Shoulder/Elbow – Pubmed Results

While the relationship between radial head fractures (RHF) and coronoid process fractures (CPF) is biomechanically established, the exact frequency of CPF in RHF patients without focus on elbow dislocations is underexplored. To better estimate the likelihood of CPF, the analysis of typical fracture constellations is useful. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the correlation between RHF severity and the presence and type of CPF. This retrospective study analyzed 356 RHF patients,...

CONCLUSIONS: TUBC fracture-dislocations represent a high-risk subgroup of trans-ulnar elbow injuries. Stable fixation of the coronoid base appears critical for achieving favorable outcomes. The Mayo classification provides clinically relevant stratification and prognostic insight for these complex injuries.

CONCLUSION: Functional outcomes were largely comparable between Tight-Rope and screw fixation techniques. These findings align with emerging evidence questioning the routine necessity of coronoid fixation and underscore the importance of individualized surgical decision-making.

CONCLUSIONS: IR was preferentially weakened in FW, which is thought to be due to the preferential impairment of an "active" movement. In contrast, IR was not easily weakened in SW. The shoulder rotation test is a promising new test for discriminating between FW and SW of the upper limbs.

As humans and other animals age, passive and active muscle properties change markedly, with reduced peak tension, peak strain rate, activation and deactivation rate, and increased parallel stiffness. It is thought that these alterations modify locomotor performance, but establishing causal links is difficult when many parameters vary at once. We developed a simplified model of an elbow joint with two antagonistic Hill-type muscles, and varied the associated muscle parameters combinatorially over...

Stroke affects the sensorimotor control of the upper extremity, limiting functional movements which require coordination between the shoulder and distal joints. StartReact has been used to investigate motor planning, independent of motor initiation and execution, but it is unclear if observed deficits in motor planning at the shoulder are due to task requirements or stroke-related impairments. Our aim was to decouple these factors by studying motor planning of shoulder movement in participants...

CONCLUSION: In this cohort, 14.0% of all patients had a postoperative complication. GW3 fractures treated with K-wires were found to have significantly more complications than GW2 fractures. Also, the rate of loss of reduction was significantly higher in the GW3 group.

This study aimed to compare the accuracy of machine learning classification for three commonly prescribed shoulder exercises in people with and without rotator cuff tendinopathy. Eighteen participants with rotator cuff tendinopathy (mean age 54.2, SD 13.2; 50% female), followed by eighteen matched controls completed a laboratory-based shoulder strength testing protocol. Three exercises were performed (shoulder press, lateral raise and bent over row) while wearing three inertial measurement (IMU)...

Comprehensive evaluation of the shoulder function relies on accurate tracking of humerothoracic and scapulothoracic motion. This study presents a posterior marker configuration comprising three custom 3D-printed clusters (trunk, scapula, upper arm) for use with infrared optoelectronic motion capture systems. The protocol includes a static, unilateral estimation of the glenohumeral joint center (GH). Eight healthy adults performed cycles of abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, horizontal...

The fracture of the coronoid process can compromise elbow stability. The surgical treatment aims to achieve adequate reduction and stability of the fragment. This article describes how arthroscopic assistance and the use of screws and sutures achieve fragment fixation. Our main objective is to describe the effectiveness of arthroscopy in obtaining reduction and fixation of isolated coronoid process fractures. This technique allows for optimal fragment stability and early rehabilitation.

CONCLUSION: The IDO-Isometer demonstrated excellent reliability for measuring isometric external rotation at 90° shoulder abduction. Given its lower cost and ease of use, it may represent a valuable alternative to the HHD in both clinical and research settings.

CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study highlights significant sex-based disparities in isokinetic shoulder strength among WBAs, with male athletes demonstrating superior shoulder strength across multiple parameters. These findings underscore the necessity for sex-specific training and rehabilitation programs to optimize athletic performance and injury prevention in wheelchair basketball.

Dysfunctional elbow osteoarthritis poses a therapeutic dilemma in young patients with high activity levels and corresponding demands on elbow mobility. In selected cases, interposition arthroplasty of the elbow remains a viable salvage option and alternative to primary prosthetic replacement. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of interposition arthroplasty on elbow joint contact mechanics, comparing Achilles tendon (AT) and fascia lata (FL) grafts. Ten fresh-frozen...

