Diagnostics/Radiology- Pubmed

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) clonality assessment has the potential to overcome the conventional limitations of PCR-based methods. This study aimed at comparing the performance and concordance of the EuroClonality-NGS approach and the LymphoTrack^(®) Dx assay for immunoglobulin (IG)/T-cell receptor (TR)-marker identification at diagnosis. Across four quality-control rounds, six Italian laboratories analyzed 23 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and five chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)...

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by consistently high mortality rates (≤60%) despite therapeutic advances. This is attributable to diagnostic delays arising from the asymptomatic early stages and time-consuming protocols. Hence, the establishment of reliable biomarkers for the routine assessment of the oral mucosa is imperative. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), key epigenetic regulators of gene expression, represent ideal candidates given their characteristic dysregulation across...

Immunotherapy has shown limited efficacy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), highlighting the need for noninvasive tools to monitor treatment-related biological changes. This case series evaluated exploratory metabolic imaging correlates using [^(18)F]-FDG PET/CT in mCRPC patients enrolled in a Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network (CITN) trial of sipuleucel-T (sip-T) with or without recombinant interleukin-7 (IL-7). Among 54 enrolled patients (NCT01881867), three underwent...

CONCLUSION: HAMN is a recently recognized diagnosis. It can progress to an aggressive nature if left untreated. A standard appendectomy is performed for appendix limited lesions with right hemicolectomy in the presence of invasive characteristics. A comprehensive screening and vigilant clinical evaluation are essential before transplantation.

Sensor technologies have been increasingly recognized as a cornerstone for advancing tumor diagnostics amid the global health challenge posed by cancer. Traditional diagnostic methods are often constrained by inherent tumor heterogeneity, while liquid biopsy has emerged as a transformative minimally invasive alternative, with biosensors playing a pivotal role in its clinical translation. This review summarizes the progress of tumor diagnostic biosensors, focusing on electrochemical and...

Dysregulated microRNA (miR) expression has emerged as a potential prognostic tool in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but the clinical value of miR-34a remains unclear. This systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) evaluated the association between tumor tissue miR-34a expression and survival outcomes in HNSCC. Following a protocol registered in PROSPERO (n. CRD420251238772), PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and grey...

Dermoid cyst or mature cystic teratoma is the most common ovarian germ cell tumor. Clinical diagnosis is not easy. The acute abdominal pain associated with ovarian dermoid cysts usually involves adnexal torsion. Preoperative diagnosis of adnexal torsion with dermoid ovarian cyst can be based on pelvic imaging combined with clinical findings. Treatment is surgical and should be applied without delay. Cystectomy is the treatment of choice for the management of dermoid ovarian cysts that have...

Purpose To evaluate breast density changing trajectories in women age 60 years or older and identify their associated factors. Materials and Methods Data were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database, which includes six biennial mammography screenings from January 2009 to December 2020. Women age 60 years or older who participated in screenings in 2009-2010 and 2019-2020 and at least two screenings in between were included. Breast density was classified using the...

CONCLUSIONS: The application of TIS to CSF specimens helps standardize reporting terminology, improves diagnostic accuracy, and offers predictive risk stratification. The conjunction with flow cytometry to CSF cytology helps reduce indeterminate diagnosis, especially for those with an uncertain etiology or prior history of hematological malignancy.

CONCLUSION: Although ACCB generally has a good prognosis, the treatment of this rare type of breast cancer remains challenging to ensure favorable outcomes with minimal sequelae. Initial staging and long-term follow-up using appropriate imaging modalities are essential for selecting tailored treatment strategies and detecting early relapses.

The field of immunotherapy for unresectable soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is transitioning from a one-size-fits-all approach toward a precision immuno-oncology paradigm. The pronounced immunological heterogeneity among histological subtypes and the limited predictive capacity of traditional classification underscore the imperative for immune-based stratification. Approximately 20% of STS exhibit an immune-activated tumor microenvironment, characterized by robust cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration,...

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cross-sectional study, following the implementation of an organized population screening program, colorectal cancer screening participation increased and socioeconomic disparities narrowed over time. Overall uptake in Hong Kong remains low, and some disparities persist in younger age groups (age 50-59 years), single households, individuals with a primary and secondary school education, lower-income groups, and public housing residents. Efforts to increase...

