Cardiac Disease – Pubmed

Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) confer an increased cardiovascular risk beyond traditional factors, with peripheral artery disease (PAD) being an important source of morbidity and disability in these patients. This review summarizes current evidence on PAD across RMDs, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic sclerosis, polymyalgia rheumatica, psoriatic arthritis, and primary Sjögren's syndrome. Physiopathological mechanisms...

Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a recently identified autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. It commonly manifests as meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, or optic neuritis. However, presentations resembling stroke are exceedingly rare. Here, we report a case of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy initially misdiagnosed as acute ischemic stroke. The correct diagnosis was later established through the detection of GFAP antibodies in both the patient's...

Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of death worldwide, driven by complex pathological mechanisms involving various cytokines and inflammatory responses. IL-32, a recently discovered cytokine, has emerged as a key player in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of IL-32 and its role in cardiovascular diseases, explores its involvement in inflammatory...

Premature coronary atherosclerosis remains a primary driver of late-stage mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), independent of traditional cardiovascular risk profiles. This mini-review outlines the multifaceted immunometabolic pathways that underpin accelerated atherogenesis in SLE patients. We examine how chronic systemic inflammation modifies the lipoprotein profile toward a pro-oxidant state, characterized by dysfunctional HDL and elevated oxidized LDL. Central to this vascular...

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 vaccination is associated with a reduction in the mortality risk among hip-fracture patients with recent infection. Shorter infection-to-surgery intervals are associated with increased mortality risk, and recent infection is associated with higher VTE risk.

CONCLUSIONS: Plasma soluble PrP^(C) is elevated early after ischemic stroke and is associated with stroke severity and a Th2-skewed circulating CD4^(+) T-cell profile. These findings support plasma soluble PrP^(C) as a candidate acute-phase marker linked to post-stroke immune dysregulation.

CONCLUSIONS: We present a machine-learning model that predicts the risk of CAL in patients with KD in China, aiding doctors in creating personalized treatment strategies to improve outcomes.

Despite major advancements in liver transplantation, graft dysfunction remains a key challenge for long-term success. The use of extended criteria donors, including donation after circulatory death, grafts with prolonged warm ischemia, steatotic grafts, and older donors, is often associated with delayed function or primary non-function. These risk factors must be accounted for when tailoring intraoperative and postoperative strategies. Intraoperatively, maintaining adequate hepatic perfusion,...

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is generally associated with favorable survival, yet long-term survivors may experience an increased burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This risk has often been attributed primarily to TSH suppression therapy, although metabolic factors might also contribute. In this article, we propose a conceptual DTC-IR-CVD axis, in which insulin resistance (IR) may represent one potential molecular link between thyroid malignancy and cardiovascular vulnerability....

CONCLUSION: A history of PGDM significantly increases the risk of GDM recurrence and gestational hypertension in subsequent pregnancies, and is associated with earlier delivery gestational age. Notably, a history of PGDM is also associated with a reduced risk of postpartum anemia.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a conceptual model of CKM syndrome in which metabolic dysregulation is the primary correlate of the established (Stage 2+) CKM status and in which systemic inflammation is a more prominent correlate of advanced (Stage 3+) CKM status. These findings may primarily generalize to the analyzed subsamples rather than broader general populations. Given the cross-sectional design, all findings are strictly hypothesis-generating, and the proposed stage-specific...

CONCLUSION: A nomogram combining homocysteine with traditional clinical and renal markers shows promising capability in assessing the probability of prevalent DR in T2DM patients. While demonstrating potential applicability for screening prioritization, these retrospective findings require further prospective validation before the tool can be routinely implemented to guide clinical management.

CONCLUSION: This study reveals a substantial burden of CKM stages 2-3 in Guangxi, China, affecting over half of the population, especially rural elderly men. The findings highlight the need for targeted prevention strategies focusing on modifiable factors associated with CKM in ethnic minority regions.

