Liver/Pnacreatic Neoplasms – Pubmed

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are approved for treating hematologic cancers and are currently being evaluated in hundreds of clinical trials for various cancers and other diseases, although their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, our unbiased bioinformatics analyses found that, for most cancer types, expression levels or genetic variants of histone deacetylase (HDACs) do not consistently correlate with carcinogenesis, do not predict cancer patient survival, and do not...

Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) develops under lipid-rich stress and inflammatory remodeling, which can alter therapeutic windows. We aimed to determine whether phenotypic response surface-guided optimization (PRS-OPT) can nominate hepatocyte-sparing propolis-metformin-regorafenib (PMR) dose windows that retain antitumor activity under MASLD-like fatty-acid (FA) stress and translate to an in vivo immune...

CONCLUSIONS: Anti-PD-1 blockade can reverse LIES-driven tumor progression by upregulating CD8^(+) T cell expression. The integration of anti-PD-1 blockade with IRE potentially overcomes the limitations of incomplete ablation within the LIES, thereby improving oncological outcomes.

Copyright: © 2026 Ofosu-Asante et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. There remains an unmet need for effective drugs targeting KRAS-driven cancers. Polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs) were designed to disrupt hyperactive mutant KRAS in cancer. Here, we...

Oridonin, a bioactive diterpenoid derived from Rabdosia rubescens, has significant anti-tumour activity. Although previous studies have shown that oridonin has anti-liver cancer potential, the molecular mechanism of its treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still needs to be further investigated. This study utilized network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) to elucidate the mechanisms by which oridonin exerts its therapeutic effects on HCC. The...

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers and has very limited therapeutic options and a dismal prognosis with less than 11% median survival rate. Among various signaling pathways which are involved during tumor development, hyperactivation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) is responsible for high grade angiogenesis, polarization of Tumor Associated Macrophages, unfolded protein responses and exhaustion of T cells, which together contributes towards refractory nature of...

CONCLUSIONS: Steroid-omitting antiemetic therapy in combination with a 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist and NK(1) receptor antagonist appears to be a feasible option for patients with APC receiving Nal-IRI/FL, particularly those with diabetes mellitus. However, larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cohort study of GEP-NENs found that incidence has continued to rise, largely due to increased diagnosis of nonmetastatic disease; OS and CSS were good but heterogeneous, influenced by demographic and disease-specific factors. These contemporary, population-based estimates provide essential evidence to support patient counselling, survivorship planning, health-system resource allocation, and the design of future NEN research.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being applied to medical imaging; however, the evidence base for endoscopic ultrasonography-based AI (EUS-AI) remains limited. We conducted a structured literature search (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) for studies on AI for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases using EUS images. Overall, 1 detection and 17 classifications of pancreatic tumors, 4 classifications of cystic lesions, and 4 focused on parenchymal or station recognition were reported...

Background Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) Nonradiation Treatment Response Algorithm (TRA) version 2024 (v2024) was recently introduced following version 2017 (v2017) to standardize the assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after nonradiation local-regional therapy (LRT). However, a comparison of their accuracy across imaging modalities has not yet been performed. Purpose To compare the diagnostic accuracy of LI-RADS Nonradiation TRA v2024 with that of LI-RADS TRA v2017...

CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of pediatric HCC and FLC remains challenging. The current results support risk-stratification methods currently under study prospectively and the independent study of these tumors in the future.

CONCLUSIONS: A <3-mm main pancreatic duct at the head of the pancreas was found to be associated with multiple postoperative complications following the Whipple procedure with pancreatojejunostomy, affecting both patient quality of life and hospital resource utilization. Healthcare providers can measure MPD size before surgery using computed tomography, which enables better anticipation, preparation, and potential mitigation of complications.

INTRODUCTION: The establishment of an effective strategy for recurrence prevention following curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including radiotherapy, remains a critical unmet clinical need. Despite favourable local control and safety profiles, recurrence after particle therapy remains a major challenge, highlighting the need for effective adjuvant strategies to improve long-term outcomes. The present phase Ib/II trial is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of...

Pancreatic cancer poses a major therapeutic challenge due to its insidious onset and difficulty in early diagnosis. G-protein signalling modulator 2 (GPSM2), a member of the G-protein signalling regulator family, is highly expressed in various tumour tissues; however, its role in pancreatic cancer remains largely undefined. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a transcriptional co-activator, has been recognised as a central node in the growth-promoting signalling pathways of pancreatic cancer....

CONCLUSION: Our findings depicted the prognostic immune landscape of HCC by identifying distinct T cell populations and molecular interactions. DPT cells emerged as a critical biomarker for poor prognosis, and the endothelial-derived HBEGF-DPT axis could represent a potential therapeutic target.

Objectives: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and mainly affects older adults, who frequently experience polypharmacy. While systemic therapy may improve outcomes in selected older patients, the use of multiple drugs increases the risk of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of pDDIs in older patients with PDAC receiving first-line systemic therapy and their potential impact...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a critical global health challenge, standing as a leading cause of cancer mortality with a significant and projected increasing incidence worldwide. A primary hurdle in HCC management is late diagnosis, often attributable to the absence of early symptoms. Despite considerable advancements in therapeutic strategies over the past decade, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies, mortality rates remain high, underscoring the urgent need...

