Asthma/Atopy Pubmed Results

Severe asthma (SA) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by clinical heterogeneity and poor therapeutic response. Variants in the IL4 gene, including rs2243250 and rs2243248, have been associated with asthma susceptibility and severity in different populations; however, their role in the Mexican population remains unclear. This study evaluated the association of IL4 promoter variants rs2243250 and rs2243248 with SA and related clinical characteristics in a Mexican population using...

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with limited therapeutic options, highlighting the urgent need to explore alternative mechanisms and agents. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a dietary polyphenol, exhibits anti-asthmatic properties, but its precise molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanistic basis of CGA's anti-asthmatic effects, hypothesizing a central role in regulating polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and ferroptosis. An ovalbumin-induced...

CONCLUSION: These results indicate that Rab44 deficiency attenuates OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation by modulating immune responses and eosinophil function.

Asthma is more common among athletes than in the general population. The diagnosis can be difficult to detect as objective examinations such as resting spirometry often remain normal and are masked by the athletes' good cardio-pulmonary capacity, as well as overlapping with what is expected in a normal training response. Evaluation should include exercise testing and provocation in a real training environment. Training environments involving cold and dry air, as well as inhalation of chlorine...

INTRODUCTION: Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are prevalent chronic respiratory diseases associated with increased comorbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Physical activity and exercise are widely recommended as part of treatment for these conditions, yet the specific effects of Nordic walking (NW) remain underexplored. The aims of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) are to improve physical fitness, functional capacity and...

The polarization status of pulmonary macrophages is dependent on cytokines and mediators present locally in the airways. This study aimed to evaluate whether oxidative stress present in the airways of asthma or COPD patients promotes M1 or M2 macrophage polarization. M1 macrophages predominated in COPD, whereas no increase in M2 macrophages was observed in any of the investigated groups. The elevated number of M1 in COPD was related to a higher level of increased oxidative stress marker mRNA...

INTRODUCTION: The airway epithelial barrier continues to develop during the first year of life, representing a critical time window of susceptibility to the effects of respiratory viruses that may contribute to the development of childhood asthma. This study specifically aimed to assess the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection on the longitudinal development of the airway epithelium, airway metabolism, DNA methylation and subsequent childhood asthma.

CONCLUSION: In children with MSA, a high BDR is independently associated with poorer asthma control and a distinct systemic inflammatory profile involving T2 and non-T2 mediators. BDR may serve as a marker for asthma phenotyping.

Asthma and allergic diseases are highly prevalent among pregnant women, and inadequate control is associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Importantly, concerns about drug safety often result in therapeutic hesitation and undertreatment. This review summarizes the latest evidence on the pharmacological and safety considerations of asthma and allergy therapies during pregnancy. First, we describe the physiological changes of pregnancy, including alterations in the...

Clinical trials in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often use exacerbation risk as the primary endpoint. However, exacerbations occur with low frequency, leading to long and costly clinical trials. Home-measured spirometry, which is becoming more common, provides an alternative and has previously been used to shorten the necessary trial duration. In this work, we develop a mixed-effects hidden Markov model (MEHMM) for analyzing home-measured peak expiratory flow (PEF), combining...

Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic respiratory disease characterized by airflow obstruction, smooth muscle contraction, and excessive mucus secretion. In recent years, with the increasing prevalence of obesity-associated asthma and advances in technologies such as lipidomics, the central role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathophysiology of asthma has attracted growing attention. Through regulating energy conversion, inflammatory signal transduction, and the generation of lipid mediators...

CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis showed that asthma and atopic dermatitis could be associated with an increased risk and severity of dental caries, while allergic rhinitis is not. Clinical practitioners could consider adopting an integrated prevention strategy that addresses the comorbidity between oral health and allergic diseases.

One of the optimal asthma management goals is to improve patients' quality of life. Limited Saudi studies assessed quality of life (QoL) among vulnerable groups like schoolchildren. This study conducted quantitative and qualitative approaches to examine asthma-related QoL in Saudi adolescent students. A mixed-approach study was conducted among guardians of Saudi schoolchildren with confirmed asthma disease during May and November 2025. Based on in-depth asthma QoL interviews, a qualitative...

