Colorectal Cancer/Polyps – Pubmed Results

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, underscoring the need for the development of more effective and durable therapeutic strategies. A key mechanism of tumor immune evasion involves activation of immune checkpoint pathways through the upregulation of inhibitory ligand expression within the tumor microenvironment, leading to lymphocyte exhaustion and impaired antitumor immunity. Consequently,...

CXCL14 is a highly conserved chemokine with potential roles in tumor progression and immune modulation. This study investigates the functional impact of CXCL14 on colon cancer by exploring its effects on tumor cell behavior and the immune microenvironment. We generated stable cell lines overexpressing CXCL14 in mouse MC38 and CT26 cells and human HCT15 colon cancer cells, and used these models to assess tumor growth, invasion, and immune cell infiltration. Our results demonstrate that CXCL14...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease arising from dynamic interactions between gut microbiota, inflammatory processes, metabolic reprogramming, and dysregulated host signaling pathways. Increasing evidence highlights the potential of synbiotics-combinations of probiotics and prebiotics-as promising modulators of these processes. This review explores the mechanisms by which synbiotics influence CRC development and progression, integrating data from preclinical and clinical studies....

Background: Globally, colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) continues to be one of the most frequent contributors to cancer-associated deaths, pointing out an ongoing demand for robust biomarkers capable of reflecting disease advancement and predicting patient outcomes. Calbindin 2 (CALB2), a calcium-binding protein, has been implicated in tumor progression in several malignancies, but the precise functional involvement of this molecule in COAD remains insufficiently characterized. This study aimed...

Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated in tumor progression and correlates with poor prognosis and reduced survival. In colorectal cancer (CRC), STAT3 activation serves as a key indicator of unfavorable outcomes. However, the scarcity of clinically available STAT3 inhibitors hinders the development of personalized treatment strategies targeting STAT3. Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel STAT3 inhibitor based on the molecular structure of STAT3...

We previously developed a four-marker panel for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenoma. This study aimed to identify novel bacterial markers to improve adenoma detection using metagenomics and qPCR. Candidate markers were identified from metagenomic data (n = 492) using ANCOM-BC2 and Spearman's rank correlation analysis and were subsequently validated in an independent cohort (n = 426). Diagnostic performance was assessed both individually and in combination with our previously...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern, ranking as the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Advances in screening, such as the implementation of liquid biopsies (LB), have improved early detection, thus enhancing survival rates. This review summarizes the multifaceted nature of CRC, focusing on its genetic background, the complex tumor microenvironment, and the influence of gut microbiota, nutrition, and metabolic...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prehabilitation-a multimodal intervention aimed at optimizing patients' physical, nutritional and psychological status prior to surgery-has been shown to improve postoperative outcomes. However, the long-term impact of such programs on lifestyle remains poorly understood. Aim is to evaluate long-term lifestyle changes following a 4-week prehabilitation program prior to elective colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery and to compare patient-reported outcomes over a 24-month...

CONCLUSIONS: FMT modulates the relative abundances of intestinal Proteobacteria and Lactobacillus murinus in tumor-bearing mice, and inhibits tumor growth by suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling axis, down-regulating TGF-β1 expression, and promoting NK cell activation.

A unique series of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives was designed and synthesized as potential dual inhibitors of EGFR and CDK-2 to circumvent drug resistance in colorectal cancer patients through multi-targeted therapy. When tested against HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells, these compounds showed anticancer activity with lower toxicity against normal cells, thus providing a high selectivity index (> 2). Leads 12c, 12i, and 22 demonstrated potent kinase inhibition, with 22 yielding a...

Two new tests, a cell-free DNA (cfDNA) blood-based test (BBT) and multitarget stool RNA (mt-sRNA) test with in-laboratory fecal immunochemical testing, were recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and a second BBT is under review. These tests have the potential to overcome barriers to screening. This review evaluates the current evidence to better understand their utility for routine screening. The authors searched PubMed, other databases, and gray literature sources through...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, with rates recently increasing among adults younger than 65 years. In 2018, the American Cancer Society (ACS) lowered the recommended age to initiate screening for average-risk adults to age 45 years. Since then, new molecular-based screening tests-a multitarget stool RNA test (mt-sRNA), a next-generation mt-sDNA test, and a blood-based cell-free DNA assay-have received regulatory approval for CRC...

