Gastrointestinal Oncology Pubmed Results

The Src-like adaptor 2 (SLA2) functions as a negative regulator of T cell receptor signalling. However, its involvement in the tumour microenvironment (TME) of gastric cancer (GC) remains unexplored. In this study, we found that SLA2 expression was significantly elevated in GC tissues, and a high level of SLA2 was associated with poor prognosis in GC patients. Bioinformatics analyses revealed a close association between SLA2 and TME in GC. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis indicated that SLA2...

Ki-67 index and mitotic count form the basis of grading of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (siNET). We hypothesized that the mitosis-specific marker phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) might better correlate with cancer-specific survival (CSS) and with response to treatment. We evaluated the association between Ki-67 index, PHH3-estimated mitotic count, and survival outcomes in a retrospective cohort of 73 consecutive patients with metastatic siNET. Additionally, we estimated the optimal cut-off...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA) is a rare malignancy with limited treatment options for advanced or metastatic disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown durable responses in clinical trials, but evidence derives from small and highly selected populations. This study investigates the effectiveness and tolerability of pembrolizumab in an unselected real-world cohort. Patient/material and methods: This retrospective, multicenter cohort study...

CONCLUSION: The rising incidence and mortality of CRC in India highlight the need for targeted public health interventions emphasizing dietary changes, improved screening, and healthcare infrastructure.

CONCLUSIONS: Microvascular pattern serves as a significant independent predictor for OLGIM III-IV. The modified EGGIM demonstrated good diagnostic performance for OLGIM III-IV, suggesting its potential as a non-invasive endoscopic tool for assessing the risk stratification of GC development.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising to provide chemical predictors toward clinical diagnosis and prognosis. However, the isolation of high-purity EVs from complex bodily fluids is a little complex. To address this issue, a choline phosphate (CP)-functionalized adsorbent, designated as SCF@CP-Et, was prepared by grafting 2-(isopropylacryloyloxy)ethyl choline phosphate (CP-Et) from the surface of sulphydryl cotton fiber (SCF) via thiol-ene click polymerization. The SCF@CP-Et indicates a...

Gastrointestinal (GI) tumours are one of the most prevalent cancers globally. Even with normal GI function, individuals may develop neoplasms, highlighting the need to better understand the underlying causes of tumorigenesis. The emergence of tumour drug resistance represents the main reason for the failure of drug treatment; thus, it is imperative to investigate all the potential mechanisms of this very complex phenomenon. It is significant that exosomes and noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs...

Andrographis has anti-cancer activity in various human cancers, including colorectal cancer. Our aim was to explore the detailed mechanisms underlying Andrographis in colorectal cancer progression. Andrographis inhibited the proliferation, reduced the invasive ability, and induced apoptosis in LoVo and HCT-116 cells. LEM domain containing 1 (LEMD1) expression was upregulated in colorectal cancer cells and tissue samples, and Andrographis significantly decreased LEMD1 expression in LoVo and...

CONCLUSION: In this SEER-based analysis, no statistically significant difference in OS or CSS was detected. However, due to limited statistical power, these findings do not indicate equivalence and are hypothesis-generating only.

CONCLUSION: GI cancers represent a substantial proportion of hospital-registered malignancies at Alexandria Main University Hospital, with largely stable case-count trends over the past decade. Sensitivity analyses suggest that relative burden may change even when absolute counts appear stable. These findings reflect hospital presentation patterns rather than population incidence and highlight the need for expanded population-based cancer registration and regional surveillance in Egypt.

CONCLUSION: Our predictive model may help identify patients at high risk of early mortality after regorafenib or trifluridine/tipiracil initiation and support shared decision-making between clinicians and patients regarding further chemotherapy or best supportive care.

CONCLUSIONS: From 2004 to 2020, primary surgery as initial management for non-metastatic anal cancer declined substantially, consistent with increasing adoption of CRT, while overall survival improved over time. Persistent use of upfront surgery in select subgroups warrants further study to clarify indications and ensure guideline-concordant care.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary condition marked by the growth of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum, significantly elevating the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) if left untreated. Caused by pathogenic variants in the APC gene, FAP is typically identified in adolescence, often leading to the recommendation of prophylactic colectomy to reduce the risk of CRC. However, even with colectomy, FAP patients face higher risks for other cancers,...

