Respiratory Function Tests

BACKGROUND The oxygen reserve index (ORi), as an adjunct to standard intraoperative pulse oximetry (SpO₂), enables prediction of hypoxia and detection of hyperoxia. The aim of this study was to analyze intraoperative variations in oxygen metabolism using ORi and partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) under conditions of ventilation compromised by the Trendelenburg tilt and pneumoperitoneum during a robot-assisted prostatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred adult patients...

CONCLUSIONS: LUS and LCI are complementary, stage-specific tools. A pathway that anchors early surveillance in standardized LUS and extends longitudinal follow-up with MBW/LCI from preschool age onward is clinically feasible within PPRD frameworks. Prospective studies linking neonatal LUS trajectories with later LCI and patient-important outcomes are needed.

CONCLUSION: Triple therapy was not associated with improved outcomes in the overall cohort but may be associated with better outcomes in selected high-risk subgroups. These findings should be interpreted with caution given the observational design and potential residual confounding. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and refine patient selection for triple therapy.

CONCLUSION: The GLI-2022 race-neutral equations are not a suitable fit for preschool Jordanian children, and their use may lead to clinically significant misinterpretation of spirometric tests. These findings emphasize the critical need for population-specific reference equations for this population.

CONCLUSION: Masimo O3 and INVOS show similar temporal patterns but an oxygenation-dependent proportional bias. CrSO(2) values are device-specific and not interchangeable, particularly at lower saturation levels during early transition.

CONCLUSIONS: Biomarkers total immunoglobulin E, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were found to be associated with small airway obstruction, and their combination demonstrated high diagnostic power for identifying paediatric patients with both asthma and allergic rhinitis.

We report the case of a man in his 40s who presented to the ophthalmology clinic complaining of a black shadow in the centre of his right vision. He was diagnosed with Valsalva retinopathy and a complete blood count was performed, which revealed pancytopenia. The patient was admitted a few days later due to worsening of his symptoms and an extensive blood workup revealed folate and vitamin B12 deficiency. He got better after blood transfusions, folic acid supplementation, and intravenous...

BACKGROUND: Exercise transcutaneous oximetry (Ex-TcPO(2)), through the minimal value of the "decrease from rest of oxygen pressure" (DROPmin), identifies ischemia during exercise in patients with PAD. However, its diagnostic performance at the thigh level compared to imaging modalities, has not been evaluated. The objective of this retrospective study was to perform an external validation of Ex-TcPO₂ results at the buttock and calf, a first validation of Ex-TcPO₂ at the thigh level and to...

Our objective was to describe policy infrastructure of elementary school fitness testing at the state level and to assess states' readiness for implementation of the recently reinstated Presidential Fitness Test. We conducted a cross-sectional policy analysis by using data from the State of the States Policy Report and used the Classification of Laws Associated with School Students to create a standardized readiness index. Only 5 states required recommended weekly minutes of physical education,...

This dataset provides curated multimodal recordings of human bipedal locomotion collected from 18 healthy adults during prolonged treadmill activity at four controlled speeds (4 km ∙ h^(-1), 6 km ∙ h^(-1), 9 km ∙ h^(-1), and 12 km ∙ h^(-1)). Each participant completed three continuous treadmill trials comprising multiple speed intervals, totalling approximately forty minutes of recorded activity. Kinematic data were captured using an optical motion capture system with a full-body marker setup....

A ubiquitously available and accurate non-invasive ventilatory threshold assessment (NIVA) would substantially improve real-world performance assessment evaluation in both clinical and elite sports settings. We hypothesised that ECG-derived ventilatory phase analysis achieves reference-standard accuracy for second ventilatory threshold (VT2) determination. 74 healthy adults performed stepwise cardiopulmonary exercise testing with simultaneous lactate sampling to retrieve VT2 and lactate-based...

CONCLUSIONS: Over 70% of participants showed abnormal spirometry was found in post-COVID-19 workers with intermittent high-altitude exposure. Respiratory function monitoring should be reinforced in this occupational group, especially among those with higher clinical and environmental risk factors.

CONCLUSION: Postnatal lung function was associated with subsequent bronchiolitis and childhood asthma. Additionally, the effect of maternal asthma during pregnancy on the outcomes was partially mediated by impaired lung function.

CONCLUSION: Ventilatory defects and CAO were common among patients with EBTB. A high level of suspicion should be applied to patients presenting with dyspnoea, shorter duration from symptom onset to hospitalisation (<8 weeks) and reduced FEV(1) (< 80%).

Biological maturation is a crucial factor in the physical development of adolescent soccer players, affecting key performance-related variables essential for talent development. This study investigated differences across maturation stages in kinanthropometric and physical performance parameters in young male soccer players. Forty-three players (13.26 ± 1.03 years) were classified into pre-, circa-, and post-peak height velocity (PHV) groups, with maturation status assessed using a validated...

Introduction. The utility of salivary bicarbonate as a non-invasive marker of systemic acid-base status in pediatric patients remains unclear. This study investigated the possible correlation between salivary and blood gas analysis at risk for acid-base disturbances, including those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or receiving acetazolamide. Methods. In a single-center cross-sectional study (July 2024-March 2025), 94 pediatric patients (6-18 years) underwent simultaneous blood and saliva...

