zhongjun Chen, Jin Zheng, Tingyu Yi, Tuanyuan Zheng, Zhide Li, Junzhong Liu, Tao Cui, Jianshang Wen, Ganghua Feng, Cunfeng Song, Lei Yang, Shunfu Jiang, Lin Tong, Changchun Jiang, Zhongfan Ruan, ˒Peiyang Zhou, Shouchun Wang, Tao Wang, Zhiming Zhou, Youquan Ren, Tao Qiu, Chong Zheng, Hao Wang, Yong Liu, Yun Luo, Jing Wang, Zhengfei Ma, Bin Mei, Yong Liang, Yuyou Zhu, Rui Li, Jun Sun, Li Wang, Chao Zhang, Tianlong Liu, Jianlong Song, Chunrong Tao, Anmo Wang, Jinjing Wang, Pengfei Xu, Xiaofan Guo, Liqi Shu, Adnan I. Qureshi, Thanh N. Nguyen, Mohamad AbdalKader, Jeffrey L. Saver, Wenhuo Chen, Raul G. Nogueira
Posted: May 14, 2026, 12:00 am
Rapid, affordable, and easy-to-use diagnostic testing for tuberculosis is needed. In a multinational study, the accuracy of a tuberculosis diagnostic deployable to peripheral health care centers was assessed.
Author: Seda Yerlikaya, Masuzyo Chirwa, Bukola Ajide, Maria del Mar Castro, Huy Ha, Midori Kato-Maeda, Esther Kisakye, Danaida Marcelo, Tessa Mochizuki, Loren Rockman, Amy Steadman, Balamugesh Thangakunam, John Samson Bimba, Devasahayam J. Christopher, Monde Muyoyeta, Ha Phan, Grant Theron, Charles Yu, Kristin Kremer, Patrick P.J. Phillips, Payam Nahid, Claudia M. Denkinger, Adithya Cattamanchi, Alfred Andama, the R2D2 TB Network and SMART4TB Consortia*
Posted: April 30, 2026, 12:00 am
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