Poorly differentiated gastric carcinomas (PDGC) comprise 30% of gastric cancers and are associated with poor prognosis, correlating with tumor size and microvascular invasion. PDGC may be subcategorized as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive or EBV-negative. Based on prior work with EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinomas, we interrogated 33 PDGC samples for EBV DNA/RNA/protein, CD8, PDL1, PD1, Inducible T cell Co-Stimulator Ligand (ICOSL), ICOS, MHC-I, Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1),...

CONCLUSIONS: UMLND should not be considered routine but applied selectively according to tumour biology, location, and response to multimodal therapy. Future randomized data, particularly incorporating immunotherapy and advanced imaging and surgical techniques, will better define the optimal extent of lymphadenectomy in distinct patient subgroups.

Advancements in modern medical technology have enabled cures for a fraction of patients while extending survival times for those who are not cured. For non-cured patients, disease recurrence is influenced by observed covariates and unobserved individual heterogeneity (random effects). In biomedical studies, dependent censoring is frequently encountered, for example, in cancer patients, where right censoring can be caused by death from unrelated diseases or due to an (unobservable) cure status....

To evaluate the feasibility of thoracolaparoscopic resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction with left intrathoracic anastomosis performed without patient repositioning. A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of patients who underwent thoracolaparoscopic resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction with left intrathoracic anastomosis without patient repositioning at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union...

Biallelic pathogenic variants in the MBD4 gene have recently been associated with an autosomal recessive cancer predisposition syndrome deemed "MBD4-associated neoplasia syndrome (MANS)". Early reports of individuals with MANS highlight the propensity to develop young onset colorectal polyposis and hyper-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the following case series, we present four patients with MANS from three families with polyps and AML, as well as additional features previously less...

Purpose To develop and validate a structured CT-based grading system for imaging-identified extranodal extension (iENE) and assess its diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods In this retrospective multicenter study, preoperative CT examinations in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated at four tertiary hospitals between January 2017 and December 2023 were reviewed. CT features evaluated included indistinct...

Anal cancer, caused by persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), is rare in the general population. However, certain groups, such as men who have sex with men living with HIV, are at much higher risk, and research into the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease has focused on this group. Other high-risk groups, such as women with a history of gynecological HPV-related disease, have been neglected. While single anal cancer lesions typically contain one HPV genotype,...

目的： 探讨人类polo样激酶1（PLK1）在结肠癌中的表达及其与结肠癌患者临床病理特征的关系，尤其是其与肿瘤出芽分级的关系。 方法： 收集华北理工大学附属医院2023年9月至2024年9月确诊的120例结肠癌患者及40例正常结肠黏膜患者的组织石蜡标本，采用免疫组织化学及RNAscope技术检测PLK1蛋白及mRNA的表达情况，分析PLK1的表达与结肠癌患者临床病理特征的关系。 结果： PLK1蛋白及mRNA在结肠癌中高表达（表达率分别为77.5%和84.2%），两者表达均与结肠癌患者肿瘤的浸润深度、淋巴结转移情况、脉管癌栓情况及肿瘤出芽分级有关，且肿瘤浸润至固有肌层以下、淋巴结转移阳性、有脉管癌栓、肿瘤出芽分级高者PLK1蛋白及mRNA阳性表达率更高（PLK1蛋白表达率分别为89.3%、85.0%、82.5%和95.5%；mRNA表达率分别为96.4%、93.3%、92.1%和94.0%），PLK1蛋白及mRNA在结肠癌中的表达与肿瘤出芽分级呈正相关（r值分别为0.326和0.379，P<0.05）。 结论：...

CONCLUSION: Based on our experience, it is especially important for UC patients to receive close gastroenterological follow-up in specialised centres and undergo regular colonoscopies and for staff to evaluate biopsy samples properly and perform the appropriate surgical procedures in due time, preferably proctocolectomy and creation of IPAA with a minimally invasive method.