Cubitusvarus deformity is the most common delayed complication of paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures. To evaluate the outcome of cubitusvarus deformity treated by Modified French Osteotomy and fixation with reconstruction plate we have done this observational study. A total 22 patients with post-traumatic cubitusvarus deformity were included in this study. Out of 22 patients; left side was involved in 18 cases and the right side in four. The average age at the time of osteotomy was 14.41...

The 'terrible triad' injury of the elbow is defined as a dislocation of the elbow with concomitant fractures of the radial head and coronoid process. The term was based on reports of poor outcomes following this pattern of injury. However, the 'terrible triad' concept has meant that some very complex elbow fracture-dislocations are considered alongside more benign injuries, leading to problems with our understanding and interpretation of the literature. This annotation explores how our knowledge...

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a protocol measuring linear and rotational accelerations of a dummy's head during high-speed rugby tackles where a real player's shoulder hit the dummy's head and the dummy's head hit the floor. Trialing the protocol showed high impact accelerations experienced when receiving a tackle did not reduce with headgear. The experimental methodology and tools developed provide the basis for more complete testing of head biomechanics in tackles.

This retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study examined whether Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) use was associated with improved wound healing and functional recovery after shoulder surgery. We analyzed records from Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (January 2018-December 2023) and included 170 patients undergoing rotator cuff repair (n = 100), shoulder replacement (n = 40), or subacromial decompression (n = 30). Within each surgery type, patients receiving PRP (treatment...

Upper extremity impairments often lead to reduced joint range of motion (ROM), making reliable assessment essential for rehabilitation planning. This study investigated the within-day and between-day reliability of the Microsoft Kinect V2 depth camera for active upper extremity ROM assessment in 30 healthy adults. Ten predefined shoulder and elbow movements were recorded, and joint angles were computed using a custom vector-based algorithm. Within-day reliability ranged from moderate to...

Shoulder spasticity is a common consequence of upper motor neuron lesions and may be associated with soft tissue contractures, limiting functional recovery. While both cryoneurolysis and tendon lengthening procedures are used individually in refractory cases, their combined effect has not been clearly established. It is consequently necessary to assess the efficacy of combining cryoneurolysis and percutaneous pectoral tenotomy in reducing shoulder spasticity and improving passive range of motion...

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) has become a standard treatment for symptomatic massive rotator cuff tears (MRCT). While clinical outcomes are generally satisfactory, significant variability in functional recovery raises questions about the extent of inter-individual neuromuscular adaptations and motor restoration. This study aimed to assess the neuromuscular impact of rTSA by analysing superficial shoulder muscle activity and synergies. Asymptomatic shoulders (n = 20) and symptomatic...

Elbow valgus torque is often used as a proxy for ulnar collateral ligament injury risk in baseball, yet evidence supporting it as a prospective predictor remains weak. Limited data ranges and reliance on single-session biomechanics restrict its usefulness and inflate noise. Further, assumptions about anthropometric data, simplified joint models, and potential motion-capture inaccuracies can obscure the true loading experienced by the elbow. Because torque is tightly linked to fastball velocity...

Arthroscopy has evolved significantly with advancements in instrumentation and surgical techniques. The introduction of needle arthroscopy represents a promising minimally invasive alternative and, has for the wrist proven to offer a reduced soft tissue trauma with still maintained diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and visualization capabilities of needle arthroscopy of the elbow using cadaveric specimens. Six fresh-frozen cadaveric elbows...

CONCLUSIONS: BA is an important parameter for evaluating reduction. SCA and LCHA were found to be unsuccessful in evaluating reduction. Additionally, evaluating the teardrop figure after reduction and in follow-ups is important in terms of assessing reduction quality and monitoring healing.

Varus posteromedial rotatory instability (VPMRI) is one of the types of complex elbow instability, which was initially proposed by O 'Driscoll in 2003. Its typical clinical manifestations are anteromedial coronoid fracture (AMCF), injury of lateral collateral ligament complex (LCL), widening of the lateral humeroradial space, and subluxation of the coronoid process relative to the medial edge of the humeral trochlea. However, it presents diagnostic challenges due to its low incidence, complex...