Background: Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is a frequent survivorship problem after sphincter-preserving rectal cancer surgery. Pelvic radiotherapy (RT), often combined with chemotherapy, is frequently implicated in LARS development, but its apparent effect may be confounded by low tumor location and diversion. We evaluated whether RT (±chemotherapy) separates the risk of postoperative LARS severity-especially major LARS-beyond classical anatomic and pathway determinants. Methods: We...

High levels of DNA damage repair (DDR) can promote the survival, immune evasion, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, consequently facilitating the advancement of CRC. This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of berberine (BBR) on CRC progression and the underlying mechanism involving DDR regulation, to provide a novel theoretical basis for clinical CRC treatment. First, we found that BBR demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of the viability of CRC cells....

Colorectal cancer remains a global health challenge due to its high mortality and therapy resistance. While Wedelia trilobata (L.) (WT) exhibits pharmacological potential, its specific mechanisms against this cancer are not fully understood. We investigated the anticancer effects of W. trilobata leaf ethanol extract and its n-hexane and chloroform fractions on HT-29 cells. The WT extract significantly inhibited proliferation by inducing G1/S phase arrest and downregulating PCNA mRNA. It...

CONCLUSIONS: Cephaeline suppresses malignant biological behaviors of CRC possibly by regulating the RAS signaling pathway.

Protein lactylation, an emerging post-translational modification (PTM) driven by the metabolite lactate, has surfaced as an important regulatory layer contributing to the crosstalk between metabolic reprogramming and cellular functional plasticity in colorectal cancer (CRC). Within the unique "host-microbiota" symbiotic microenvironment of CRC, the Warburg effect-fueled jointly by oncogene activation and microbial metabolism-provides abundant substrates for lactylation. This modification is...

CONCLUSIONS: Ethanol accumulation activates the TGF-β/Smad/P21 axis to induce cell cycle arrest and promote oxaliplatin resistance in CRC cells, which can be partially reversed by pirfenidone inhibition.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is driven by dysregulated signaling networks that promote proliferation and metastasis. While SLC25A5 is a well-characterized mitochondrial ADP/ATP transporter, its potential non-canonical roles in cancer remain unclear. This study investigated whether SLC25A5 exerts tumor-suppressive functions in CRC. Using transcriptomic datasets and clinical cohorts, we found that SLC25A5 is significantly downregulated in CRC tissues, and low expression is associated with...

CONCLUSIONS: The constructed prognostic model and the identified potential therapeutic targets provide new strategies to address immune therapy resistance for CRC.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis is driven by complex protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the host and the gut microbiome, yet these molecular dialogs remain largely unmapped. This study utilizes a Deep Learning framework, enhanced by protein structure embeddings, to predict approximately 8.9 billion interspecies PPIs from clinical metagenomic data. The model achieved high accuracy with an AUROC of 0.9960, identifying a high-confidence interactome representing roughly 16% of...

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has emerged as one of the most extensively studied tumor-associated opportunistic pathogens in colorectal cancer (CRC). The central question in Fn-CRC research has shifted from species-level detection or enrichment toward identifying specific lineages with enhanced persistence and tumor-promoting potential under defined host and ecological contexts. Accumulating evidence suggests substantial heterogeneity within Fn at the subspecies and clade levels. Among these, the...

Background/Objectives: Early detection through minimally invasive approaches is critical for timely patient stratification and optimal therapeutic decision-making in colorectal cancer (CRC). Liquid biopsy, based on the analysis of tumor-derived components in blood and other body fluids, has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome current limitations in CRC diagnosis and follow-up. This review evaluates the current landscape of liquid biopsy clinical trials in CRC, focusing on predictive...

Seed oils from Sicilian white (WGSO) and red grapes (RGSO) were examined for their possible cytotoxic effect on HepG2 liver and CaCo-2 colorectal cancer cells, the latter also induced to intestinal differentiation. Half maximal inhibitory dilution (ID(50)) values were obtained from viability assays, excluding RGSO-treated HepG2 and differentiated CaCo-2 cells exposed to both oils, which were unresponsive. Cell morphology and cycle status, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the levels...