CONCLUSIONS: Estimated within-individual variation in this analysis of real-world data is much higher than previously reported. Variation increases with more severe disease status. This has important implications for diagnosis, monitoring and clinical decision-making.

ObjectiveAmbient air pollution is a leading global environmental health risk, significantly contributing to the burden of chronic respiratory diseases and premature mortality worldwide. Despite being a major industrial and agricultural hub, the specific impact of long-term exposure to urban and industrial pollutants on pulmonary function in the Central Anatolian region remains insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the subclinical respiratory effects of air pollution on...

CONCLUSIONS: Because short and long expiratory maneuver techniques yield similar results on PEF, future studies of home spirometry may compare the diagnostic performance of PEF and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) using the same long, spirometry-style expiratory maneuvers. However, comparison of absolute PEF values between devices must be done cautiously.

CONCLUSION: Advanced echocardiography provides additional insights into the athlete's heart. Myocardial work indices reflect training-related cardiac adaptations, and left atrial reservoir strain is influenced by training status. These findings, together with the association of stroke volume index and global work efficiency with Peak VO(2), support the integration of advanced echocardiographic parameters into athlete evaluation and monitoring.

INTRODUCTION: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a less invasive alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement, especially for high-risk patients. While TAVI is expected to improve symptoms and functional status, clinical recovery is often heterogeneous, and subjective assessments may not fully capture the degree of improvement. To our knowledge, the changes in functional capacity following TAVI have not been well explored using cardiopulmonary exercise testing...

Purpose To quantify lung and lobar volumes superimposed on the mediastinum and diaphragm on upright chest radiographs using upright multidetector row CT and to compare them with supine measurements. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, asymptomatic Asian participants underwent both upright and supine multidetector row CT within 2 hours. Lung and lobar volumes were measured in each position. Ray-sum images were reconstructed to delineate mediastinal and diaphragmatic boundaries, and...

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder that may result in progressive lung damage. The Specific PCD Evaluation by CT (SPEC) scoring system has been specifically used in PCD patients since 2024. This study aimed to evaluate the SPEC score in children with PCD. This retrospective, cross-sectional, single-center study included 47 children with confirmed or highly likely PCD who underwent thin-section thoracic computed tomography (CT). Pediatric radiologists evaluated CT scans...

CONCLUSION: Elevated hs-CRP was associated with impaired lung function indicating that systemic inflammation may be part of the pathophysiology of impaired lung function in liver transplant recipients.

CONCLUSIONS: High decadal PM2.5 exposure is associated with significant standardized lung volume reductions. The 10-year residency stability criterion enhances causal inference. These findings advocate PPH approach, highlight the importance of z-score-based spirometric screening for early detection of subclinical pollution-related lung function decline. Integrating environmental risk assessment into geriatric care and air quality management offers a cost-effective pathway to mitigate long-term...

CONCLUSION: Patient-derived differentiated HNEC cultures serve as a robust predictive tool for CFTR modulator response in paediatric CF patients. Their integration into clinical practice can enhance personalised treatment strategies, minimising ineffective therapy use and improving CF patient outcomes with precision medicine.

CONCLUSION: Quantitative CT performed during ECOPD may offer opportunistic insights into cardiac health, particularly through Pi10. Further research is warranted to evaluate its utility as a screening tool in COPD admissions.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of smoking asthmatic patients and to evaluate the efficacy of long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) in treating smoking asthmatic patients. Methods: The characteristic analysis study of smoking asthma was a case-control study, including 128 patients with bronchial asthma. According to whether the patients smoked, they were divided into the smoking asthma group and the non-smoking asthma group. The clinical data, blood indicators, lung...

CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical power, normalized to static respiratory system compliance rather than anthropometric parameters, was associated with mortality and showed a graded dose-response relationship in PARDS. Compliance-based normalization may provide additional physiological insight into mechanical power assessment in PARDS.

CONCLUSION: This review found very low-quality evidence suggesting that the type of anesthesia control may not significantly affect anesthesia delivery parameters, such as the amount of anesthesia consumed and procedural and anesthesia duration. The analyses, however, had significant heterogeneity, making the estimates highly unreliable. On the other hand, some studies indicate potential advantages of using etCA, such as reducing the number of interventions required during anesthesia; however,...

Breathing disturbances during sleep are associated with intermittent hypoxaemia, arousal and sympathetic activation, which in turn lead to oxidative stress and cardiovascular and metabolic consequences. However, they are also characterised by fluctuations of carbon dioxide levels, switching between hypercapnia and hypocapnia, which contribute to acute and sustained physiological and cellular effects. Changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension (P (aCO(2)) ) influence cerebral blood flow,...

CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant differences between conditions were detected under the conditions of the present study.