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the deposition of lipid within arterial walls, precipitating the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Over time, these plaques enlarge and rupture, initiating thrombosis cascades that pose significant risks to patient safety. Conventional therapies, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (eg, statins) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, predominantly target lipid...

Despite advances in vessel recanalization, ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of mortality, highlighting the need for comprehensive neuroprotective strategies such as remote ischemic conditioning (RIC). This review evaluates the multitargeted mechanisms of RIC, its progress in clinical translation, and the key factors determining its efficacy. In preclinical models, RIC exerts neuroprotection by modulating neuroinflammation, preserving the blood-brain barrier, and promoting angiogenesis and...

CONCLUSION: The long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality remain high following elective, infrarenal AAA repair. These findings highlight a much needed optimization and emphasis of cardiovascular risk management, to minimize the long-term incidence of cardiovascular mortality in patients with AAA following surgical intervention.Clinical ImpactThis study evaluated the long-term outcomes of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality rates following elective repair of the infrarenal abdominal...

Despite advances in therapies targeting hemodynamic and neurohormonal axes in heart failure (HF), incomplete reverse remodeling (RR) characterized by persistent myocardial edema and fibrosis remains a major clinical challenge. This review posits that dysfunction of the cardiac lymphatic system, a critical but understudied pathway for interstitial fluid and immune cell clearance, constitutes a fundamental barrier to complete myocardial recovery. We synthesize current evidence outlining the...

CONCLUSIONS: Based on the comprehensive evidence presented, including the equivalent safety profile of perioperative normoxia across organ systems, the significant increase in systemic oxidative stress associated with hyperoxia, and the MR-confirmed causal links between oxidative stress biomarkers and cardiovascular risks, is recommend as the preferred oxygenation strategy in perioperative care​due to the safety and potential cardiovascular benefits.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex cardiac arrhythmia that substantially compromises survival and quality of life. Patients with AF are predisposed to a substantially elevated risk of systemic embolism, including ischemic stroke. Clinical risk-stratification tools guide the initiation of oral anticoagulation (OAC) to mitigate these thromboembolic complications. However, chronic OAC is inherently associated with bleeding complications, some of which may be life-threatening. Historically,...

Reliable molecular biomarkers for poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remain limited. Using publicly available bulk transcriptomic and single-cell RNA-seq datasets from GEO, we investigated lactate metabolism- and pyroptosis-related signatures and developed a diagnostic model. Differential expression analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed, followed by multialgorithm feature selection (LASSO, SVM-RFE, and random forest). A...

CONCLUSION: In HF patients, nonadherence to medication, the MD, and physical activity were common and associated with poorer cardiac function and a greater comorbid burden. These findings underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to enhance adherence and improve overall patient outcomes.

A 76-year-old woman underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to the right coronary artery for subacute myocardial infarction six months earlier. Subsequently, PCI was also performed for a residual lesion in the left anterior descending artery. On follow-up transthoracic echocardiography, performed six months later, a localized bulging of the inferior wall of the left ventricle was observed, which had markedly enlarged compared to the previous study, leading to the decision for surgical...

A 49-year-old man was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for complete left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion. Two weeks later, transthoracic echocardiography revealed a mobile left ventricular thrombus. Due to its increasing size despite anticoagulation therapy, he was transferred to our department. Emergency surgery was performed using a totally endoscopic trans-atrial and trans-mitral approach through a right minimally...

We present a 61-year-old man who developed worsening glycemic control and a massive evolving left ventricular( LV) thrombus following steroid therapy for immunoglobulin( Ig) G4-related ophthalmic disease. He had a history of old myocardial infarction. Brain magnetic resonance imaging( MRI) disclosed a subacute cerebral infarction. Based on a large, mobile thrombus and an embolic event, surgery was indicated. He underwent successful LV thrombus removal and coronary artery bypass grafting to the...

We report a case of a young male patient diagnosed with Marfan syndrome who presented with lower limb ischemia due to Stanford type B aortic dissection. Initial imaging revealed significant dilation of the aortic root and occlusion of the right iliac artery. Surgical treatment was performed in three stages:revascularization of the lower limbs, valve-sparing aortic root and total arch replacement, and finally thoracoabdominal aortic replacement. This stepwise approach prioritized organ perfusion...

