Radiology/Diagnostics – Pubmed Results

Shigella flexneri producing OXA-181 was detected from a patient in Ireland in October 2025. The isolate had a meropenem minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.12 mg/L. Carbapenemase production was detected by lateral flow immunoassay. The sequence type was ST245 and closely related to sequences previously reported from Ireland and other countries but not previously linked to presence of the bla (OXA-181) gene(.) Carbapenemase production in Shigella spp. has implications for laboratory...

CONCLUSIONS: LCI-CAD EYE demonstrated a high sensitivity for known gastric epithelial neoplasms in a clinical setting.

Laparoscopic appendectomy has emerged as the preferred surgical approach for treating acute appendicitis, one of the most common abdominal emergencies. This review explores the key indications, technical benefits and ongoing controversies surrounding laparoscopic appendectomy. While diagnosing acute appendicitis is typically straightforward, atypical presentations due to variable appendix locations can complicate management. Advances in imaging and scoring systems have improved diagnostic...

CONCLUSION: Community pharmacies are well positioned to expand CRC screening access. Addressing reimbursement, training, workflow, and coordination barriers through evidence-based strategies and supportive policy can enable pharmacist-delivered CRC screening to reduce disparities and improve population health outcomes.

CONCLUSION: DEGLUTO presented robust initial validity evidence, demonstrating clinical applicability, clarity, and theoretical adequacy, qualifying it as a promising tool for the assessment of oropharyngeal dysphagia in clinical practice.

CONCLUSION: In these PC patients, there was negative self-perception of swallowing, self-reported vocal symptoms, and possibility of dysphagia, with positive correlation among the three protocols. Significant differences were found in self-perception of swallowing, vocal symptoms, and possibility of dysphagia, with greater impact in patients with sarcopenia and dyspnea.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cross-sectional study of screening patterns, nearly 18 million middle-aged US women were estimated to be overdue for 1 or more cancer screening tests. Access-related policies or bundled clinical interventions that improve screening across multiple tests should be prioritized to most effectively reduce the burden of screen-detectable cancers.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) progression involves complex microvascular remodeling and oxygen utilization disturbances that elude conventional endoscopy. We developed an all-fiber photoacoustic endomicroscopy (AFPEM) platform integrating high-density fiber-bundle scanning with broadband fiber-optic ultrasound detection, enabling high-resolution, fast dual-wavelength volumetric oxygenation mapping (7.7-μm lateral, 67.5-μm axial, 250-Hz B-scan rate). Serial quantification of vessel density,...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants and young children is a common digestive disorder with diverse clinical manifestations that often overlap with physiological reflux and behavioral expressions, creating diagnostic challenges. Comprehensive searches were conducted in English- and Chinese-language databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data, to review the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, and impacts...

CONCLUSIONS: This study develops and internally validates a risk prediction model for ACN that integrates gastric-related indicators, with H. pylori infection as the key predictor. The model exhibits promising retrospective risk stratification performance in patients undergoing concurrent gastroscopy and colonoscopy for screening, symptomatic assessment, or surveillance. It enables retrospective risk assessment during routine endoscopy, but its clinical utility for guiding prospective...

Gastric cancer, prevalent in East Asia, often presents with peritoneal metastasis at diagnosis, limiting surgical options and reducing survival rates. Given the low sensitivity of current diagnostic methods, this study aimed to develop and evaluate deep learning models based on preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography images to improve the detection of occult peritoneal metastasis in T3/T4 stage gastric cancer. We first evaluated the performance of several convolutional neural network...

CONCLUSIONS: This study has the potential to show that social media offers a cost-efficient, scalable approach to promote CRC screening. This approach is adaptable to other cancer screening programs and could provide evidence-based digital strategies for the promotion of cancer screening.