Mammography still remains the gold standard for breast cancer screening, considering its impact on breast cancer mortality. However, it has a relatively low utilization rate in Nigeria. Although the National Strategic Cancer Control Plan (NSCCP) has a goal of making screening services and early detection of cancer available for all Nigerians, there is currently no national breast cancer screening program implemented in Nigeria. The modelling study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of...

CONCLUSION: LLMs can reliably extract key prostate cancer phenotypes from unstructured text across multiple pathology and radiology report types. Ambiguous or indeterminate language remains the principal challenge for optimal performance.

The relationship between biochemical severity parameters and adenoma burden in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been widely studied, although some variability across studies persists. This relationship is clinically relevant for improving disease assessment and guiding surgical decision-making. This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative biochemical parameters and both ultrasonographic and histopathological adenoma volume. A total of 526 patients with...

Pituitary carcinoma is an exceptionally rare and aggressive tumor, often diagnosed late due to nonspecific symptoms. Its presentation as postpartum cerebral venous thrombosis is extremely uncommon, and the coexistence of antiphospholipid syndrome further complicates diagnosis and management. We report the case of a 30-year-old woman with a history of recurrent miscarriages who presented 45 days postpartum with severe intracranial hypertension syndrome. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with...

Pediatric brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors remain a leading cause of cancer-related death in children, while contemporary management increasingly depends on molecular classification, risk stratification, and longitudinal disease assessment. Yet tissue-based profiling has major limitations in pediatric neuro-oncology, particularly for deep-seated, eloquent, or surgically hazardous tumors and when repeat sampling is impractical. For primary CNS tumors, cerebrospinal fluid is...

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite their relatively low incidence. Advances in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification have emphasized the integration of histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features, fundamentally transforming diagnostic and prognostic frameworks in neuro-oncology. This manuscript aims to provide an overview of CNS tumor...

This study provides a large-scale clinical validation of a non-invasive method to characterize the mechanical properties of tumoral and non-tumoral human skin, aiding dermatological diagnosis and establishing a database for future research. The non-contact UNDERSKIN device employs Fourier transform calculations to analyze surface wave dispersion generated by a focused airflow, via a skin-specific inversion model combined with a viscoelastic model. This digital palpation technology provides...

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the FLCN gene. BHDS is characterized by clinical heterogeneity and similarities with other non-hereditary diseases, which can complicate diagnosis. The aim of our study was to analyze FLCN variants in Russian patients and select the optimal diagnostic approach. We studied 121 unrelated patients suspected for BHDS and 29 of their relatives. Germline variants were analyzed using Sanger sequencing and...

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) constitute a heterogeneous and predominantly malignant group of neuroendocrine neoplasms that arise from endocrine cells dispersed throughout the body. Their clinical presentation, biological behavior, prognosis, and therapeutic management vary considerably depending on the primary tumor location and hormonal activity. Despite substantial progress in understanding the biology of NETs, identifying reliable molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction...

INTRODUCTION: Despite implementation of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD), screening coverage for oral, breast and cervical cancers remains below 2%. Screening quality is inadequately addressed and delays in diagnosis and treatment initiation continue to persist. This multisite implementation research aims to improve district-level coverage and quality of screening, early diagnosis and timeliness of treatment initiation through a model...

CONCLUSION: The nomogram developed in this study offers a reliable tool for individualized risk prediction of bone metastasis in NSCLC patients. Incorporating autoantibody and inflammation-related biomarkers significantly enhances the predictive performance, which may help in risk stratification and early intervention.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Two-trace two-dimensional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (2T2D-FTIR) shows great promise in cancer research by providing detailed molecular information that helps distinguish tumor types and stages. In this study, we used 2T2D-FTIR combined with machine learning (ML) to diagnose thyroid cancer across different population groups. The study population was divided into three groups: G1 (20-40 ± 2 years, female), G2 (45-60 ± 2 years,...

CONCLUSION: Perilesional edema, perilesional vascularity, and trunk region localization were associated with soft tissue metastasis. These findings may be helpful in the radiological differentiation of metastasis and benign soft tissue lesions.