The rising intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has raised concerns about their effects on gut microbiota and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Emulsifiers, among the various additives in ultra-processed foods, have attracted considerable interest due to their possible involvement in gut dysbiosis, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Emulsifiers, including polysorbates and carboxymethylcellulose, have the potential to compromise the intestinal barrier, modify microbial composition, and foster...

The maintenance of gastrointestinal homeostasis relies on a tightly coordinated interplay between the intestinal epithelium, the immune system, and the commensal microbiome. Disruption of this balance underlies inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and is characterized by chronic, relapsing mucosal inflammation driven by genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, immune dysregulation, and microbial imbalance. Persistent inflammation promotes...

CONCLUSIONS: A structured, physiotherapist-led PFR programme is feasible and acceptable for colorectal cancer survivors with LARS. While improvements in bowel function and quality of life were observed over time, these findings should be interpreted as exploratory. The hypothesis-generating findings support further evaluation of PFR in a controlled trial to evaluate effectiveness and inform integration into multidisciplinary survivorship care.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is linked to gut microecological imbalances, and increasing evidence suggests that oral-gut microecosystem aberrant interactions also significantly contribute to CRC pathogenesis. The emerging "oral-gut axis" offers novel perspectives into the cross-organ microbial regulation. Notably, the oral bacterium Peptostreptococcus exhibits spatiotemporal specificity during CRC progression and may modulate gut microecology and CRC via this axis. This review examines the oral-gut...

RET fusions are rare but actionable oncogenic drivers in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), occurring in a small molecular subset with limited clinical evidence for selective RET inhibition. We report a 77-year-old woman with mCRC harboring a rare TIMM23B::RET fusion who achieved durable benefit from selpercatinib after progression on capecitabine. Molecular profiling showed RAS/BRAF wild-type, microsatellite-stable disease with a TIMM23B::RET fusion. Selpercatinib induced a marked decline in...

Anal cancer is a rare and under-researched malignancy, leading to limited understanding of patients' experiences and potentially insufficiently tailored care. This study explored the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and healthcare interactions of people with anal cancer. Patients with confirmed diagnosis took part in semi-structured interviews, supplemented by two European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) HRQoL questionnaires. Data were analysed using...

Copyright: © 2026 Duval et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is a secreted protein that has previously been explored for its role in tissue remodeling and cancer. However, its function in the tumor microenvironment (TME)...

Advances in surgical techniques, radiographic imaging capabilities, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have led to improved outcomes for patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. Treatment strategies have correspondingly evolved, as seen with total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) and organ preservation approaches. TNT is a treatment strategy for primary, non-metastatic, resectable mismatch repair proficient rectal cancer where the intent is to administer all appropriate adjuvant therapy in the preoperative...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide and remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Although current treatment strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies, have improved patient outcomes, their effectiveness is frequently limited by multidrug resistance, severe adverse effects, tumour recurrence, and restricted patient applicability. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop novel...

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a common malignancy with substantial morbidity and mortality, and the identification of new therapeutic targets remains essential for improving patient outcomes. In this study, we investigated SHC SH2-domain binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) in COAD through two complementary components with distinct evidentiary scopes. The first component comprised expression profiling, prognostic and methylation analyzes, bioinformatic characterization, and functional validation in vitro...

CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate considerable geospatial heterogeneity of hotspots between different outcome measures and different sites of cancer. The use of disaggregated spatial data enables a more granular, precise comparison of cancer hotspots. The greatest overlap was seen between incidence hotspots of breast and colorectal cancer, which suggests similar spatial drivers and the potential for coordinated cancer control strategies.

CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, this study reveals that PCSK9 establishes a multilevel immunoregulatory axis spanning antigen presentation, T cell activation, and the vascular barrier, driving immune evasion and microenvironmental remodeling in CRC. Inhibition of PCSK9 simultaneously activates antitumor immunity and optimizes the vascular microenvironment, presenting a promising combinatorial therapeutic target against CRC metastasis.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that mortality risk varies over time, with elevated risk in the first 1-3 years for White patients in high-obesity areas. Targeted efforts aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles and investing in community resources that foster healthier living may reduce early mortality.