CONCLUSION: The performance observed in this community setting was suboptimal for the detection of serrated lesions. A mean withdrawal time >11 min was associated with a doubling of ADR and proximal SLDR compared with <9 min. In routine practice, the sessile and proximal SLDRs seem to be similar for assessing the detection of serrated lesions and should become major quality indicators for colonoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Bowel cancer is the UK's second biggest cancer killer, accounting for around 16,000 deaths annually. The quantitative faecal immunochemical test (qFIT) has massively improved early detection of bowel cancer, yet uptake remains significantly lower in socioeconomically deprived areas.

CONCLUSION: Celiac patients have increased levels of the Dkk-1 and sclerostin, together with PTH as bone modulators, correlated with citrulline level, known as a potential marker for enterocyte mass. These results collectively indicate the significance of Dkk-1 and sclerostin in the development of celiac disease; however, further research is needed to explore their possible diagnostic and therapeutic uses in the future.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic immune-mediated disease with a growing global burden. In this study, bioinformatics analysis and machine learning methods were employed to screen the potential immune microenvironment-related feature genes. We identified 4 immune-related genes that are consistently dysregulated in UC and correlate with immune infiltration, including APOBEC3B (Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3B), CXCL11, PLA2G2A, and TMEM173. Their diagnostic performance...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health burden and a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Current blood-based biomarkers lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity, particularly for early detection. In this context, circulating immune-cell transcriptomic profiling has emerged as a promising minimally invasive approach. This systematic review was conducted following a PROSPERO-registered protocol (CRD42024604757) and PRISMA 2020 guidelines to evaluate the...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with prognosis critically dependent on the stage at diagnosis. Traditional tissue biopsy presents well-known limitations, including tumor heterogeneity and invasiveness. Liquid biopsy, encompassing the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and other cell-free biomarkers, has emerged as a transformative approach for non-invasive tumor profiling. This...

Early detection and accurate segmentation of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy are crucial for the prevention of colorectal cancer. However, automated polyp segmentation remains challenging because of high inter-class variance, complex intestinal backgrounds, and blurred boundaries. To address these issues while maintaining computational efficiency, DSF-BRNet was developed for endoscopic polyp segmentation. In this framework, a Dual-Gated Semantic Fusion (DSF) module is introduced to reduce...

CONCLUSIONS: The significantly lower likelihood of IBD family history, along with relatively lower vitamin D levels, and the predominance of a Western-style dietary pattern among non-Caucasian children are compatible with the hypothesis that non-genetic factors may be important in PIBD, warranting further investigation into diet and environmental factors in this group. Further investigation of the pre-disease modifiable non-genetic factors contributing to the development of PIBD in the migrant...

CONCLUSION: NIR-II fluorescence imaging improves intraoperative vascular visualization and shows promise for assessing inflammatory severity in HD. Its association with postoperative outcomes remains exploratory and requires validation in larger prospective studies.

CONCLUSIONS: Bowel complications following laparoendoscopic single -site donor nephrectomy are rare but clinically significant, predominantly presenting postoperatively and requiring surgical intervention. High body mass index and a history of abdominal surgery are key associated risk factors. Meticulous surgical technique remains paramount to minimize risk. Therefore, meticulous surgical technique and careful patient selection, particularly in donors with obesity or prior abdominal surgery, are...

CONCLUSION: Non-contrast MRI demonstrated reliable diagnostic performance with substantial interobserver agreement for CRLM detection, suggesting its potential clinical applicability. While contrast-enhanced MRI remains the standard, non-contrast MRI may be a feasible alternative in select cases. Further large-scale validation is necessary before broader clinical adoption.

Dysphagia and aspiration are common complications in tracheostomized critically ill patients. The Modified Evan's Blue Dye Test (MEBDT) is a non-invasive, bedside, adjunctive rule-in signal for aspiration when positive. However, its diagnostic accuracy compared to the gold standard Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) in these patients remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the MEBDT for the detection of...

The spatial confinement of electromagnetic hotspots (<15 nanometers) in plasmonic nanostructures fundamentally restricts their utility for probing large, heterogeneous targets across diverse material and biological systems. We introduce a cascaded photonic-plasmonic strategy that bridges far-field illumination and near-field enhancement by integrating dielectric silicon dioxide microspheres that form subdiffraction nanojets on a plasmonic, gold-coated silicon dioxide nanoarray. This dual-layer...

CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight that moderate-frequency SMS text messaging reminders can effectively increase CRC screening rates in FQHCs; however, critical factors include the timing and frequency of these reminders. The 3-week intervention was associated with improved screening uptake, whereas the 6-week theory-informed intervention did not demonstrate a significant advantage over the control group, potentially reflecting a ceiling effect or message fatigue associated with more frequent...

CONCLUSION: Elevated RC levels were independently associated with an increased risk of CRC. Thus, RC may serve as a useful biomarker for CRC risk stratification beyond traditional lipid parameters.

CONCLUSION: Rebleeding incidence in patients with CD experiencing acute LGIB was 32%. Transfusion requirement is a significant risk factor for rebleeding.

CONCLUSION: Both EBD and FBD are safe and effective primary treatment modalities for treating benign esophageal strictures. Choosing an appropriate method depending on the location and length of the stricture and the institution's capacity and resources would produce more effective results.

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic autoimmune blistering skin disease strongly associated with coeliac disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the clinical, serological, and neurological characteristics of 114 DH patients (70 males, 44 females; mean age: 50.2 years; 13 newly, 101 previously diagnosed) at Semmelweis University, Budapest, between 2020 and 2023. Diagnosis was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence microscopy. Serum autoantibodies against transglutaminase 2 (TG2), 3...

We report a case of Cryptosporidium sp. OTUi identified in a tourist from Denmark who recently traveled to Indonesia. Previous detections include a traveler from Australia returning from Bali, a bat from the Philippines, and a patient from Australia. On the basis of those findings, we believe zoonotic transmission is plausible.

CONCLUSION: IUS may represent a reliable tool to assess fecal loading in UC. IUS correlates well with CT, and demonstrates excellent reproducibility. It is a promising tool for managing constipation in UC.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are now common among patients with Crohn's disease, with prevalence rates approaching those of the general population. Yet the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), which still underpins the design and interpretation of many phase 3 trials, was developed in an era dominated by undernutrition and only weakly reflects intestinal inflammation. In this Viewpoint, we revisit the construction of the CDAI and argue that its weight component is particularly ill-adapted to...

Perianal fistula is a common, miserable, and often embarrassing condition that tends to recur. Most cases result from chronic infection of the anal glands (cryptoglandular), leading to an internal opening in the anal canal and an external opening that discharges fluid. Pelvic MRI has become essential for its management because it helps accurately classify the type and extent of the fistula, enabling optimized preoperative planning before surgery. It is particularly useful for perianal fistulas...

Background MR enterography (MRE) is increasingly used to guide treatment and improve outcomes in Crohn disease (CD). An abbreviated MRE (A-MRE) protocol-omitting contrast and antiperistaltic agents-may reduce scanning time and cost and improve compliance. Purpose To compare intrareader concordance and interreader agreement in detecting disease activity and disease-related complications using contrast-enhanced MRE (CE-MRE) versus an A-MRE protocol in participants with CD. Materials and Methods In...

Esophageal lichen planus (ELP) is a unique manifestation of lichen planus that is rarely studied. This disorder presents diagnostic challenges due to variable clinical presentations and the absence of universally accepted diagnostic criteria. This study evaluates the performance of the Schauer Diagnostic Criteria (SDC) in diagnosing ELP for two specific cohorts: patients with extra-esophageal manifestations of lichen planus (LP) and patients without extra-esophageal manifestations of LP. We...

CONCLUSION: Currently, there are about 200 BRBNS cases reported, and none of these cases developed concurrent esophageal carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of BRBNS with concurrent esophageal carcinoma. Even though BRBNS is considered a benign disease, lumen narrowing caused by hemangiomas may result in repeated mucosal damage from mechanical irritation such as solid food, and physicians should be aware of the potential of malignancy due to chronic inflammation caused by partial...

