Endocrine Oncology -Pubmed

CONCLUSIONS: Anti-PD-1 blockade can reverse LIES-driven tumor progression by upregulating CD8^(+) T cell expression. The integration of anti-PD-1 blockade with IRE potentially overcomes the limitations of incomplete ablation within the LIES, thereby improving oncological outcomes.

IntroductionWhile surgical resection is a common treatment for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs), it is frequently unsuitable for advanced cases. Radiation therapy is emerging as a viable alternative. This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of external versus internal radiation in advanced GEP-NENs.MethodsAdvanced GEP-NENs patients diagnosed from 2000 to 2020 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)...

Radioiodine-131 (131I) is the most significant environmental contaminant during a short-term nuclear accident. When present in the atmosphere, it concentrates mainly in the thyroid gland through inhalation or ingestion. This can lead to partial or total destruction of thyroid cells, potentially causing hypothyroidism. It therefore negatively affects the thyroid in exposed populations. At high doses, radiation can also cause cellular mutations and increase the risk of thyroid cancer, particularly...

Copyright: © 2026 Ofosu-Asante et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. There remains an unmet need for effective drugs targeting KRAS-driven cancers. Polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs) were designed to disrupt hyperactive mutant KRAS in cancer. Here, we...

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers and has very limited therapeutic options and a dismal prognosis with less than 11% median survival rate. Among various signaling pathways which are involved during tumor development, hyperactivation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) is responsible for high grade angiogenesis, polarization of Tumor Associated Macrophages, unfolded protein responses and exhaustion of T cells, which together contributes towards refractory nature of...

CONCLUSIONS: Steroid-omitting antiemetic therapy in combination with a 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist and NK(1) receptor antagonist appears to be a feasible option for patients with APC receiving Nal-IRI/FL, particularly those with diabetes mellitus. However, larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that adenosine A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors were differentially expressed between ovarian tumors and paired non-tumor tissues, and that ADORs may be clinically useful biomarkers for diagnosis and outcome prediction in ovarian cancer.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cohort study of GEP-NENs found that incidence has continued to rise, largely due to increased diagnosis of nonmetastatic disease; OS and CSS were good but heterogeneous, influenced by demographic and disease-specific factors. These contemporary, population-based estimates provide essential evidence to support patient counselling, survivorship planning, health-system resource allocation, and the design of future NEN research.

Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) is the most frequent hormonal alteration identified in patients with adrenal incidentalomas and is characterized by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-independent cortisol hypersecretion in the absence of specific clinical features of Cushing syndrome. Growing evidence indicates that even mild degrees of cortisol excess are associated with increased cardiometabolic morbidity, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity, as...

INTRODUCTION: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with poor yet heterogeneous prognosis, mostly due to its complex and incompletely understood molecular background. Autophagy is a multi-step catabolic process with a dual role in tumorigenesis, acting either as a tumor suppressor or promoter in a context-dependent manner. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the expression of key proteins involved in different autophagy steps in both adrenocortical adenomas (ACA) and...

CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates that end-stage liver disease can be a severe, albeit rare, consequence of long-term, untreated panhypopituitarism. We conclude that severe GH deficiency, acting in synergy with other hormonal deficits, likely served as the critical driver for NAFLD progression to cirrhosis. This report underscores the necessity of comprehensive, lifelong endocrine management and metabolic monitoring for craniopharyngioma survivors to prevent irreversible organ damage.

Diminished lymphocyte infiltration and activation in ovarian cancer are attributable to the malignancy and irresponsiveness to immunotherapy. We show here that treatment of a murine model of ovarian cancer with recombinant tumor necrosis factor superfamily-15 (TNFSF15) results in a marked inhibition of peritoneal dissemination of the cancer cells and a substantial reduction of ascites. The treatment leads to normalization of the tumor vasculature judged by enhanced coverage of the neo-blood...

CONCLUSION: Comprehensive anatomical delineation of the MC is critical for refining endoscopic surgical strategies, maximizing the extent of safe tumor resection, and minimizing neurovascular morbidity. The consistently identified interval of approximately 5 mm between the anterior genu of the ICA and the pituitary gland provides a robust and practical intraoperative reference point for safe navigation through the MC of the CS.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being applied to medical imaging; however, the evidence base for endoscopic ultrasonography-based AI (EUS-AI) remains limited. We conducted a structured literature search (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) for studies on AI for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases using EUS images. Overall, 1 detection and 17 classifications of pancreatic tumors, 4 classifications of cystic lesions, and 4 focused on parenchymal or station recognition were reported...

CONCLUSION: Pretreatment NLR demonstrated a trend toward association with chemotherapy-induced FN; however, its discriminatory performance was limited, and statistical significance was not consistently achieved. These findings suggest that NLR may reflect an underlying inflammatory signal but is insufficient as a standalone predictive marker. Further validation in larger external cohorts is warranted before clinical application can be considered.

CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results support the potential of single-dose rhTSH as a cost-effective and clinically feasible alternative in selected patients with DTC to achieve TSH levels > 30 mIU/L. Future comparative clinical trials should assess iodine uptake, therapeutic response, and long-term oncologic outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: The Ki67 index positively correlates with lymph node metastatic burden and provides critical prognostic value for MTC. An index ≥ 5% independently predicts inferior DFS, particularly in regional disease, while an index ≥ 20% identifies patients requiring intensive surveillance. Integrating Ki67 evaluation facilitates optimal risk stratification, though adopting the complete IMTCGS remains recommended.

CONCLUSIONS: A <3-mm main pancreatic duct at the head of the pancreas was found to be associated with multiple postoperative complications following the Whipple procedure with pancreatojejunostomy, affecting both patient quality of life and hospital resource utilization. Healthcare providers can measure MPD size before surgery using computed tomography, which enables better anticipation, preparation, and potential mitigation of complications.

Pancreatic cancer poses a major therapeutic challenge due to its insidious onset and difficulty in early diagnosis. G-protein signalling modulator 2 (GPSM2), a member of the G-protein signalling regulator family, is highly expressed in various tumour tissues; however, its role in pancreatic cancer remains largely undefined. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a transcriptional co-activator, has been recognised as a central node in the growth-promoting signalling pathways of pancreatic cancer....

CONCLUSION: The level of AMH in patients with DTC who undergo combined treatment is significantly lower compared to healthy women of the same age. Only patient's age at the time of RAIT and age at the time of examination on the background of thyroid stimulating hormone suppression were associated with diminished ovarian reserve.

CONCLUSION: Our study identified the role of SPP1+macrophage in OC which may accelerated the metastasis and proliferation of OC.

CONCLUSIONS: Endonasal resection of large and giant pediatric CPs is feasible in an experienced multidisciplinary center and can result in avoidance or significant delay of postoperative proton radiation therapy, minimizing the risk of associated neurological and endocrinological late effects. Resection rates and complication profiles are similar to those in the existing peer-reviewed literature.

CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic innovation for CP is accelerating, with radiomics-based models and liquid biopsies offering promising alternatives to invasive tissue sampling. However, widespread clinical adoption has been hindered by a lack of high-quality validation. Multicenter studies, larger datasets, and harmonized protocols are essential to integrate these emerging tools into clinical practice and improve diagnostic management for CP. A future noninvasive treatment schema that combines advances...

CONCLUSIONS: This large multicenter descriptive study aimed to characterize similarities and differences between the clinical courses of molecularly distinct ACP and PCP, which has not previously been described. The findings should serve as a baseline to inform future studies, particularly with the recent introduction of targeted therapy for PCP.

CONCLUSIONS: In this small series of pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma removed with EEA, GTR was not associated with increased BMI or increased morbidity. There was an increase in BMI that was larger in higher preoperative HIS cases, indicating that morbidity might arise from tumor infiltration into the hypothalamus and not due to the aggressiveness of the surgery. The surgical strategy for treating pediatric craniopharyngioma might need to be reconsidered in the endoscopic era.

Objectives: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and mainly affects older adults, who frequently experience polypharmacy. While systemic therapy may improve outcomes in selected older patients, the use of multiple drugs increases the risk of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of pDDIs in older patients with PDAC receiving first-line systemic therapy and their potential impact...

CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive and functional status, systemic comorbidities, and postoperative complications, in addition to surgical approach, are important predictors of the early clinical course after craniopharyngioma surgery. Early identification of high-risk patients may help to guide treatment decisions, improve discharge planning, and reduce healthcare utilization.

CONCLUSIONS: Black patients with craniopharyngioma had significantly worse long-term survival despite comparable rates of surgery and RT. These disparities were not explained by treatment patterns, suggesting that unmeasured variables such as differences in posttreatment care, social determinants of health, or systemic inequities may underlie outcome gaps. Further investigation into survivorship access and longitudinal care pathways is warranted to advance equity in neuro-oncology outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Substantial racial and socioeconomic disparities in survival persist in craniopharyngioma, even after adjusting for tumor characteristics and treatment received. Non-Hispanic Black patients in both age groups experienced inferior outcomes. Income-based disparities were concentrated among adults who had undergone conservative surgical approaches, suggesting differential access to adjuvant RT. Selection bias limited direct treatment comparisons; however, conservative resection without...

CONCLUSION: The spatial location-based nomogram provides an effective preoperative tool for quantifying CLNM risk, assisting in individualized surgical planning and reducing overtreatment in unifocal PTMC.

CONCLUSIONS: EEA proved to be a valid option for strictly selected patients with recurrent craniopharyngioma, with surgical and clinical outcome similar to those observed for treatment-naive patients. Radical resection and PFS were associated with both biological and technical factors, which should be taken into account in surgical planning and preoperative patient counseling.

