Hepatitis Pubmed Results

Ongoing monitoring of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV incidence among people who inject drugs (PWID) is important for epidemic control and assessing progress towards disease elimination. We estimated trends in HIV and HCV infection incidence in a community-based cohort of PWID in Montreal, Canada. Data from March 2011 to March 2025 were drawn from the HEPCO study of PWID aged ≥ 18 years and living in Montreal. Participants with at least two visits were included in analyses. We used a random...

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection based on studies predominantly in Asian populations. We assessed real-world associations between HBsAg loss and long-term clinical outcomes in a diverse US population with chronic HBV infection. This retrospective cohort study (January 2012-December 2019) used Optum electronic health records data from patients with chronic HBV infection, identified via...

BACKGROUNDUp-to-date estimates of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence in both general and key populations are challenging to obtain because of underdiagnosis, heterogeneous surveillance systems and underrepresentation of key populations.AIMWe aimed to test the Workbook Method to estimate chronic HBV prevalence in 2022 across the EU/EEA, by country and among men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID) and migrants.METHODSWe used the Robert Koch Institute's version of...

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) encompass autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC), with both incidence and prevalence showing an upward trend in recent years. Increasing evidence indicates that the onset and progression of AILD are inextricably linked to the gut microbiota. So far, no comprehensive and objective bibliometric study on AILD and gut microbiota has been conducted. This...

CONCLUSION: Only 47.13% of young adults vaccinated at birth under the national immunization program retained protective antibodies at the time of testing, indicating this age group vulnerable to HBV infection. This decline has consequently increased the risk of breakthrough infection, necessitating booster vaccination among young adults in Guangdong.

CONCLUSION: Peg-IFNα treatment can achieve high rates of HBsAg clearance and seroconversion in postpartum women with chronic HBV infection. The postpartum period represents a unique and favorable immune window for interferon-based intervention, and patients with baseline HBsAg <1000 IU/mL derive particular benefit from this strategy.

CONCLUSIONS: CHB patients with MASLD exhibit a distinct disruption of circulating amino acid metabolism, reflecting unique metabolomic signatures. These findings highlight promising biomarkers and the pathophysiological significance of this comorbidity.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with cancer stem cells (CSCs) playing a critical role in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. However, the specific mechanisms linking HBV infection to stemness features in HBV-associated HCC (HBV-HCC) remain incompletely defined. To identify potential regulators, we conducted an integrated in silico multi-omics analysis using single-cell and bulk transcriptomic datasets. Comparative...

The pathophysiology caused by nonlytic viral infections is complex, often driven by macrophage-mediated immune responses that lead to hyperinflammation and collateral tissue damage. To conceptualize this complexity, we propose a pathogenic circuit comprising three interconnected nodes: nonlytic infection, inflammation, and immune-mediated cell death. To investigate this circuit, we combined hepatitis E virus (HEV), a prototypical nonlytic RNA virus, and macrophage-augmented organoids (MaugOs) as...

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) remains globally endemic, particularly in populations with limited sanitation and poses risks to travellers and healthcare personnel. Although vaccination provides long-term protection, data on the duration of immunity in occupationally exposed groups are limited. We conducted a prospective cohort study among healthcare personnel and medical students vaccinated with either a monovalent HAV vaccine (Havrix, Avaxim) or a combined HAV/HBV vaccine (Twinrix) between 1996 and...

In April 2024, two cases of hepatitis A (HA) were linked to the consumption of oysters produced in the same region, which triggered a multidisciplinary study. A network was quickly set up in a one-health approach including epidemiological and clinical data, as well as analysis of locally collected shellfish and wastewater samples. By the end of the outbreak, up to 17 HA cases met the case definition: all shared a same genotype IA strain and have eaten oysters. The prompt response enabled the...

The 2026 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) highlighted hepatitis B outcomes in people with HIV on non-hepatitis B-active regimens. Advances in hepatitis B treatment were covered, with some abstracts highlighting novel investigational agents such as antivirals or immune modulators. Data were presented from a phase III trial examining the safety and efficacy of bulevirtide, an investigational agent for hepatitis D treatment. Pharmacokinetic data in animal models from a...