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy driven by KRAS mutations in ~90% of cases, with high heterogeneity and limited efficacy of single targeted agents. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and xenografts (PDXs) offer promising platforms for personalized therapy by replicating tumor characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS: The mCCI was significantly associated with OS and LrS, independent from established risk factors such as liver function and tumour extent. Whether comorbidities should be integrated into therapeutic algorithms in HCC warrants prospective evaluation.

CONCLUSION: We successfully produced Dox-TIPE which offers a multifunctional platform combining embolization, chemotherapy, imaging, and immunomodulation. This novel embolic material shows strong potential to address current limitations of TACE in liver cancer treatment and may serve as a promising candidate for next-generation embolization therapies.

CONCLUSIONS: First-line immunotherapy, compared to TKI monotherapy, provides meaningful survival benefits in advanced HCC, particularly in virally mediated disease, without significantly increasing severe toxicity. Among regimens, Sinti-Bev offers the most substantial OS advantage, while Anlo-Penpu and Camre-Rivo rank highest for PFS. Etiology-stratified analyses highlight Atezo-Bev as the most consistent regimen in virally mediated disease, with significant OS and PFS benefits in HBV-positive...

Central hepatectomy (CH) is considered one of the most technically demanding robotic major liver resections because of the large transection plane and the proximity to major biliovascular structures. However, direct comparisons between robotic CH, right (RH), and left hepatectomy (LH) are lacking. This study evaluated differences in technical complexity and perioperative outcomes among these procedures. Robotic hepatectomies performed between 2013 and 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients...

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a highly toxic mycotoxin produced by filamentous fungi of the genus Aspergillus, which frequently colonize crops of major economic and nutritional importance during growth, harvest, and storage. Consequently, AFB1 contamination represents a significant threat to global food safety and security. Following ingestion, AFB1 undergoes hepatic bioactivation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, mainly CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, yielding the highly reactive intermediate aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide...

Intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous in several cell types. LDs store neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester and play important roles in energy metabolism, signaling, and stress responses. Although LDs are recognized as intracellular organelles, their behavior during cell cycle progression remains unclear. During mitosis, several organelles, including mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus, undergo extensive remodeling and subsequent reassembly, raising the...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the lowest cancer survival rates. Recent studies using RAS inhibitors have opened the door to more efficacious therapies although their beneficial effect is still limited mainly due to the rapid appearance of tumor resistance. Here, we demonstrate that genetic ablation of three independent nodes involved in downstream (RAF1), upstream (EGFR), and orthogonal (STAT3) KRAS signaling pathways leads to complete and permanent regression of orthotopic...

BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, no randomised trial with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy has been done in patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. We aimed to evaluate the antitumour activity and safety of [^(177)Lu]Lu-dota-tate in this setting.

Patients with pancreatic cancer have low survival rates, largely because patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Current strategies for early detection, including imaging, blood tests, and genetic sequencing, have limited performance. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shown that AI models can identify subtle pre-diagnostic imaging changes that may not be visible to radiologists, raising the possibility of earlier and more consistent pancreatic cancer detection. Despite...

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CONCLUSION: This large single-center study demonstrates favorable survival after LTx for high-risk HBA. Recurrence predictors support avoiding pre-LTx resection in high-risk cases. While living donor or split grafts can expedite transplantation, segmental grafts were independently linked to higher recurrence. Notably, metastases at diagnosis did not increase recurrence, supporting aggressive treatment. The rate of HAT and biliary stricture was significantly higher for children transplanted for...

Although major advances have been made in the field of mesoscopic imaging and associated tissue clearing protocols, these applications are greatly challenged when applied to imaging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissue. Most importantly, penetration of labelling agents, typically antibodies, can be drastically reduced from the characteristically dense PDAC stroma. To circumvent this issue, we present a method by which machine learning assisted segmentation is applied to resolve the...

CONCLUSION: MAPRE2 marks an aggressive HCC-associated molecular state coupled to macrophage-enriched innate immune dysregulation and may represent a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target that warrants rescue, in vivo, transplant-cohort, and external prognostic validation.

This study aimed to characterize candidate regulatory networks associated with LINC02365 knockdown using integrative transcriptomic profiling and Huh-7 cells as a model of hepatocellular carcinoma. LINC02365 expression was evaluated in TCGA-LIHC and GEO datasets and validated in Huh-7, SMMC7721, MHCC97-H, and LO2 cell lines by qRT-PCR. Huh-7 cells with stable LINC02365 knockdown were subjected to next-generation RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis, Gene Ontology (GO)...

CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides a reference for expected weight loss in pancreatic cancer, aiding clinical practice and improving early detection models.

CONCLUSIONS: The high Foxp3+/CD4+ cells ratio was associated with shorter survival in metachronous and longer survival in synchronous disease, providing novel clinical implications. Foxp3+/CD4+ cells ratio in pCRC may help better stratify CRC patients with synchronous LM after resection of the primary tumor.