BackgroundPrevious studies reported that medial shoulder balance (MSB) with neck tilt correlated radiologically with T1 tilt, first rib angle (FRA), and cervical axis (CA), whereas lateral shoulder balance (LSB) correlated radiologically with clavicle angle (Cla-A), coracoid height difference (CHD), clavicle-rib intersection distance (CRID), and radiographic shoulder height (RSH). Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of literature correlating both the clinical and radiological shoulder balance...

INTRODUCTION: Open elbow arthrolysis effectively treats post-traumatic elbow stiffness, but severe postoperative pain during early rehabilitation impedes recovery. Continuous brachial plexus blocks, though effective, face limitations such as catheter displacement and infection risks. Liposomal bupivacaine, an ultra-long-acting local anaesthetic, offers prolonged analgesia and may circumvent these challenges. This study aims to compare the analgesic efficacy of a single-dose liposomal bupivacaine...

Stroke-induced abnormal upper extremity (UE) joint coupling limits independent joint control and impairs functional arm use. While previous studies have predominantly evaluated UE joint coupling within the plane of motion (in-plane) and its effect on functional task performance, minimizing unnecessary joint movements outside the plane of motion (out-of-plane) across all UE degrees of freedom (DOFs) is essential for coordinated movements. To address this limitation, we developed an experimental...

CONCLUSIONS: Greater elbow valgus torque during pitching is not a significant risk factor for medial elbow injury in young pitchers. Older age and higher pitch count per day were associated with the occurrence of medial elbow injuries in elementary school-aged pitchers.

Shoulder calcific tendinopathy is a common condition affecting adults and is has a higher incidence in women. This condition is due to a multifactorial process and is characterized by the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the rotator cuff tendons. The disease shows a phenotypic transformation of tenocytes into chondrocyte-like cells, likely caused by metabolic and inflammatory changes and mechanical stress. Risk factors promoting this pathology include hyperlipidemia, advanced age,...

BACKGROUND Pleomorphic lipoma is a rare benign adipocytic tumor that can closely mimic, radiologically and histologically, malignant soft tissue neoplasms, particularly atypical lipomatous tumor or liposarcoma. Despite is benign nature, pleomorphic lipoma poses a diagnostic challenge because of its significant histologic overlap with malignant entities. Accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent unnecessary wide surgical resections or overtreatment. Recognition of its distinctive clinical,...

CONCLUSION: TEA using CM prosthesis in Chinese patients can achieve favorable functional outcomes regardless of RA status, with a high 5-year prosthesis survival rate. However, a larger sample size and a longer follow-up period are still required.

CONCLUSION: Fractures located proximal to the olecranon fossa are more unstable and technically demanding, resulting in longer operation times and more intraoperative pinning attempts. Among high-level fractures, oblique types are especially prone to technical challenges and increased revision rates, highlighting the importance of fracture morphology in surgical planning.

CONCLUSION: Reconstruction can be supplemented with IJS which aids in keeping the elbow concentrically reduced throughout arc of motion. There is no consensus on the optimal location of the LUCL graft proximally on the distal humerus when the axis of rotation is occupied by the IJS central pin. This case series describes techniques to reconstruct the LUCL as close to the isometric point as possible with IJS placement.

The thrower's oblique rotator cuff (TORC) view was developed to more optimally visualize the commonly injured posterosuperior rotator cuff and capsulolabral structures in overhead athletes. The purpose is to evaluate whether the addition of the TORC view to standard MRI sequences improves the diagnostic evaluation of rotator cuff pathology and labral abnormalities in throwing athletes. Shoulder MRIs of MLB pitchers ordered by team physicians from 1/1/2019 to 12/31/2021 were retrospectively...

CONCLUSION: BFR significantly improves muscle quality and shoulder function after RC injury. These effects occur alongside increased mitochondrial transfer from FAPs to myocytes.

Capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a painful and debilitating condition, most often seen in adolescent overhead athletes and gymnasts. Treatment options for unstable capitellar OCD lesions include fragment fixation, autologous chondrocyte implantation, osteochondral autograft, fragment debridement, and drilling of the lesion. While many current surgical techniques yield suboptimal outcomes, this case demonstrates a novel technique for treating an unstable capitellar OCD lesion with...