Cervical cancer remains a significant reproductive and public health concern, particularly among women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in low-resource settings like Irrua community in Edo State Nigeria. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and the Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear) as screening methods for premalignant and malignant cervical lesions in HIV-positive women. A comparative cross-sectional design was...

This study examines breast cancer screening behaviors among women in a working-class neighborhood of Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire, within the context of economic insecurity and therapeutic pluralism, where biomedical, traditional, and religious care practices coexist. A qualitative interpretive approach was used, based on 23 semi-structured interviews with women aged 18 and above, selected through purposive sampling and analyzed thematically. The findings reveal uneven knowledge of screening,...

Vaginal self-sampling is increasingly integrated into cervical cancer screening programs, requiring evidence of accurate HPV testing on self-collected samples. This study evaluated the clinical accuracy of Allplex HPV HR Detection (Allplex) within VALHUDES, a framework established to assess the clinical performance of HPV assays on self-collected vaginal versus clinician-collected cervical samples. A total of 523 women, recruited at Belgian colposcopy clinics, provided vaginal self-samples using...

ObjectiveTo evaluate follow-up after positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) results in a population-based colorectal cancer screening programme and identify pathway drift and operational bottlenecks relevant to primary care coordination.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective descriptive service evaluation using time-stamped administrative event-log data from the Northern Region of Portugal. The full dataset covered 2018 to 2025 and included 6.96 million events from 1.18 million invited...

CONCLUSIONS: A one-size-fits-all approach to health promotion is likely insufficient in boosting compliance with colorectal cancer screening recommendations. Further work must be done to understand the more qualitative nuances surrounding women's challenges in being screen-current in Singapore.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into oncology across clinical care, research workflows, and translational implementation. This chapter provides a practical overview of these domains, emphasizing opportunities and limitations relevant to real-world oncology practice. In clinical care, AI applications include ambient documentation systems, decision support tools, and remote monitoring platforms. These technologies may reduce administrative burden, assist with evidence...

IntroductionCystoscopy-based diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer (BC) remain challenging. This study presents a urine-based assay that enriches DNA-methylation signals via PCR enrichment and applies a machine-learning model to enable cost-effective early detection.MethodsIn a prospective cohort at hospital (May 2022-November 2023), 155 individuals were enrolled, BC was diagnosed and confirmed by cystoscopy-guided biopsy and histopathology. Targeted next-generation sequencing of urine...

CONCLUSIONS: MEL-IA provides multimodal skin lesion classification capabilities and integrates smoothly into hospital infrastructures based on standards. The results demonstrate technical feasibility, interoperability, and operational viability for deployment within dermatology oriented clinical workflows. Further clinical validation studies are warranted to assess the system's impact on diagnostic decision-making and patient outcomes.

CONCLUSION: Microarray chips provide a reliable new method for the early screening of cervical cancer. This simple and efficient microarray chip preparation method demonstrates excellent potential for application in experiments involving multiple samples and replicates. Microarray chips exhibit excellent ability to distinguish between disease states, capable of differentiating between healthy individuals, patients with LSIL, HSIL and cervical cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Anorectal melanomas are rare and agressive malignant tumors of the anorectal region of the digestive tract. Due to their rarity and similarity to other more benign and common conditions, such as hemorrhoids, their diagnosis is often delayed, which worsens the prognosis of this aggressive disease. Histological evaluation with special immunohistochemical (IHC) staining is often essentiel to establish a confirmed diagnosis. In the localized stage, the primary treatment for this...

Kaposi's sarcoma is a vascular low-grade malignant tumor that is frequently observed in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with AIDS, and is caused by Human Herpesvirus 8. This case report presents a case of gastric Kaposi's sarcoma identified through gastric mucosa biopsy, which eventually resulted in an AIDS diagnosis. The Digestive Endoscopy Center at Jilin received a male patient in his mid-30s in 2024 with a chief complaint of "abdominal and periumbilical pain for two weeks."...