Shoes incorporating advanced footwear technology (AFT) improve running economy (RE) during level running by ~3%-4% compared to traditional shoes, but the extent to which benefits are preserved on inclines is unclear. Here we investigated the impact of AFT shoes on the energetics of incline running and examined how much benefits are reduced relative to level running. Twelve competitive male runners ran on a treadmill at four gradients (level, 3%, 6%, and 9%) in the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly Next% shoe...

CONCLUSION: PC20 variability is a highly sensitive and specific tool for diagnosing OA and may help reduce misdiagnosis associated with PEFR-based assessments. However, in patients where the methacholine challenge test is not feasible, PEFR variability remains a valuable alternative for diagnostic evaluation. Integrating PC20 variability into diagnostic protocols can enhance accuracy and improve patient management.

Research has shown a robust inverse association between maximal aerobic capacity and muscular strength, and lifestyle related diseases and mortality. People with a substance use disorder have a higher prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases and a shorter life expectancy than the general population. There is a paucity in the literature of normative aerobic capacity and muscular strength variables in people with a substance use disorder. The main purpose of this study was to contribute to...

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is a common health issue in brachycephalic breeds like Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, and Pugs, linked to their distinctive skull morphology. Despite its prevalence, the genetic basis of respiratory dysfunction in these breeds remains poorly characterised. To enable selection against BOAS, the Respiratory Function Grading Scheme (RFGS) was established in 2019, where respiratory function of dogs considered for breeding is tested via a standardised...

CONCLUSION: Our study shows the high sensitivity and specificity and possible clinical implications of a CACh in the diagnosis of asthma. Further research is needed to confirm this.

CONCLUSION: Arterial stiffness is increased not only in COPD but also in individuals with pre-COPD/PRISm. However, this increase appears to be primarily driven by age-related and hemodynamic factors rather than disease-specific airflow limitation. These findings highlight the importance of early cardiovascular risk assessment focusing on hemodynamic parameters.

CONCLUSIONS: The 30s-STS test is feasible, safe, and demonstrates good test-retest reliability. Changes exceeding four repetitions surpass measurement error (MDC95), while distribution-based estimates suggest a provisional MID of two repetitions. Further studies are needed to establish a triangulated MID to better capture patient-relevant change.

CONCLUSION: SCME demonstrated superior effects on peak oxygen consumption, selected pulmonary function parameters, and functional thoracic mobility compared with CCPT in patients after open-heart surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 may serve as a reliable parameter for determining the fluid resuscitation target in patients with septic shock.

CONCLUSION: Q-CERT enhanced the original CERT's ability to identify AECOPD. And total score was correlated with pulmonary function impairment and systemic inflammation, making it an efficient and reliable tool for clinical practice.

CONCLUSION: Progression from pre-COPD to spirometry-defined COPD is highly prevalent and driven by age, comorbidities, and systemic inflammatory markers. Our validated nomogram provides a precise, non-invasive tool for clinicians to identify high-risk individuals, enabling targeted early intervention and optimized resource allocation in COPD prevention.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that age increases gait variability and decreases dynamic gait stability, and this effect is exacerbated when walking becomes more challenging due to the presence of visual cues. The observed changes in gait variability and dynamic gait stability may be due to older adults requiring more cognitive capacity.

CONCLUSION: The integration of effort-independent respiratory oscillometry with traditional spirometry via ML has the potential to enhance risk stratification in SMA.

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is closely associated with multiple health indicators. The Body Round Index (BRI) is a new indicator of obesity, yet few studies have examined its association with CRF. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether CRF in adolescents is associated with BRI. From September to December 2023, a cross-sectional assessment of height, weight, waist circumference, and 20 m shuttle run test(20-m SRT) performance was conducted among 42,341 [boys, 21849 (51.6%)]...

CONCLUSION: Infants with RALS exhibit markedly reduced LF during symptomatic episodes. Furthermore, even when asymptomatic, they exhibit substantially lower LF than normal infants. These functional features support the notion that LF deficits are present very early in life in infants with RALS. This may also help explain the high prevalence of frequent and severe episodes observed in infants with RALS in clinical practice. © 2026 Codon Publications. Published by Codon Publications.

CONCLUSION: The oscillometry parameter ΔX5 and the Kco index from diffusing capacity measurement are independent predictors of a fibrotic phenotype in patients with ILD. The combination of these functional parameters improves diagnostic capabilities for detecting fibrotic changes. The FOT method provides clinically important information in patients with ILD and restrictive impairment.

Bronchial challenge tests are important clinical examinations for detecting airway hyperresponsiveness, with methacholine being a commonly used provocative agent. However, the previous guidelines had not been updated in a timely manner, leading to some problems in clinical application. The "Standard technical specifications for methacholine chloride (Methacholine) bronchial challenge test (2023)" is an updated and refined version of 2014 "Guidelines for Pulmonary Function Testing (Part...

Objective: To preliminarily investigate the diagnostic performance of ChatGPT-4.5 and DeepSeek-R1 large language models in assisting asthma diagnosis based on real-world clinical data. Methods: A diagnostic accuracy study design was employed. A total of 377 patients with suspected asthma who visited the respiratory outpatient department of Shanghai East Hospital between January and May 2023 and completed standardized pulmonary function tests and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)...