CONCLUSION: Both interventions yield similar improvements in clinical control and most outcomes. These results suggest that the choice of intervention should be based on the patient's preferences and the intervention centre's capacity to provide care.

CONCLUSIONS: The PAAF was perceived to be a useful and largely satisfactory e-tool by responding practitioners. However, several barriers limited user uptake and sustained use. Future directions for PAAF implementation include increased tailoring to the needs of primary care teams and leveraging technological advancements. Lessons learned from the PAAF can inform the development and implementation of novel e-tools in primary care EMRs.

BACKGROUND: While guidelines recommend intravenous magnesium (IVMg) for refractory pediatric acute asthma, evidence for benefit is scant and disparate. IVMg therapy is resource-intensive and can cause hypotension. To determine if IVMg alters the exacerbation course, it must be given early, and the clinical effect measured at the peak effect of routine co-interventions.

Allergic asthma is predominantly driven by type 2 T helper (Th2)-mediated immune responses. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of kirenol (Kr) in mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma and T-cell models. In the asthmatic mouse model, oral administration of 3 mg/kg body weight of Kr significantly alleviated OVA-specific IgE production, airway hyperresponsiveness, and levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and chemokines (CCL11 and CXCL1)....

Astragaloside IV (AST) is one of the main active components of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, possessing definite immunomodulatory properties. However, its efficacy and mechanism remain unclear in allergic rhinitis comorbid with asthma (ARCA). This study aims to investigate whether AST can improve ARCA by inhibiting antigen presentation. An ARCA mouse model was established to assess airway allergic symptoms; serum inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA, airway tissue pathology by...

Biological targeted drugs play an important role in the treatment of severe bronchial asthma. According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2025 Report and the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Bronchial Asthma (2024 Edition), for patients with poorly controlled symptoms despite treatment with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) combined with long-acting β(2)-agonists (LABAs), approved biological targeted agents are recommended as add-on therapy. In addition, some...

CONCLUSION: Our findings identify a previously unrecognized DC-intrinsic Gngt2-ATG5-NF-κB signaling axis that links G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)- signaling with immune regulation of altered autophagy related protein in neutrophilic asthma. By suppressing ATG5-mediated signaling, Gngt2 promotes NF-κB activation and contributes to Th17-driven neutrophilic airway inflammation. This pathway provides mechanistic insight into DC-driven immune dysregulation in type 2-low asthma and suggests Gngt2...

Asthma exacerbation remains a major clinical challenge, yet the immunological mechanisms sustaining recurrent airway inflammation are incompletely understood. In particular, how circulating and tissue-resident memory T-cell populations coordinate systemic recall responses and local persistence during disease relapse remains unclear. To address this, a total of 16 patients with acute asthma exacerbations following a thunderstorm-associated pollen surge and 26 with well-controlled asthma during...

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ASA in the cooler Northeast incurred greater hospital charges and were less likely to be discharged home after hospitalizations than in the South. Future interventions to improve outcome differences may consider ambient temperature factors.

INTRODUCTION: Asthma is one of the most prevalent long-term health conditions affecting pregnant women. Poorly controlled asthma during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and may predispose offspring to long-term respiratory morbidity. The current 'one size fits all' approach to asthma management during pregnancy is not optimally effective for approximately half of the pregnant women with asthma. A personalised medicine approach to managing airways disease is...

CONCLUSIONS: Our study gives insight into the interplay between vitamin D metabolites during pregnancy and their associations with offspring asthma/recurrent wheeze. These results also suggest that maternal free vitamin D during pregnancy may be more biologically relevant than total vitamin D for offspring's respiratory health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov for VDAART as NCT00920621.

CONCLUSION: Adding 8 weeks of EMT to chest physiotherapy improved pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, cough effectiveness, functional capacity, and asthma control in children with asthma. EMT appears to be a safe and effective adjunct to pediatric asthma management.