Prognostic stratification in stage III colon cancer remains poor, despite treatment advances. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly CD3+ T cells, are potential prognostic markers, but manual assessment is labor-intensive and not robust. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model for automated analysis of CD3-stained histological slides to improve prognostic prediction. A total of 1737 patients from three international cohorts (PETACC08, PRODIGE-13, and HARMONY) were analyzed. The...

BACKGROUND: We previously reported the 10-year effects of colonoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Here, we report the effects after 13 years of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: The integrated balloon biofeedback device improved the accuracy of technique and adherence to home-based PFMT, reduced the incidence and severity of LARS, and enhanced quality of life in patients after low rectal cancer surgery. These findings support further development and clinical implementation of the device. However, the nonrandomized, time-sequenced study design and baseline differences between groups may limit causal interpretation of the results, and randomized controlled...

CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence that a XAF1 mutation (c.454+1372G>A) leads to repressed expression of XAF1 and is associated with a predisposition to GI tumorigenesis, especially in esophageal and gastric cancers.

CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the Gal-3-FBXL5-YAP1 axis plays an important role in restraining CRC progression, expands the mechanistic understanding of Gal-3-associated tumor suppression, and supports Gal-3 as a potential therapeutic target in CRC. Nevertheless, additional validation using TEAD reporter assays and YAP1 rescue or mutant analyses will be required to further strengthen the causal framework of this axis.

CONCLUSIONS: Mn(3)O(4)/QD@LM confirms the synergistic role of multi-enzyme activities and STING pathway activation in potentiating sonodynamic immunotherapy, and provides an innovative strategy to overcome TME-mediated therapy resistance.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the feasibility of a combined ^(177)Lu and ^(225)Ac DOTA-PRIT in mice with established SW1222 xenografts, demonstrating tolerability and effectiveness comparable to monotherapy at equivalent average absorbed tumor doses.

Gastric cancer (GC) and esophagogastric junction cancer (EGJC) impose a severe global burden, with traditional treatments plagued by poor efficacy, high toxicity, and chemoresistance. Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), a highly tissue-specific target, is abnormally overexpressed in GC/EGJC with limited overlap with HER2 positivity or PD-L1 CPS ≥5, making it ideal for precision therapy. Zolbetuximab, a CLDN18.2-targeted ADC, exerts anti-tumor effects via "targeted binding-endocytosis-MMAE release",...

Human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 is encoded by the CAMP gene and plays a key role in innate immunity. It maintains intestinal homeostasis through antibacterial, immunomodulation, and tissue repair functions. This paper reviews the multiple functions of LL-37 in the intestinal-immune axis and its contribution to intestinal immune homeostasis. A large amount of evidence shows that the biological effect of LL-37 is highly dependent on the environmental background, and its effects vary with peptide...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global and Malaysian public health concern, with increasing recognition of gut dysbiosis as a contributor to colorectal tumorigenesis. This review examines fermented durian tempoyak as a culturally relevant, probiotic-rich traditional food with potential application in CRC prevention through gut microbiome modulation.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death. Resveratrol (RES), despite its promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, suffers from poor solubility, low bioavailability, and limited tumor accumulation. Accordingly, eight RES-loaded bilosomes were prepared and characterized. Optimization was performed using a desirability study based on the observed colloidal properties. The selected formulation was radiolabeled with iodine-131 and assessed for...

Gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers remain a major global cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite incremental advances in surgery and systemic therapy, durable survival gains have been limited, underscoring persistent unmet medical needs. However, the treatment paradigm has undergone a rapid transformation, driven by the integration of immunotherapy in curative-intent systemic treatment and the expansion of biomarker-guided systemic therapies. In the perioperative setting, immune...

CONCLUSION: This trial indicates that ketotifen may offer a promising approach for preventing OIPN. Larger placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trials are needed to confirm these findings.

CONCLUSION: Absolute gastric cancer cases are projected to increase, particularly among Māori and Pacific populations and in regions experiencing rapid population growth. This has implications for early diagnosis and specialist service delivery. These projections support equity-focussed prevention and service planning, including Helicobacter pylori control, timely diagnostic pathways, and regional planning for specialist cancer services.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CRC with higher BMI are more likely to be referred urgently and less likely to experience emergency cancer diagnosis than normal weight patients.