RATIONALE: Cecal dermoid cysts, mature cystic teratomas, are exceedingly rare. They may present with nonspecific abdominal pain and mimic common surgical conditions. We report a pediatric case of cecal dermoid cyst presenting with acute appendicitis and provide a systematic review of all published cecal dermoid cases.

Ewing sarcoma is a highly aggressive pediatric bone tumor that most commonly affects children and adolescents. It is characterized by the chromosomal translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12), resulting in the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion gene, and is typically associated with strong CD99 immunopositivity. Involvement of visceral organs, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, is extremely rare and remains underreported in literature. We present a case of a 5-year-old female with an unusual retro-gastric...

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hospital-diagnosed chronic diseases among stage I-IV CRC patients has increased over the past two decades.

Sitosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessive lipid metabolic disorder caused by mutations in ABCG5 or ABCG8, leading to pathological accumulation of dietary plant sterols. The condition is clinically heterogeneous, presenting with xanthomas, premature atherosclerosis and haematological abnormalities such as stomatocytosis, haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia, making diagnosis particularly challenging. We investigated four patients with unexplained inherited haemolytic anaemia and a history...

CONCLUSION: Management of sigmoid volvulus remains heterogeneous in France. Surgical specialty and practice setting significantly influence preoperative assessment, operative strategy and timing, supporting the need for harmonized management guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS: SMS reminders using behavioural prompts and clear, concise content may support improved screening participation. Tailored SMS messages that reflect public preferences may increase kit return rates, support national screening goals and reduce bowel cancer mortality.

Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome and the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer. In addition to colorectal cancer, it confers substantially increased risks for several extracolonic malignancies. While there is broad consensus regarding the effectiveness of endoscopic colorectal surveillance, recommendations for surveillance of gastric, small bowel, and pancreatic cancers vary considerably among guidelines issued by leading professional societies....

This study aimed to investigate Lynch Syndrome (LS)-related germline variants among Southern Thai patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and other LS-associated cancers who met the revised Bethesda guidelines. A total of 132 probands suspected of LS underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS). Eleven germline variants including pathogenic variants (PVs), likely pathogenic variants (LPVs), and potential variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes were identified in...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Poststroke dysphagia affects 37-78% of stroke survivors, leading to complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, and psychological distress. Current tools for assessing swallowing, such as the Timed Water Swallow Test and Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids, do not evaluate intermediate consistencies. The Swallowing Proficiency for Eating and Drinking (SPEAD) protocol incorporates thin liquids, solids, and moderately thick liquids, providing a comprehensive...

A 12-year-old boy with a family history of atopy and no relevant personal medical history was referred to the Pediatric Allergy Out-Clinic due to a persistent cough lasting 1 year, refractory to multiple therapeutic interventions. He presented with a daily productive cough, occasionally leading to vomiting, associated with exertional dyspnea during moderate physical activity. He denied any clear seasonality or identifiable triggers. He reported episodes of low-grade fever 2-3 days per month,...

Ulusan Bagci et al. propose Blastocystis spp. as a hidden cause of chronic urticaria and suggest routine stool testing and treatment in positive cases. We argue that this conclusion is not supported by the current evidence, which is dominated by heterogeneous diagnostics, cross-sectional prevalence comparisons prone to misclassification and non-randomized treatment-response reports lacking clearance-linked endpoints. We outline minimum standards for interpretable inference, including...

BACKGROUND: Throat and airway symptoms are common, but only a small proportion are reflux-related. The term "laryngopharyngeal reflux" has variable definitions in the literature and has been used to describe symptomatic patients with or without objective reflux, often leading to prolonged/unnecessary treatment trials.

CARMIL2 deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive combined immunodeficiency classically associated with dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), recurrent infections, and Epstein-Barr virus-related tumors. Gastrointestinal (GI) stenosis remains an underrecognized but potentially life-threatening complication. We report a consanguineous Moroccan family in which all three siblings with CARMIL2 deficiency developed early-onset, severe, and progressive GI stenoses, including pyloric and...