CONCLUSION: Although colposcopy is highly sensitive, its low specificity may result in substantial overtreatment, particularly in tertiary referral settings.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite self-reported cancer screening uptake being high among study participants, having diabetes appeared to heighten common barriers to cancer screening (e.g. travel-related, logistical and scheduling barriers), whilst also posing additional unique barriers (e.g. diabetes-related stigma and embarrassment). Several potential strategies are suggested to improve cancer screening informed decision-making and participation among people with T2DM.

CONCLUSION: This study suggests that urine metabolomics may improve our understanding of BC development and have potential diagnostic value. These findings warrant validation in larger patient cohorts.

Changes in breast size, whether enlargement or shrinkage, are a frequent clinical concern. Bilateral size changes are typically associated with benign conditions, while unilateral changes often raise concerns about malignancy, requiring prompt and accurate diagnosis to guide effective management. Through illustrative clinical scenarios, the authors provide a comprehensive review of the evaluation and management of breast size changes and address the spectrum of associated conditions. It is...

BackgroundmiRNAs are of interest due to have been involved in cancers such as colorectal cancer (CRC).ObjectiveTo explore the expression levels of miRNA-34a and miRNA-135b and whether they can be potential biomarker for early diagnosis of CRC.MethodsFifteen pairs newly diagnosed colorectal cancer and normal involved in the measurement of tissue and serum levels of miRNAs 34a and 135b and their target genes of SIRT1 and DAPK-1. We assessed the predictive value of these miRNAs utilizing the...

Surgery is a standard treatment for early-stage human papillomavirus-associated head and neck cancer (HPV+HNC), yet adjuvant therapy decisions rely on clinicopathologic features with limited prognostic accuracy. Circulating tumor HPV DNA is a promising biomarker, but current assays lack the sensitivity needed for detecting minimal residual disease after surgery. This study evaluated the prognostic value of an HPV whole-genome sequencing assay, HPV-DeepSeek, and compared this with existing...

Radioligand therapy expands patient access in community oncology, pairing precision imaging with safe local delivery so patients stay close to home.

Advances in molecular and genomic techniques have significantly improved our understanding of pediatric brain tumors and enabled the development of targeted therapies directed at specific genetic alterations. The emergence of these therapies is reshaping the management of pediatric brain tumors, offering the potential for more effective and personalized treatment strategies, with reduced toxicity and improved clinical outcomes. This paradigm shift in pediatric neuro-oncology is still at an early...

CONCLUSIONS: Neoplastic findings after diverticulitis were confined to adults aged ≥40 years. No advantage was observed for colonoscopy strictly within 8 weeks, supporting selective, risk-based evaluation.

Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterised by pulmonary cysts, recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, cutaneous lesions and an increased risk of renal tumours. Pulmonary manifestations often precede other features, leading to delayed recognition. We report the case of a non-smoking male in his early 60s who presented with recurrent left-sided spontaneous pneumothorax and exertional dyspnoea. Cutaneous examination revealed multiple acrochordons over the neck....

Advances in pediatric and adolescent young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), including the incorporation of targeted therapy and immunotherapy have resulted in excellent cure rates with survival greater than 90%, including patients with advanced stage disease. Current trials seek to maintain excellent survival while reducing acute and long-term toxicities. Despite these successes, vulnerable patient populations, including Black, Hispanic, and adolescent young adult patients, continue to have inferior...

Brain tumor therapy remains limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts drug access. BBB-penetrating peptides offer a promising strategy for delivering therapeutic and diagnostic payloads. Angiopep-2 is a well-established vector, yet novel radioconjugates based on this vector remain of interest. We report the synthesis and evaluation of DOTA-Angiopep-2 for radiolabeling with Lutetium-177 (^(177)Lu) and Terbium-161 (^(161)Tb). Notably, ^(177)Lu serves as a β- and γ-emitter, whereas...

CONCLUSIONS: Normal RML fixation preserved RML volume after right upper lobectomy, but did not improve postoperative pulmonary function. Further studies are warranted.

Primary liver cancer and colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) pose significant challenges, because of limited early diagnosis and the reliance on time-consuming frozen section analysis during surgery to confirm complete tumor resection (R0). This study investigates the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) combined with anomaly detection for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and CRLM from normal liver parenchyma, ex-vivo. Our dataset...