Background: Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for staging chronic hepatitis B (CHB), yet it is invasive, costly, and associated with potential complications. There is a critical need for non-invasive, cost-effective biomarkers to monitor disease progression. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index (SII) with histological fibrosis stages and the Histological Activity Index (HAI) in patients with CHB....

Accurate staging of liver fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remains challenging due to the invasive nature and sampling limitations of liver biopsy. This study aimed to identify readily available predictors of severe fibrosis and to develop an AIH-specific noninvasive machine-learning model. This two-stage study retrospectively enrolled 208 patients with biopsy-confirmed AIH, with prospective validation in 26 additional patients. Transient elastography (TE) was performed in 110...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a significant global health burden, with over 2 billion people affected worldwide and an increased risk of liver-related complications and mortality. Simple and effective prognostic tools are needed to stratify mortality risk in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) for long-term mortality risk in individuals with HBV infection. This cohort study included participants...

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children remains a dynamic condition with an incompletely defined natural history. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study across six Italian paediatric centers to characterize disease progression, evaluate the applicability of adult-derived classification systems, and identify predictors of HBeAg seroconversion. Children aged 0-18 years with chronic HBV diagnosed between January 2006 and August 2024 were included. The primary outcome...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are chronic viral infections, sharing similar transmission routes. This study investigates the perceptions, preferences and acceptability of people who inject drugs (PWID) and healthcare providers (HCP) on multiplex rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) intended for self-testing (ST) for HIV, HBV and HCV. This was a qualitative study conducted in Indonesia and Kyrgyzstan. This study employed focus group discussions...

Chronic hepatitis delta (CHD) is the most severe form of viral hepatitis and is associated with accelerated progression to cirrhosis and liver failure. Bulevirtide has shown promising results in trials, but real-world data on its effectiveness, safety and impact on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) remain limited. To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and PROs (quality-of life-QoL; adherence) of bulevirtide therapy in CHD patients undergoing a dedicated pharmacist-led patient-education program...

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is widespread in Asia. Of the many chronic diseases linked to HBV, among the most important is liver cancer. This study analysed the disease burden of chronic hepatitis B-associated liver cancer in Asia from 1990 to 2021.

CONCLUSIONS: This clinical study was conducted based on histopathological findings and demonstrated that BMI, LSM, and HBV DNA are independent risk factors for the progression of hepatic inflammation in patients with MAFLD and HBV infection, whereas ALT served as an independent non-invasive predictor of this outcome. These findings provide a novel non-invasive approach for clinicians to assess the degree of hepatic inflammation when liver biopsy results are unavailable.

CONCLUSIONS: HBV-positive status was associated with higher conversion rates and more favorable survival outcomes in unresectable HCC treated with TACE, lenvatinib, and PD-1 inhibitors. Prospective validation is needed to confirm these findings and clarify their biological basis.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant threat to public health, with hemodialysis patients facing an exceptionally high risk due to their compromised immune systems and exposure to blood products. While vaccination is the cornerstone of HBV prevention, hemodialysis patients often exhibit inadequate immune responses to the vaccine, jeopardizing their protection. This narrative review comprehensively evaluates the prevalence of non-response to HBV vaccination among hemodialysis...

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a globally important cause of enterically-transmitted hepatitis. It is one of 9 distinct Hepatovirus species in the Picornaviridae, among which phylogenetic reconstructions suggest multiple past host species jumps. HAV readily infects mice with defective type I interferon responses, suggesting the major barrier preventing human HAV from replicating in a rodent host is an inability to overcome innate immune responses. In prior studies, only a single nonsynonymous...

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review elucidates the molecular pathways by which HBV promotes the expression of the stemness transcription factors OCT4, Sox2, and NANOG. Through a comprehensive literature review, we found that HBV enhances their expression via multiple mechanisms. These include HBxAg-induced chromatin remodeling, activation of histone demethylase KDM5B, and integration of the truncated HBx-ΔC protein into the...

The equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) was initially linked to fatal cases of equine serum hepatitis but, more recently, it has also been detected in sick or asymptomatic horses around the world, including in a limited number of horses in southeastern Brazil. In this study we aimed to assess the prevalence of EqPV-H DNA in the serum of healthy horses in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. For this purpose, we used 1000 serum samples collected from horses from 40...