CONCLUSION: This study delineates a disulfidptosis-associated HCC subtype with a unique metabolic-immune niche. These findings reveal an active, M2 macrophage-involved adaptive network and propose a novel mechanistic link between disulfidptosis and ferroptosis via the GPX4-RAC1 axis within the tumor microenvironment.

Despite its aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis, the key molecular drivers of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still not fully defined. The role of ribosomal protein S8 (RPS8) in HCC development and its regulatory mechanisms received little attention. We investigated the role of RPS8 in HCC progression by delineating its biological functions, clinical relevance, and mechanistic underpinnings. We conducted comprehensive multi-omics analysis using public datasets (TCGA, GEO) to evaluate...

This report describes a 25-year-old, intact male brown bear (Ursus arctos) presenting with weight loss, diarrhea, melena, apathy, and a 12% hematocrit. Ultrasound showed proximal duodenal wall thickening with submucosal cysts and a large, heterogeneous, highly vascularized mass in the descending duodenum, containing small gas pockets and compressing the lumen. The pancreas was visualized at the beginning of the descending duodenum, with normal echogenicity and slightly heterogeneous echotexture,...

CONCLUSION: Modified GTX demonstrated clinical activity with a manageable toxicity profile, thereby suggesting its potential as a second-line treatment option in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Larger prospective studies are warranted to further validate our findings.

Pancreatic cancer mortality remains high due to late diagnosis and therapeutic resistance. The present study investigated acylglycerol kinase (AGK), which has been implicated in other tumors, in pancreatic cancer. Quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that AGK was markedly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines and its expression associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, functional studies using AGK knockdown and overexpression models...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor characterized by profound metabolic reprogramming and a pronounced Warburg effect, resulting in excessive lactate accumulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Traditionally regarded as a metabolic byproduct, lactate has recently been recognized as a substrate for lactylation, offering new insights into tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The present review systematically summarized the molecular basis of lactylation and delineated its...

CONCLUSIONS: Burnt-out MASLD represents a distinct histologic phenotype prognostically relevant after curative resection for HCC. Recognition of this entity may refine postoperative risk stratification and inform surveillance strategies in MASLD-related HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitating the identification of novel therapeutic targets. The transmembrane protein MAL2 has been implicated in various cancers, but its functional role and mechanistic underpinnings in HCC are not fully understood. To comprehensively understand its role in HCC, we analyze public single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and find that MAL2 is significantly enriched in malignant HCC cells. In...

CONCLUSION: Longitudinal monitoring of Galectin-3, HSP90α, and TK1, particularly at 3 and 6 months post- surgery, provides significant prognostic value for HCC patients. The combined assay offers a powerful tool for identifying patients at high risk of early recurrence.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) cells suppress dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function through multiple pathways, further impairing antitumor activity of CD8^(+) T cells. Our previous study revealed that caspase-recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) deficiency led to DC dysfunction and exacerbated PC progression, yet the precise mechanism underlying CARD9 downregulation in DCs remains elusive. In this study, we observed that CARD9 expression was progressively downregulated in PC tumors and...

The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multistep process often associated with chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Natural products, like resveratrol, have attracted considerable attention as anticancer drugs due to their diverse pharmacological activities. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol present in plant foods, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-angiogenesis effects. The growing consensus shows that resveratrol plays a therapeutic...

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures released by activated neutrophils and initially identified for their role in antimicrobial defense. In recent years, growing evidence has demonstrated that NETs contribute to the development and progression of various malignancies. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive digestive-system cancer characterized by strong invasiveness and poor prognosis. Notably, substantial infiltration of NETs is frequently...

PI3K complex consists of catalytic subunit p110s and regulatory subunit p85s. Emerging evidence indicates that p110-free p85 subunits play pivotal roles in diverse biological processes, including cancer progression. In this study, we demonstrate the underlying mechanism of p110-free p85β in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. PIK3R2/p85β is upregulated in HCC and correlates with poor patient survival. Nuclear p85β, but not its cytoplasmic counterpart, exhibits oncogenic activity. In the...

CONCLUSION: METTL14 functions as a critical tumor suppressor in HCC by restricting VEGFA-driven angiogenesis via m⁶A-dependent mRNA destabilization. Our findings uncover a novel epigenetic regulatory mechanism in HCC and identify METTL14 as a potential therapeutic target for anti-angiogenic intervention.

Fatty pancreas and pancreatitis are increasingly linked to Western dietary patterns and pancreatic cancer risk, yet intrinsic molecular mechanisms that preserve pancreatic identity under metabolic stress remain insufficiently defined. Heparanase-2 (Hpa2), a homolog of heparanase that lacks heparan sulfate-degrading activity, is clinically associated with favorable cancer outcomes, but its role in pancreatic homeostasis remains poorly defined. We fed wild-type (WT) and conditional Hpa2 knockout...

CONCLUSIONS: In carefully selected patients with CRLM, LT is associated with durable long-term survival and an acceptable safety profile, supporting further prospective evaluation and refinement of selection criteria.