CONCLUSIONS: The mFI-11 scores independently predicted perioperative morbidity following craniopharyngioma resection. Incorporating frailty screening into preoperative screening may improve risk stratification, family and patient counseling, and discharge planning.

Ferroptosis is a highly synchronized form of non-apoptotic intracellular iron-dependent cell death which is regulated by multiple cellular metabolic pathways. Extensive studies suggest that ferroptosis could efficiently set the therapy resistant cancer cells on the road to ruin, thus providing new opportunities for cancer therapy. And-1 is an acidic nucleoplasmic DNA binding protein which plays a vital role in DNA replication and repair. Here in this study, we report a novel function of And-1 in...

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the lowest cancer survival rates. Recent studies using RAS inhibitors have opened the door to more efficacious therapies although their beneficial effect is still limited mainly due to the rapid appearance of tumor resistance. Here, we demonstrate that genetic ablation of three independent nodes involved in downstream (RAF1), upstream (EGFR), and orthogonal (STAT3) KRAS signaling pathways leads to complete and permanent regression of orthotopic...

CONCLUSIONS: STR + RT was associated with a favorable perioperative mortality profile when compared with GTR and provided similar long-term survival outcomes. Therefore, STR + RT may be considered when GTR carries significant risks.

Cancer is characterized as a multifactorial disease due to their complex genetic and molecular mechanisms that often converge across tissue types. Shared oncogenic pathways can help us understand these functions and discover broad-spectrum therapeutics. Earlier, most studies focused on finding specific drivers for individual cancer types. However, researchers are now more interested in identifying common molecular patterns across different cancers and developing therapies that can target...

CONCLUSION: Muscular tuberculosis in the cervical region can mimic a cervical tumor.

CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of THA and TC is exceedingly rare and might potentially be linked to multiple genes. There remains a paucity of data on the recognized incidence and etiology of this condition. Currently, diagnostic approaches to this disease are largely analogous to those for conventional TC. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for such patients; however, the determination of resection scope remains controversial. It is recommended that surgical strategies be formulated...

Although major advances have been made in the field of mesoscopic imaging and associated tissue clearing protocols, these applications are greatly challenged when applied to imaging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissue. Most importantly, penetration of labelling agents, typically antibodies, can be drastically reduced from the characteristically dense PDAC stroma. To circumvent this issue, we present a method by which machine learning assisted segmentation is applied to resolve the...

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy driven by KRAS mutations in ~90% of cases, with high heterogeneity and limited efficacy of single targeted agents. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and xenografts (PDXs) offer promising platforms for personalized therapy by replicating tumor characteristics.

CONCLUSION: In this functionally screened cohort of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules, RFA demonstrated acceptable outcomes with volume reduction and symptom relief, particularly in patients with nodules <3 cm.

Using integrated multiomic and spatially resolved single-cell profiling of high-grade serous ovarian cancer, Perez-Villatoro and colleagues show that tumor cell-intrinsic MHC class II (MHCII) expression and the organization of tumor-stroma interface niches are major determinants of endogenous antitumor immune activity and clinical outcome. These data argue against models based solely on bulk immune infiltration and instead support a context-dependent framework in which tumor cell state...

Patients with pancreatic cancer have low survival rates, largely because patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Current strategies for early detection, including imaging, blood tests, and genetic sequencing, have limited performance. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shown that AI models can identify subtle pre-diagnostic imaging changes that may not be visible to radiologists, raising the possibility of earlier and more consistent pancreatic cancer detection. Despite...

CONCLUSION: RLN preservation using IONM-guided shaving techniques can be a safe and effective alternative to nerve resection in selected patients with functional preoperative vocal cords. Partial nerve resection may also be feasible without compromising oncological safety. These findings highlight the importance of individualised surgical planning and suggest the need for standardised protocols in managing RLN invasion.

BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, no randomised trial with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy has been done in patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. We aimed to evaluate the antitumour activity and safety of [^(177)Lu]Lu-dota-tate in this setting.

CONCLUSIONS: In this tertiary center series of suprasellar craniopharyngiomas treated via an extended EEA, pituitary stalk transection markedly increased permanent diabetes insipidus and anterior pituitary deficits without improving the extent of resection or early tumor control during a mean follow-up of 12 months. While true stalk preservation is often unfeasible in transinfundibular lesions, these findings support infundibulum-preserving surgery as a key strategy in pre- and retroinfundibular...

Primary thyroid hemangioma is a rare entity whose radiologic and intraoperative features may resemble those of a malignant disease, increasing the risk of misdiagnosis. Herein, we report a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma coexisting with a venous hemangioma that mimicked locally invasive cancer, which complicated surgical planning. A 48-year-old man presented with a thyroid nodule confirmed as papillary thyroid carcinoma. Preoperative imaging suggested extrathyroidal extension toward the...

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our findings support hypoxia-targeted combination approaches and provide a biological rationale for combining HIF-1 inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides a reference for expected weight loss in pancreatic cancer, aiding clinical practice and improving early detection models.