We report a rare case of a non-anastomotic pseudoaneurysm following ascending aortic replacement. A 73-year-old woman presented with anterior chest swelling after undergoing sternal wire removal due to suspected metal allergy. A pseudoaneurysm was identified on computed tomography (CT) at the site where the removed sternal wire had been in contact with the anterior surface of the vascular graft. Surgical repair with cardiopulmonary bypass identified a bleeding pinhole at the graft surface,...

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a significant association between WWI and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality among the general adult population in the United States, Our findings suggest that older people, women, low-income and low-educated people, smokers have higher WWI, and people with high WWI also have higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, Integrating WWI into clinical risk assessment may help identify high-risk populations and guide targeted interventions to...

Designing a temporal regulation system for responsive stem cell delivery that simultaneously addresses micro-environmental improvement in the infarcted area and electromechanical coupling compensation through synergistic stem cell therapy continues to pose substantial research challenges. We present a micro-environmentally induced smart temporal regulation composite conductive hydrogel for myocardial infarction therapy. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) were seeded on alginate (Alg)/gelatin (GT)...

CONCLUSION: In children with ADPKD, a history of macroscopic hematuria is associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension and/or elevated blood pressure.

CONCLUSION: Many children diagnosed with juvenile hypermobility syndrome experience additional symptoms that affect not only their physical functionality, but also their school and social lives, which can impact their emotional well-being. This can cause concern for parents, and both the child and the family require appropriate support, especially in terms of emotional and social functionality. It is important to ensure that both the child and their family receive necessary support to deal with...

INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a rare but severe cause of acute myelopathy, and evidence supporting reperfusion therapies remains limited.

BACKGROUND Type A aortic dissection during pregnancy, a rare and fatal clinical emergency, is highly challenging to the survival of both the mother and her fetus. In the obstetrical context, synchronous surgical repair of type A aortic dissection is both more critical and more difficult in clinical practice; therefore, multidisciplinary treatment is necessary. In our report, the treatment of acute type A aortic dissection during pregnancy is presented, with the aim to share clinical experience...

Despite advances in acute care, stroke remains a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide, with limited treatment options to improve recovery after stroke. Traditionally, the management of ischemic stroke has mostly focused on early reperfusion, yet growing evidence highlights a central role for inflammation in both acute and long-term pathophysiology of stroke. The inflammatory response post-stroke is complex and dynamic, beginning with early intravascular activation of...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) triggers a robust inflammatory response, which has been associated with brain injury and poor outcome. The complement system is an integral part of the innate immune system activated after acute brain injury. The early complement proteins C1q and C3 have roles in glial-neuronal interactions and synaptic pruning. The objective of this study was to determine whether changes in CSF complement proteins over time after aSAH are...

A 67-year-old female, diagnosed with atrial fibrillation over 35 years ago, presented with mild heart failure symptoms. However, due to mild mitral regurgitation, she had been managed conservatively at local hospital. Recently, she developed severe dyspnea and was referred to our institution for surgical intervention. Comprehensive evaluation revealed significant enlargement of both atria, leading to a restrictive ventilatory impairment. The surgical procedure included mitral annulus repair,...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has a poor prognosis despite available treatments. TPN171H, structurally modified from traditional Chinese medicine (Epimedium), was reported to have a high affinity for phosphodiesterase type 5 and exhibited anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory effects in preclinical studies. This phase 2a randomized trial (NCT04483115) evaluated the hemodynamic effects and safety of TPN171H in PAH. Sixty patients with PAH were randomly assigned to receive placebo, TPN171H...

CONCLUSIONS: Systemic α₂-agonist use was associated with a substantially lower hazard of glaucoma-related diagnoses compared with systemic β-blocker use. These findings are limited by the observational design, potential residual confounding, and reliance on diagnostic coding. These results warrant further investigation in prospective mechanistic studies and randomised clinical trials.