People who use drugs (PWUD) are at high risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and HCV patients often have psychiatric disorders requiring nervous system drugs, including antipsychotics. These medicines can interact with HCV treatment-related metabolic pathways producing DDIs (drug-drug interactions). This analysis focused on potential DDIs between direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and concomitant medications used in PWUD/antipsychotics-treated HCV patients, alongside associated adverse events...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is increasingly recognized as a cause of neurological disease beyond its hepatic manifestations. Neurological complications are the most frequently reported extrahepatic presentations and include both peripheral nervous system disorders, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and neuralgic amyotrophy (NA), and central nervous system (CNS) involvement, including encephalitis and myelitis, often in the absence of overt hepatitis. This review summarizes the clinical spectrum...

Entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) are two first-line nucleos(t)ide analogs used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), each offering potent antiviral activity and a high barrier to resistance. We aimed to directly compare the effects of ETV and TAF on the quantitative reduction of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels in CHB patients. We screened 1342 consecutive CHB patients treated with ETV or TAF at our center between January 2007 and December 2021. In total, 493...

Hepatitis and cirrhosis constitute a substantial global health burden, with therapeutic options remaining largely confined to antiviral agents and liver transplantation. Traditional Chinese medicine has long employed Epimedium species (Berberidaceae) for hepatoprotective indications, with contemporary investigations identifying prenylated flavonoids-principally icariin and its active metabolite icaritin-as the principal bioactive constituents. This integrative review systematically examined 33...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health burden despite advances in direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies. Beyond hepatic complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HCV has been strongly linked to metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Epidemiological evidence demonstrates a higher prevalence of diabetes among HCV-infected individuals, with variations across geographic regions and populations. Mechanistically, HCV...

Antiviral treatment for chronic HBV infection in the "high-replicative low-inflammatory" phase has not been widely recommended. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of antiviral therapy in this patient population and analyze peripheral immunological characteristics in relation to treatment response. In this randomized controlled trial, HBeAg-positive patients with normal ALT and elevated HBV DNA were randomly allocated 1:1 to receive TAF 25 mg/day or observation. The primary...

Occult hepatitis B virus Infection (OBI) is a form of hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence that is not accompanied by the presence of circulating HBsAg. It is generally defined as the presence of replication-competent viral DNA, mostly covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), in hepatocytes. Although viral load is low and serum markers are typically undetectable, OBI has clinical significance due to its association with transmission, reactivation under immunosuppression, HCV replicative levels,...

CONCLUSION: This study identifies dysregulation of 4 key miRNAs and their association with 3 HBV-linked target genes as potential contributors to residual HBV MTCT. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying HBV MTCT and suggest potential targets for intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: Prioritizing health is key to national development, requiring policies and resources for cost-effective patient and community benefits. This scoping review highlights the feasibility and advantages of integrating services for HIV, hepatitis B and C, and STIs. Our findings strongly support policymakers in prioritizing the planning and implementation of these integrated programs. An evidence-informed integration framework is needed to guide these actions effectively.

BACKGROUND Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma associated with chronic hepatitis C infection. It typically presents with diffuse splenomegaly rather than a focal splenic mass. Focal splenic lesions with vascular enhancement patterns are usually due to vascular tumors which may be benign or malignant, examples of which include sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation, hemangiomas, or angiosarcomas. CASE REPORT A 60-year-old man with newly diagnosed hepatitis...

Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), a stable episomal form of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome, functions as the transcriptional template for viral replication and persistence, posing a major barrier to HBV cure. While host DNA repair factors such as DDB2 and DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ) have been involved in cccDNA regulation in vitro, clinical validation remains limited. This study investigated the role of DDB2 and Pol δ in cccDNA maintenance using HBV-infected cell models and liver...

CONCLUSIONS: HCV infection significantly increases both intrahepatic and extrahepatic cancer risks. Excluding 2nd cancer underestimates this burden. Given that DAA therapy significantly reduces the risk of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic cancers, accelerating HCV elimination policies is imperative.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health concern, chronically affecting over 71 million people. It primarily targets the liver but also causes systemic complications through inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation. HCV is a highly variable RNA virus with six major genotypes that are mainly transmitted via blood. Often asymptomatic, the infection progresses silently to chronic hepatitis C (CHC), which can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma...