Robotic systems assess joint dynamics objectively by perturbing the limb and estimating properties such as impedance. Position perturbations constrain the limb to a target trajectory, reducing variability in task execution but obstructing voluntary motion. Force perturbations allow voluntary movement but elicit orientation-dependent responses, increasing the number of trials needed for accurate estimates. To overcome these limitations, we combined the flexibility of admittance control with the...

CONCLUSION: After elbow arthroscopy, professional baseball players saw an improvement in several performance metrics. Risk of future UCL surgery in players who underwent elbow arthroscopy was 12.1%, which was not significantly different from the risk of UCL surgery in control players who had not undergone elbow arthroscopy. Isolated elbow arthroscopy appears to be an effective treatment in professional baseball players without increasing the risk of future UCL surgery.

CONCLUSION: PLDF was associated with higher pooled flexion angles and strength values than GFF; however, due to the absence of direct comparative studies, these findings should be interpreted as comparative trends rather than evidence of superiority.

CONCLUSIONS: Shoulder posture has significant moderate-to-strong correlations with scapular biomechanics during pitching in high school baseball pitchers. These findings provide a foundation for future research on optimizing shoulder posture to enhance efficient scapular movement patterns. Incorporating posture assessments into routine screenings may allow practitioners to gather valuable biomechanical insights without the need for extensive motion-capture systems.

This case is a 37-year-old man with diffuse primary synovial chondromatosis of the elbow, with associated ulnar nerve compression and flexion contracture at the elbow. An open synovectomy with removal of loose bodies and an ulnar nerve decompression with anterior subcutaneous transposition were performed. Postoperatively, the patient's elbow mobility and nerve compression symptoms improved steadily, which significantly improved his function. Primary synovial chondromatosis of the elbow is a rare...

CONCLUSIONS: Coronal obliquity in pediatric SCHFs is significantly associated with a higher incidence of reduction outliers and postoperative LOR. Consequently, these fractures are more likely to require revision surgery and demonstrate slower functional recovery of elbow motion during the early postoperative period compared with transverse-type fractures.

CONCLUSIONS: The IMPO score after TBW for olecranon fractures has a clear correlation with post-operative complications. We propose that at least nine out of ten points should be achieved before surgery is acceptable.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of coronal imbalance at the last follow-up remained high in severe and rigid scoliosis. Postoperative shoulder imbalance and residual trunk shift could be used as predictors for ultimate coronal imbalance. The aggravation of coronal imbalance might represent a possible compensatory response to shoulder imbalance, as suggested by the observed adverse trends. However, this interpretation should be considered hypothetical, since a direct causal relationship could not be...

Hook plates are low-profile implants commonly used for olecranon fractures and osteotomies, offering stable fixation especially in complex or osteoporotic fractures. This study evaluates the clinical and functional outcomes of hook plate fixation around the elbow. We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients (mean age 52.7 years) treated between 2016 and 2023 for olecranon or distal humerus fractures using hook plates alone or combined with other implants. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 16...

CONCLUSION: Buprenorphine transdermal patches are effective in pain relief, more patient-satisfied, and have less side effects than oral tramadol in the postoperative treatment of shoulder arthroscopy, which makes it a promising option in postoperative analgesia.

Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is an effective treatment for end-stage elbow arthritis and fractures, with semi- constrained designs demonstrating superior outcomes in stability and implant longevity. However, long-term survival and clinical performance data remain limited. This single-center retrospective study analyzed 122 patients who underwent semi-constrained TEA between 2003 and 2019. The cohort included 94 Coonrad-Morrey, 17 Nexel, and 11 Latitude prostheses. Clinical outcomes were...

CONCLUSIONS: The Carrying angle on both sides was found to be increased among female children in comparison to male irrespective of different age and BMI groups.

CONCLUSION: The eight-week flexibility program significantly enhanced serve accuracy and select shoulder ROM parameters in youth volleyball players. Incorporating structured flexibility exercises into training routines may improve technical performance and support shoulder function development during early adolescence.

The shoulder may be an effective central site for continuous oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitoring but studies of shoulder-mounted pulse oximetry technology are limited. We hypothesized that an alternative location would be similar in function and user acceptance to a standard FDA-cleared finger-based pulse oximeter. We conducted a quantitative and descriptive pilot study of two prototype biosensor designs in patients with clinical suspicion of hypoxic episodes at an outpatient sleep center....