CONCLUSION: Findings contribute to our understanding of patient preferences related to care team selection. These factors could be important in shaping future development of multidisciplinary cancer care teams.

CONCLUSION: Improving colonoscopy completion after positive iFOBT results requires a coordinated multi-level systems approach that addresses both behavioural and structural barriers to strengthen continuity across the CRC screening continuum.

We report the case of a 52-year-old man undergoing routine screening colonoscopy who was found to have a 3-cm submucosal mass in the sigmoid colon. Initial biopsy demonstrated S100 positivity, raising suspicion for ganglioneuroma (GN). Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a large hypoechoic submucosal lesion, and due to concern for possible gastrointestinal stromal tumor, size, and partial obstruction, the patient underwent partial colectomy. Surgical pathology confirmed a polypoid GN without atypia....

CONCLUSION: The proposed ensemble model addresses common challenges in automated CRC diagnosis, offering reliable solutions with safeguards for exceptional cases. It enhances clinical practice by accurately classifying multiple CRC types. In conclusion, this method is effective where scanned colorectal WSIs can be of low quality for real-world diagnosis.

Numerous studies have shown that microbial metabolites, which represent the products of bacteria in the human gut, play a key role in shaping cancer risk and response to treatment. However, metabolite data typically contain a large proportion of missing values, which may result from either low abundance or technical challenges in data processing. Moreover, given the compositionality of microbiome data, where the observed abundances can only be interpreted on a relative scale, standard variable...

Background: Accurate identification of complete or near-complete responders after total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is critical for selecting candidates for non-operative management in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). While static inflammatory biomarkers have been widely investigated, the predictive value of dynamic changes in systemic inflammation during TNT remains unclear. This study evaluated whether changes in the Pan-Immune Inflammation Value (PIV) correlate with magnetic resonance...

Racially and ethnically minoritized patients are underscreened for colorectal cancer (CRC), resulting in racial/ethnic disparities. This secondary analysis of a pragmatic patient-randomized clinical trial compared effects of a CRC intervention across race/ethnicity. The multicomponent intervention included a mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for patients in Federally Qualified Health Centers due for screening, plus patient navigation for positive FITs. Among 3,734 patients, 9.7% identified...

CONCLUSIONS: RAS mutational status shapes a divergent immune landscape that dictates both prognosis and chemotherapy response in pMMR CRC. Integration of RAS status with key TIME features-particularly CD163-may enable the precise selection of patients most likely to benefit from chemotherapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with current treatment modalities frequently limited by tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion. Vaccine-based immunotherapy, particularly that utilizing messenger RNA (mRNA) technology, represents a promising innovative strategy due to its rapid development cycle, generally manageable safety profile in the short term, and potential for personalization. This review examines the limitations of...

How HOX transcription factors play a role in the stem cell (SC) origin of cancer is unclear. Our goal is to determine how dysregulation of HOX gene expression promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) development through aberrant SC regulatory mechanisms. We investigated retinoic acid (RA) and WNT signaling because they regulate HOX expression and both pathways are dysregulated in cancer. Previously, we reported WNT and RA pathways are functionally linked, and in CRC, APC mutation generates a WNT:RA...

This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of encorafenib plus cetuximab (EC) and EC combined with mFOLFOX6 versus standard of care (SOC) as first-line treatment for BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer from a Chinese healthcare perspective. Using a partitioned survival model with data from the BREAKWATER trial, we found that compared to SOC, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for EC and EC plus mFOLFOX6 were 77,589.95 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and 82,419.06 per...

The COVID-19 pandemic affected healthcare worldwide. This study analysed age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Bavaria to assess the COVID-19 pandemic's impact. We modelled CRC ASIR, overall and in the subgroups (sex, age group, site and stage), in the pre-pandemic (01/2007 to 02/2020) and pandemic (03/2020 to 02/2022) periods using interrupted time-series analyses. Predictions for the third year of the pandemic (03/2022 to 02/2023) were compared to expected ASIR....

CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center study, area-level SES was associated with distinct patient and perioperative profiles, but not with long-term oncologic outcomes. These findings suggest potentially actionable differences in risk profiles across SES strata, particularly regarding age at diagnosis, obesity, and complication burden.