Background and Objectives: Accurate assessment of liver fibrosis is essential for treatment decisions in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Although liver biopsy is considered the reference standard, its invasive nature limits routine use. Serum-based non-invasive fibrosis scores have been proposed as alternatives; however, their diagnostic performance in CHB remains variable. This study aimed to compare multiple serum-based non-invasive fibrosis scores with liver biopsy findings and to...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen of global concern that circulates in both domestic and wild swine populations. Understanding its presence and dynamics in wildlife reservoirs is crucial for assessing spillover risks and designing One Health surveillance strategies. This study investigated the occurrence, genetic diversity, and evolutionary relationships of HEV in wild boars from mainland Portugal. A total of 120 animals from seven districts were tested, with HEV RNA detected in...

The long noncoding RNA LINC01012 is known to play critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, its underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unclear in hepatitis B (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to identify the potential protein targets of LINC01012 and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which LINC01012 promotes HBV-HCC progression. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to investigate whether LINC01012 expression is abnormal in HCC and whether such...

Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) are a group of liver diseases characterized by immune dysfunction. Recent studies have proposed a potential correlation among immune cells, cytokines, and AILDs. However, the causal nature of this relationship remains to be elucidated. Summary-level Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) statistical data for primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis were obtained from FinnGen, while autoimmune hepatitis and immune trait statistics were...

We previously demonstrated that HBV promotes liver fibrosis through the enhanced production of pyruvate. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key enzyme in pyruvate metabolism, plays an important role in liver fibrogenesis. Recently, lactylation of PKM2 has been identified, which contributes to stabilize its catalytically active tetrameric conformation. Therefore, we hypothesize that PKM2 lactylation is involved in the regulation of HBV-induced liver fibrosis. In this study, we found that sera lactate...

Seronegative autoimmune hepatitis (SnAIH) lacks detectable conventional autoantibodies (ANA, SMA, anti-LKM, anti-LC1, and anti-SLA/LP), posing diagnostic challenges. Increasing evidence suggests SnAIH in adults reflects limitations in autoantibody detection rather than a distinct variant. We systematically re-evaluated all biopsy-proven SnAIH cases in a large international multicenter AIH cohort using standardized testing. Among 760 patients with baseline liver biopsy, 52 (6.8%) were initially...

Domestic cat hepatitis B virus (DCHBV) is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family and has been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cats. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DCHBV and associations with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline coronavirus (FCoV) infections in cats in Serbia, and to characterise the detected DCHBV genomes. Whole blood, serum and liver samples from 308 animals were screened by real-time (RT-)PCR for DCHBV,...

CONCLUSIONS: The overall antibody-positivity rate was not significantly different from previous reports of safety-net clinics in eastern Tennessee. Rates of follow-up, therapy, completion of therapy, and confirmation of cure were high in those patients who received confirmatory testing; however, 10% of antibody-positive patients were lost to follow-up before confirmatory testing. This suggests that if confirmatory HCV laboratory values could be obtained at the time of the positive screening...

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that HBcrAg rapid diagnostic tests can reduce emissions substantially compared with point-of-care PCR. Our study demonstrates that life cycle assessments are feasible in resource-constrained settings and highlights the importance of integrating sustainability into hepatitis B diagnostic strategies.

CONCLUSION: Although HAV endemicity varied widely across urban and rural study populations in the eight Indian states, it was generally high-intermediate, providing evidence that HAV endemicity in India has declined in recent years. The study's findings could help Indian policy-makers decide on HAV vaccination for children.

CONCLUSIONS: Resolved HBV infection was not associated with the development of HCC or survival in Caucasians after HCV cure. Although anti-HBc positivity was linked to composite outcomes, its clinical relevance appears limited.

CONCLUSIONS: ED opt-out testing has doubled new assessments of hepatitis B cases, identifying individuals who would benefit from surveillance and/or treatment. Linkage-to-care rates were very high, though time to assessment was prolonged by service factors. A significant proportion were aware of their diagnosis but lost to care, underscoring the need for services which can maintain engagement.