Homeobox (HOX) genes are essential regulators of embryonic development and cellular differentiation under physiological conditions. Among this gene family, HOXA10 has emerged as a pivotal factor in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, influencing tumor growth, metastasis, disease progression, and resistance to therapy. HOXA10 functions as a transcription factor and plays key roles not only in embryogenesis but also in immunomodulation. HOXA10 and its transcriptional targets play a crucial role in...

INTRODUCTION: In colorectal cancer (CRC), mast cells (MCs) modulate tumor and immune cell interactions, influencing patient prognosis, though their role remains not fully elucidated. Our group previously uncovered that in the intestine MCs provide support for the effector functions of B cells, both in physiology and inflammation.

CONCLUSIONS: The optimal ELN count is contingent on treatment strategy. For SA, a more extensive lymphadenectomy improves survival. However, for NACI, a "Goldilocks" principle applies-an ELN count between 24 and 31 balances accurate staging with the preservation of antitumor immunity, advocating for function-preserving, personalized surgery in the immunotherapy era.

CONCLUSION: Autophagy is closely tied to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer. The autophagy-based subtypes and prognostic model support patient risk stratification. Furthermore, GOLGA2 was a top-ranked gene in the signature and showed tumor-promoting effects in vitro, so it may warrant further study as a potential target.

CONCLUSION: Categorical physical frailty status was not associated with early toxicity in our cohort. However, the accumulation of physical frailty criteria showed a significant association with early toxicity. Among these criteria, gait speed emerged as one of the most relevant predictors of early toxicity in patients with colon, rectal, or gastric cancer treated with CAPOX. Objective assessment of the physical domain should be prioritized over subjective measures to improve treatment decisions...

CONCLUSION: Both iodine maps and low-keV VMIs, particularly at 40 keV, demonstrated high PLR and CNR values, contributing to improved depiction of CRLM in PCD-CT. The complementary use of these reconstructions may enhance lesion detection and overall diagnostic confidence.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of global cancer-related mortality. Cytidine triphosphate synthase 1 (CTPS1) is an essential enzyme for DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. While CTPS1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies, its clinical significance in colorectal adenocarcinoma remains poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of CTPS1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma and evaluate its association with...

CONCLUSION: This study identifies serum linoleic acid as a metabolism-related candidate biomarker associated with paclitaxel resistance in CRC. These findings highlight the potential clinical relevance of metabolic factors in modulating chemotherapy response and suggest that LA may have potential relevance for patient stratification in future studies of paclitaxel response in CRC.

CONCLUSIONS: LINEAGE provides a robust platform for advancing LS research by integration of clinical, pathological, epidemiological and genetic data across institutions. Its standardized, collaborative framework enhances the validity and generalizability of risk estimates that will guide decision-making and policy for surveillance to ultimately reduce morbidity and mortality for individuals with Lynch syndrome.

Lipid peroxidation triggers ferroptosis, a type of regulated cell death that is iron-dependent. Owing to its important role in tumor suppression, ferroptosis represents an extremely promising therapeutic target for cancer. QD394, a quinazolinone-based compound, was recently identified as a novel redox regulator with demonstrated cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects in pancreatic and breast cancer models. Preliminary RNA sequencing analysis suggested potential associations between QD394 treatment...

CONCLUSION: GC patients with different physical performance status display distinct circulating lipid signatures. PI 36:2, PE plasmalogens, and SM 43:2 species appear linked to physical fitness, suggesting potential value as preoperative biomarkers. Validation in larger cohorts is warranted.

CONCLUSION: Compound heterozygous variants of the MUTYH gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of FAP in these patients. Above findings have enriched the mutational spectrum of the MUTYH gene.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most prevalent malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and remains a leading cause of cancer-related illness and death worldwide. Recently, new treatment strategies have emerged with the identification of important biomarkers in CRC. As the emphasis on precision medicine in oncology intensifies, testing tumor specimens for key genomic alterations is becoming standard-of-care. This article seeks review the key molecular changes in CRC with important therapeutic...