Asthma affects over 850,000 Canadian children under 14, ranking among the top chronic childhood diseases. Prenatal dietary factors are hypothesised to influence its development. We examined associations between maternal prenatal dietary patterns and childhood asthma/wheeze in the CHILD cohort. Principal component analysis derived three dietary patterns (plant-based, Western, balanced) from food frequency questionnaires. Logistic regression and generalised estimating equations (GEE) models...

CONCLUSION: In this exploratory study, we identified a shared circulating miRNA signature in asthma-obesity comorbidity. These miRNAs may serve as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for stratifying and managing asthma in children with obesity, pending validation in longitudinal studies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Asthma continues to pose a serious global health issue affecting billions of people and causing significant morbidity. It is immunologically heterogeneous disease, classified as Type 2 (Th2/ILC2-mediated, eosinophilic) or Type 1 (Th1-mediated, neutrophilic, steroid-resistant) inflammation. This review aims to evaluates current biologic therapies, emerging strategies, and challenges in asthma management and highlights the challenges and future directions in personalized asthma...

Sex differences in asthma severity have been reported; however, the specific contribution of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) remains incompletely defined. We tested the hypothesis that ERβ modulates sex-specific physiological responses to chronic allergen exposure using C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and ERβ-deficient (Esr2^(-)/^(-)) male and female mice subjected to 5 weeks of house dust mite (HDM) challenge. Lung mechanics were assessed using flexiVent and integrated with histopathology and whole-lung...

CONCLUSION: Meta-analysis suggested an association between prenatal exposure to B2AA and ASD. An association with ADHD, reported in a single study, requires corroboration. To date, based on our search strategy, no association has been reported with communication skills, motor skills, problem-solving and personal-social skills, or cerebral palsy.

CONCLUSION: Short-term exposure to NO(2), PM(10), and PM(2.5) increases the risk of mild asthma exacerbations, however risk and lag were affected by age, gender, and patient subgroups, emphasizing the need for tailored public health strategies.

Severe asthma, characterized by neutrophilic airway inflammation, poses a significant clinical obstacle, primarily due to its frequent association with glucocorticoid resistance. This review provides a systematic analysis of how the imbalance between T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells contributes to this glucocorticoid-resistant phenotype. We emphasize three interconnected mechanisms that transcend traditional cytokine networks: immunometabolic reprogramming, which promotes...

CONCLUSIONS: The ADSD and ANSD are content-valid measures for the measurement of daytime and nighttime symptoms and their severity in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. Additional confirmatory studies are required to confirm the psychometric properties of the ADSD and ANSD in a moderate-to-severe population and to quantitatively estimate the threshold for meaningful improvement and worsening.

CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings indicate that ginseng-derived PPD and PPT effectively enhance siRNA delivery and mitigate asthma symptoms through dual inhibition of MUC5AC overexpression and airway inflammation. These cholesterol analogs represent promising carrier materials for LNP-based pulmonary therapeutics.

CONCLUSIONS: This umbrella review found no convincing evidence that vitamin D supplementation improves asthma control, reduces exacerbations, or enhances lung function in children with asthma, despite its effect on increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and a possible benefit for asthma recurrence. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, considering that the available evidence was limited by generally low methodological quality, substantial overlap among meta-analyses,...

Asthma represents a chronic inflammatory condition of the respiratory tract, where long-term bronchial inflammation serves as a primary driver of progressive airway remodeling. This complex pathology emerges from the intricate synergy between host genetic susceptibility and diverse environmental triggers, ultimately impairing pulmonary function. At the cellular level, asthmatic responses are orchestrated by a dynamic crosstalk among various immune and structural populations, including airway...

Allergic asthma is characterized by type 2 inflammation and overnight worsening of symptoms, yet dynamic fluxes in cellular metabolic profiles driving time-of-day variation remain poorly defined. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are central mediators of airway hyperreactivity. We identify melatonin as a previously unrecognized regulator of ILC2 metabolism and function. In murine models of allergic airway inflammation, melatonin reduced eosinophilia, type 2 cytokine production, and airway...