Left ventricular( LV) tamponade is rare and can occur in special circumstances like regional pericardial effusion overlying LV. The therapeutic approach of LV tamponade is different according to the causative factor and the place of loculated pericardial effusion. We report a case of neoplastic cardiac tamponade manifesting as left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. A 78-year-old man with a history of aortic arch surgery and lung cancer surgery presented with dyspnea. Echocardiogram showed...

CONCLUSIONS: Assay-specific 99th-percentile reference intervals for aCL IgAGM and anti-β2GPI IgAGM were established in a large health-inspection population and a physiologically normal reference subgroup. These findings provide a practical interpretive framework for combined-isotype assays and support future disease-oriented evaluation.

CONCLUSION: Patients with cardiometabolic comorbidities had higher disease activity at treatment initiation of the first b/tsDMARD. Prescription patterns varied with comorbidity burden. Cardiometabolic comorbidity burden, especially obesity, was associated with marginally lower treatment retention.

CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that there are both similarities and important differences between small-area estimates derived from EHR and survey data. Such differences suggest that further research is needed to determine the optimal collection method for local estimates of health conditions.

CONCLUSIONS: Uninsured individuals with SUDs face an elevated risk of CVD MM. Interventions improving access to care for this vulnerable population are crucial for reducing cardiovascular health disparities.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic kidney disease is a recognized risk factor for adverse neurocognitive outcomes, but the effect of acute kidney injury (AKI) on brain health remains less well defined. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate associations between AKI and subsequent risk of stroke, delirium, and dementia.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate a considerable prevalence of arrhythmias and the persistence of identifiable masses throughout follow-up in a Brazilian cohort of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex, emphasizing the clinical relevance of persistent lesions as potential arrhythmogenic substrates requiring long‑term surveillance.

CONCLUSIONS: The Telehealth intervention is effective in improving functional and psychological outcomes and reducing rehospitalization rates among older patients undergoing CABG. Integrating telehealth into usual care can support recovery and enhance continuity of care.

Both venous excess ultrasound (VExUS) and central venous pressure (CVP) can assess venous congestion from different perspectives. CVP provides continuous and simple monitoring of the risk of congestion and is easily repeatable in patients with a central venous catheter. In contrast, VExUS offers an intermittent, organ-level evaluation of established congestion and may help identify the venous waterfall phenomenon. Furthermore, assessment of pulmonary congestion should not be overlooked.

CONCLUSION: Deconstructed Tai Chi stepping training combined with conventional rehabilitation was associated with greater improvement in lower limb motor function, walking ability, and joint mobility than conventional rehabilitation plus limb synergy training in patients with Brunnstrom Stage III stroke. This stage-specific protocol may represent a practical adjunct to stroke rehabilitation, although confirmation in larger trials is still needed.

CONCLUSIONS: Although statistical analysis showed a tendency to a higher incidence of ICH in the ACLF group compared to controls, ICH did not occur significantly more frequently in patients with ACLF. While no correlation was shown between the occurrence of ICH and high systolic blood pressure or dysregulated INR and pTT, low platelet counts were associated with spontaneous ICH in both groups.

The term myocardial edema refers to abnormal myocardial fluid accumulation due to impaired fluid homeostasis, triggered by a complex interplay of cellular, molecular, and hemodynamic factors. It is a multifaceted pathologic phenomenon with diverse clinical manifestations and plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular conditions, such as ischemic, inflammatory, infiltrative, toxic, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Detection of myocardial edema presents some...

CONCLUSION: The drugs used to treat heart failure, arrhythmia, and thromboembolism in Switzerland largely reflect current international recommendations. Nevertheless, novel drugs are rarely used. In addition to the lack of large randomized controlled drug trials in children, important obstacles are lack of authorization, lack of reimbursement, and lack of suitable formulations. These issues should be addressed by both the industry and healthcare providers to continuously improve drug therapy...