Background: Industrial activities may contribute to airway diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, which are major respiratory health problems with geographically variable prevalence. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of COPD and asthma and to examine factors associated with impaired pulmonary function among workers and residents of the Navanakorn Industrial Zone, Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from...

CONCLUSIONS: This review provides an updated synthesis of 21st-century evidence demonstrating that ambient air pollution is a major and modifiable determinant of childhood asthma. The consistency of findings across regions, combined with limited longitudinal evidence from Greece, highlight the importance of improved air-quality management and continued public-health efforts to reduce exposure and the need for enhanced epidemiological monitoring.

Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory airway disease with variable clinical phenotypes. Dysregulation of the arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness and endothelial dysfunction, but its role across stages of pediatric asthma remains unclear. In order to replicate real-world clinical heterogeneity, this investigation assessed serum levels of L-arginine, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), L-citrulline, and the SDMA/ADMA...

Pediatric asthma scoring relies on subjective findings with poor interrater reliability. We prospectively studied children presenting to a pediatric emergency department with acute wheeze requiring beta-agonist therapy, measuring pleural line excursion (maximum minus minimum vertical displacement of the pleural line) from M-mode ultrasound video using a custom algorithm. Fifty children were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression model constructed to predict hospital admission, combining...

Paediatric asthma management has undergone a significant transformation from rudimentary assessments in the early 20th century to sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches today. Early clinical observations lacked paediatric specificity, but mid-20th-century studies introduced functional assessments, spirometry and recognition of asthma as a chronic inflammatory condition. The introduction of inhaled corticosteroids transformed long-term management, offering targeted control with...

Severe asthma remains a challenging, heterogeneous condition, despite significant advances in therapeutic strategies. A subset of patients continues to experience poor control, frequent exacerbations and a high burden of disease. The advent of multi-omic technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, has opened new avenues for understanding the molecular underpinnings of asthma. When combined with artificial intelligence (AI), these approaches hold the potential...

CONCLUSIONS: Algorithms have been used to identify asthma exacerbations in EHR with varying degrees of validity. Algorithms including the ICD-9 code 493.xx or the ICD-10 code J45 to detect asthma exacerbations had high validity scores. However, there was a risk of bias in these studies and urgent work is needed using robust methods to validate definitions for future research using EHR.

CONCLUSIONS: H3K18la promoted Th17 cell differentiation by activating DPP4, thereby driving the EMT of bronchial epithelial cells. Targeting H3K18la-DPP4-Th17 axis may be a potential asthma therapy.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with uneven prevalence across population groups. This study investigated the associations between socioeconomic status, health behaviours, and environmental exposures and asthma prevalence across European countries. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) covering wave III (2019). The sample included 223,453 adults aged 20 or older from 26 European countries. Asthma prevalence was self-reported....

Multiple interacting risk factors can influence the origin of asthma. Asthma is characterized by different clinical phenotypes, each of which includes different endotypes. There are four main clinical asthma phenotypes: (1) early-onset mild allergic asthma; (2) early-onset allergic moderate-to-severe remodeled asthma; (3) late-onset non-allergic eosinophilic asthma; and (4) late-onset non-eosinophilic non-allergic asthma. The main endotypes of asthma are T-helper (Th)-2 low and Th-2 high. The...

CONCLUSION: The anti-IgE vaccine developed in this study has protective effects in allergic asthma mice, offering a promising translatable strategy for the prevention and treatment of chronic allergic asthma.

CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory pilot RCT, six-month supplementation with a multicomponent immunonutritional formulation was associated with improvement of allergic asthma and rhinitis control in children. The clinical improvement paralleled with beneficial modulatory actions in immune cells.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that ReACT is an acceptable and usable mobile health intervention to improve asthma self-management among adolescents, and it had promising results for improving self-regulation, problem-solving, and asthma control. The system continues improving based on feedback from a larger sample size of participants, and we hope that ReACT will aid adolescent development while delivering highly personalized support for each user.